高考英语语法专题复习

高考英得将读考题复习

一、冠词TheArticle

知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(TheIndefiniteArticle)和定冠

词(ThedefiniteArticle)两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前:如abook,aman;an用在元音之前，如：anoldman,

anhour,aninterestingbook等。the是定冠词。

一、不定冠词a(an)的用法

1、基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。如：Sheisagirl.IamateacherPleasepassmeanapple.

2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.

AWangislookingforyou.一位姓王的同志正在找你。

3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。ill：Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.

4、用于某些固定词组中。如:abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagood

time,forawhile,fbralongtime等。

5、用在抽象名词前;表具体的介绍:a+拍象名词，起具体化的作用。如：

Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.

Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。

二、定冠词的用法：

1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如I：

BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Thepenonthedeskismine.

2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：

Whereistheteacher?Openthewindow,please.

3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如：

Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.Thebabywasthin.

4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：theearth,themoon,thesun.

5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如：

Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.Bobisthetallestinhisclass.

6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如：

theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theScienceMuseum,theChildren'sPalace,:heParty等。

7、用在一些习惯用语中o如：ontheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybefore

yesterday,thenextyear,bytheway等。

8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。in：theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theAlps,theHimalayas

9^用在报刊、杂志前©in：thePeople'sDaily,theEveningPaper,theTimes泰晤士报。

10＞表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：TheBrownsareathometoreceivevisitorstoday.布朗一家今天要接待客人。

II、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：ihepoor,thewounded,theliving,thedead,therich,【hesick等。

12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。加：Thedriveralwayssitsinthefrontofthebus(car).

三、零冠词(即不用冠词)：

1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,milk,oil,water,paper,science等。

2、名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词。如：Godownthisstreet.

3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.

4、节日、日期、月份、季节前o如：Teachers5Day,Children'sDay,NationalDay,insummer,inJuly等。

TodayisNewYear'sDay.ItisSunday.March8isWomen'sDay.

5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：What'sthematter,Granny?

Weelectedhimmonitor.

6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atmost,atleast,bybus(train,air,sea),inbed,

intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed,gotocollege,onfoot,attabic,inink,inpencil等。

7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：Shegoescoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.

Wearegoingtoplayfootball.Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.

8、科目前不加。如：WelearnChinese,maths,Englishandsomeothersubjects.

【专项训练】：

1Wecan'tlivewithoutair.

A.anB.XC.theD.some

2、----Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.

-----Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.

A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

3、I'vebeenwaitingfbrhimfbrhourandhalf

A.X；XB.the;aC.a;theD.an;a

4、What______fineweatherwehavetoday!

A.aB.XC.someD.an

5、Haveyoueverseenastallasthisone?

A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree

6、Childrenusuallygotoschoolataseofsix.

A.X;theB.a;anC.the;XD.the;the

7、_____Himalayasis_______highestmountainin_____world.

A.X；the;XB.The;the;theC.A;a;aD.X

8、Theyeachhave_book.LiHua'sisabout____writer.WangLin'sisonscience.

A.a;a;XB.the;X;theC.X;the;XD.a;the;a

9、Physicsisscienceofmatterandenergy.

A.The;XB.X;XC.X;thcD.A;a

]0、sunrisesineastandseisinwest.

A.A;an;aB.The;X；XC.The;the;theD.A;the;a

11、Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.

A.a;XB.the;anC.the;theD.X;the

12、MrJonescalledwhileyouwereout(neitherofusknowsthisman).Hewasin___bad

temper.A.X;aB.A;XC.The;theD.A;a

13、Theywereatdinnerthen.Itwasdclicousone.

A.a;theB.X；XC.X；aD.a;a

14、whatkindofcardoyouwanttobuy?

A.XB.theC.aD.an

15、Aliceisfondofplaying_pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto____music.

A.x；theB.x；xC.the;xD.the;the

16、Beyondstars,theastronautsawnothingbutspace.

A.the;XB.X;thcC.X;XD.the;the

17>AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.

A.XB.aC.theD.one

18、——Where'sJack?

-----1thinkhe'sstillinbed,buthemightjustbeinbathroom.

A.X;XB.the;theC.the;XD.X;the

19、Manypeoplearestillin_habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.

A.the;theB.X;XC.the;XD.X;the

20、-----I'dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.

-----Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.

