2024-2025学年河南省许昌市部分学校高二上学期期中模拟测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省许昌市部分学校2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟测试英语试题第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJoinaZionNationalParkranger(护林人)tolearnaboutwhatmakesZionNationalParkunique.Programsarefreeandcreatedforclassroomsandindividuals.Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.Registrationisopen!Clickontheprogrambelowformoreinformation.Program1—ChatwithaRangerInChatwithaRanger,studentslearnaboutZionNationalPark,theparkservice,andthelifeofaranger.Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.Thisprogramcanbeadaptedtofitdifferentcurriculumobjectives,andisappropriateforanyagegroup.Program2—PollinationInvestigationInthisdistancelearningprogram,studentswilldiscoverwhatpollinationisandhowimportantitistoallecosystems.Lookingattherelationshipbetweenplantsandpollinators,participantswillseehowtheyhaveinfluencedeachotherandwillbechallengedtocreatetheirownperfectpollinator.Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?WholeftthesecluesbehindhereinthehighcanyonsofZionNationalPark?Afeather,smallbones,andhoothootinginthetreescanbeheardasyourclassroomgoesonavirtualhikeofZiontodiscovertheMexicanspottedowl.Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.Program4—TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZionThisdistancelearningprogramfocusesontheplantsandanimalsthatliveinZion’svaryingecosystems.Studentswilllearnabouttheiradaptationsandrelationshipstoeachotherinthisinteractivelessonwithacreativeandcriticalthinkingactivity.1.Whichprogramrequiresparticipantstomakepreparationsinadvance?A.ChatwithaRanger. B.PollinationInvestigation.C.Whooo’sintheCanyon? D.TheForests,Wetlands,andDesertsofZion.2.Whatcanparticipantslearnfromprogram3?A.Survivalstrategiestakenbyowlsinthepark. B.Waystoprepareahiketourinthepark.C.Threatsbroughtbythedesertenvironment. D.AvarietyofecosystemsinZionNationalPark.3.Whatdothelistedprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolveinteractiveactivities.B.Theyincludeavirtualtourofdifferenttrails.C.Theyareaccessiblethroughweb-basedprogram.D.Theyrequireparticipantstovisittheparkinperson.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可用于了解ZionNationalPark的学习项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Program1—ChatwithaRanger部分“Studentsprepareandsendquestionsaheadoftime.(学生提前准备并发送问题。)”可知,该项目要求参与者提前准备问题，故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Program3—Whooo’sintheCanyon?部分“Learnitabouthowtheowlusesitsspecialadaptationstosurviveinthisdesertenvironment.(了解猫头鹰是如何用它特殊的适应能力在沙漠环境中生存的。)”可知,参与者在第三个项目中能了解到猫头鹰的生存策略，故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Weconnecttoyourschoolorhomethroughafreeweb-basedprogram.Youwillbeprovidedwithalinktothevideoconferenceaheadoftimeviaanemailinvite.(我们通过免费的网络程序连接到您学校或者您家。您将通过电子邮件邀请提前获得视频会议的链接。)”可知,这四个项目可从网络程序中获取。故选C。BOnahotJunedayin2015,Iretiredafter34yearsofteachinghighschool.Then,Idrovetomeetmynewpianoteacher,Mark.IhadworkedformorethanthreedecadesasabusyEnglishteacherwithanendlessstreamofpaperstomarkandpreciouslittletimetoexperimentorlearnnewskills.IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.ItoldMarkIhadaspecificconcretegoal:toplayClairdelunebyClaudeDebussy,apieceIrememberhearingfromearlychildhood.DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.Afterthat,myprogresswaspainfullyslow.Ihadcometohatehearingmyselfplaymusicbadly.Igotnopleasurefromtheactofmissingnotes.IbeganfocusingonwhatfewthingsIcoulddo:gardeningandcycling.IcametounderstandthatIdidn’thavetobethatmanI’dalwaysthoughtIoughttobe.Icouldjustdowhatfeelsgood.So,afternearlyfiveyearsoflessons,Iquit.Istilllovemusic;Iregularlygoouttoconcerts.Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.