A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a

二、名词Nouns

知识要点：一、名词的种类：

1、专有名词：1）China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack（不加冠词）2）theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,

thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）

物质名词:water,rice,oil,paper

2、普通名词:1)不可数名词＜

抽象名词:health,trouble,work,pleasure,honor•••

注意：①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a（an）则使之具体化了。如：haveawonderfultime.

②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

③不可数名词一般无兔数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes,newspapers,v/aters,snows.......

IIII

各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪

④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难

⑤在表数量时，常用"of”词组来表示。如:aglassofmilk,acupoftea,twopiecesofpaper***.

2）可数名词：①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：Abirdcaufly.

Thefrogisakindofhibernatinganimal.Vegetablessoldatthisshopareusuallyfresh.

②有复数形式：a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”

b）不规则变化---child（children）,foot（feet）,tooth（teeth）,man（men）,

woman（women）,mouse（mice）,goose（geese）,Englishman（Englishmen）,phenomenon（phenomena）,••

注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,fish（同一种鱼）....如，asheep,twosheep

d）只用复数形式：thanks,irousers,goods,clolhes,socks,shoes,…

e）形复实单：physics,politics,maths,news,plastics（塑料），means.

f）形单实复：people（人民，人们ihepolice,cattle等

g）集合名词如：family,public,group,class等。作整体时，为单数；作整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：

Myfamilyisabigone.Myfamilyaremusiclovers.

h）复合名词变复数时，①只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：

sister（s）-in-law嫂子，弟妹;step-son（s）继子;editor（s）-in-chief总编辑。

②如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加"s"。如：grown-up⑸成年人，go-beiween（s）中间人

③woman,man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数•致。如：amanservant—menservants,awomandoctor—womendoctors

二、名词的所有格：

1、有生命的（人或物）的名词所有格，在名词后加“'s"。如：Mike'sbag,Children'sDay,mybrother'sroom,women'srights,•,

注意：1）名词复数的词尾是・s或・es,它的所有格只在词后加"s"。如：Teachers'Day,thestudents'reading-room

2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“‘s"。如：herson-in-law'sphoto（她女婿的照片）；anybodyclse'sbook

3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，在最后一个名词后加“、”；如果不是共有，每个词后都要加“，s”。

如：JaneandHelen'sroom.珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）.BillIandTom'srad沁s.比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）

4）表地点（店铺，家等）的名词所有格后，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如:thetailor's（裁缝铺）thedocloFs（诊所）MrBrown's

5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“1”表所有格。

如：halfanhour'swalk（半小时的路程）China'sagriculture（中国的农业）

2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。in：thecoverofthebook

3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：

thestoryofDrNormanBethuneDoyouknowthenameoftheboystandingatthegate?

4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：

在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如：a,two,some,afew,this,that,these,those等)时,

常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如:

afriendofmyfather'ssomeinventionsofEdison,sthoseexercise-booksofthestudents'

【专项训练】:

1、Thereareonlytwelve____________inthehospital.

A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor

2、MrSmithhastwo,bothofwhomarcteachersinaschool.

A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-lawsC.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw

3、----Howmany________doesacowhave?------Four.

A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachics

4、Some________visitedourschoollastWednesday.

A.GermanB.GcrmcnC.GermansD.Germcns

5、Theofthebuildincarecoveredwithlotsof

A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs

6、Whenthefarmerrelumedhomehe(bundthree___________missing.

A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies

7、Thatwasafifty________engine.

A.horsepowerB.horsespowerC.horsepowersD.horsespowers

8、Myfatheroftengivesme.

A.manyadviceB.muchadviceC.alotofadvicesD.afewadvice

9、Marybrokea____whileshewaswashingup.

A.teacupB.acupofteaC.tea'scupD.cuptea

10、Canyougiveussome______________aboutthewriter?

A.informationsB.informationC.pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation

11%Ihadacupof_andtwopiecesof__________thismorning.

A.teas;breadB.teas;breadsC.tea;breadsD.tea;bread

12、Asisknowntousall.travelsmuchfasterthan.

A.lights;soundsB.light;soundC.sound;lightD.sounds;lights

13>Shetoldhimofallherand________.

A.hope;fearB.hopes;fearC.hopes;fearsD.hope;fears

14、Therising____________didalotof___________tothecrops.

A.water;harmB.water;harmsC.waters;harmD.waters;harms

15、----Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?

------It'sabout.

A.halfanhour'sdriveB.halfhoursdrives

C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive

16、Theshirtisn'tmine.It's

A.MrsSmithB.Mrs'SmithC.MrsSmiths,D.MrsSmith's

17、MissJohnsonisafriendof

A.Mary'smotherB.Mary'smothers*<C.Marymother'sD.Mary'smother's

18、LastweekIcalledatmy

A.auntB.auntsC.aunt'sD.auntes'

19、Thebeachisathrow.

A.stoneB.stonesC.stones'D.stone's

20>IcanhardlyimaginesailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

A.Peter'B.PeterC.PetersD.Peters'

三、主谓一致Agreement

知识要点：

在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，

根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一

下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

1)Thebookisonthetable.

2)HeisreadingEnglish.

3)lbworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)

4)Howyougetthereisaproblem.

2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：

Childrenliketoplaytoys.

3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如:

1)Thereisadognearthedoor.

2)Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.

3)Herecomesthebus.

4)Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.

5)HereisMrBrownandhischildren.

4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后有with,togetherwith,except,but,perhaps,

like,including,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

如：

1)Jane,MaryandIaregoodfriends.

2)Heandmyfatherworkinthesamefactory.

3)Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.

4)Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefbrtheaccident.

5)He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.

6)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.

7)AlicewithherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.

8)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.

9)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.

5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：

1)Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。

2)Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3)Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.

那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。(两个人)

6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each,every,no,manya修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

1)Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。

2)Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.今天没有老师和学生缺席。

3)Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。

7^each,either,one,another,theother,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1)Eachtakesacupoftea.

2)Eitheriscorrect.

3)Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.

8、由every,some,any,no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1)Iseveryonehere?

2)Nothingistobedone.没有什么要干的事儿了。

9、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

1)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

2)Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.

3)Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.

10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

1)Threeyearsisnotalongtime.

2)Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.

3)Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.

11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等)，动词用单数形式。如：

1)TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.

2)TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(决议)。

3)"TheArabianNighis"(《天方夜谭》)isaninterestingbook.

12、有些集体名词如family,team,group,class,audience(听众，观众)，government等作主语时，如看作是一个整

体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

1)Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.

我家要进行一次长途旅行。

2)Myfamilyarefondofmusic.

我家人都喜欢音乐。

3)Theclasshaswonthehonour.

这班获得了荣誉。

4)Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.

全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。

13、all.more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要

根据实际情况而定。如：

1)Alloftheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。

2)Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。

3)Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture(家具)。

14、ihe+形容词(或分词)作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单

数形式。如：

1)Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.年轻人通常是很活跃的。

2)Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.

现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。

15^or,either…01•…，neither…nor…，whether,•,or,notonly…but(also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。

如：

1)EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.

2)Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.

16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1)Waterisakindofmatter.2)Theneusatsixo'clockistrue.

17、集合名词如：people,police,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

1)Thepolicearesearchingfbrhim.

2)Thecattlearcgrassing(吃草)。

18、populalion当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：

1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.

2)Onethirdofthepopulationherearcworkers.

19、thenumberof+名词复数，是表示“…的数字"，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a(large/great)numberof+

名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。

1)Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.

2)Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.

20、means,politics,physics,plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

【专项训练】

1、Nothingbutcarsintheshop.

A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingto

2、NooneexceptJackandTom______theanswer.

A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknown

3、Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool_________fromthecountryside.

A.isB.areC.comesD.arecoming

4、_____________ofthemoney_________usedup.

A.Three-five,areB.Three-fifths,havebeen

C.Three-fifths,hasbeenD.Third-fifths,is

5、Thenumberofthepeoplewho________cars________—increasing.

A.owns,areB.owns,isC.own,isD.own,are

6、OneofMarx'sworkswritteninEnglish：inthe1860s.

A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.are

7、Thesheetsforyourbed__________washing.

A.needsB.areneedingC.wantD.arewanting

8、Oneachsideofthestreet_alotoftrees.

A.standsB.growC.isstandingD.aregrown

9、Someperson___________callingforyouatthegate.

A.areB.isC.isbeingD.willbe

10、Allthatcanbeeaten____________eatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

11、Tom'steacherandfriend_________Mr.Smith.

A.areB.isC.arebeingD.has

12、Yournewclothesfityou,butmine!________me.

A.doesn'tfitB.don'tfitC.doesn'tfitforD.don'tfitfbr

13、NeitherhenorIfortheplan.A.amB.areC.isD.were

14、Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.

A.hasmadeB.havemadcC.hasbeenmadeD.hadmade

15>Peter,perhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.

A.isB.areC.wereD.seems

16^Layingeggstheantqueen'sfull-timejob.A.isB.areC.hasD.have

17、Betweenthetwobuildingsamonument.

A.standB.standsC.standingD.isstanding

18、I,whoyourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.A.amB.isC.areD.was

19、TheUnitedNationsin1945.

A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundedD.wasfound

20、werealsoinvitedtotheparty.

A.MrSmithB.TheSmithC.TheSmithsD.Smiths

21、Theglassworksin1959.

A.weresetupB.wassetupC.wereputupD.werebuilt

22>Threehourswithyourgirlfriendtobeashorttime.

A.seemB.seemsC.isseemingD.hasseemed

23、Itwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.

A.waskilledB.werekilledC.waskillingD.hadkilled

24Thepoliceaprisoner.

A.issearchingforB.aresearchingfbrC.issearchingD.aresearchedfor

25、Deerfasterthandogs.

A.runB.runsC.arerunningD.willrun

26Thewoundedgoodcareofherenow.

A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.istaking

27、Thewholeclassgreatlymovedathiswords.

A.wasB.wereC.hadD.is

28Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.A.wasB.isC.areD.willbe

29、Thereaknifeandforkonthetabic.

A.seemstobeB.seemtobeC.isseemingtobeD.are

30、Thosewhosingingmayjoinus.

A.arelikingB.likesC.enjoyD.isfondof

31、Hisfamilymusiclovers.

A.allareB.areallC.isD.arebeing

32、Aprofessorandawriterpresentatthemeeting.

A.wasB.isC.wereD.hadbeen

33、Thepairofshoeswornout.

A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen

34ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.

A.haveB.hasC.hadD.arehaving

35、Morethanoneanswertothequestion.

A.havebeengivenB.hasbeengivenC.weregivenD.hadgiven

36Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswhofromthecountrysideinourschool.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

37、Ourfamilyahappyone.A.isB.areC.wasD.were

38、Mostofthemistakesbecauseofcarelessness.

A.weremadeB.aremadeC.hasbeenmadeD.weremaking

39、Mostofhistimeinreadingnovels.

A.arespentB.isspentC.werespentD.wasspending

40、Therestofthenovelveryinteresting.A.wereB.arcC.isD.seem

41>Iknowthatallgettingonwellwithher.A.wasB.isC.areD.were

42、Whenandwherethistookplacestillunknown.

A.areB.wereC.isD.has

43、Notonlytheworkersbutalsothemachinenotthere.

A.areB.wereC.isD.has

44、Veryfew________hisaddressinthetown.

A.knowsB.knowC.areknowingD.hasknown

45Tenthousanddollars____________alargesumofmoney.

A.areB.isC.wereD.seem

46>Twentymiles.alongwaytocover.

A.wereB.areC.isD.seemtobe

47、Nineplusthreetwelve.

A.makesB.makeC.ismakingD.aremaking

48Therearetworoadsandeithertothestation.

A.leadsB.leadC.areleadingD.isleading

49、Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,therealready.

A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.willbe

50、MyfamilyaswellasIgladtoseeyou.

A.amB.areC.isD.was

四、虚拟语气

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句2、名词性虚拟语气3、虚拟语气的其他用语

一、虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。条件从句与过去、现在、将来的事实不一致。

1、过去：If主语+had+P.P,主语+should(could,should,would,might)+have+P.P,如：

Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.

2、现在：If主语+过去时(was/were/did),主语+should(could…)4-do,如：

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.

If主语+should]4H

3、将来：/was/werc/did+do>主语+should(could4-do

wereto

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.

注意问题：

1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即:主句可能是现在，条件句也许是过去,

但都符合上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果把were,had,should提前，可省去if,如：

Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：

生语+(should)+do,(注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等)。

如：MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o'clock.(宾语从句)

Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.

Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.(主语从句)

Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(同位语从句)

Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.(表语从句)

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：

1、wish后的宾语从句：

与现在愿望不一致主语+过去时IwishIwereyou.

与过去愿望不一致主语+had+P.PIwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.

与未来愿望不一致主语+would(could)+doIwishImetyoutomorrowattheparty.

2、Ifstime句型：当It'stime后用Ihat从句时应该为：主语+should+do或主语+过去时,例如：

It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.或It'stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.

3、"only引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish+宾语从句"Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。

IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。

4、wouldrather,asif(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去用过去完成时，表示现在与将来用过去时，如:

I'dratheryouposted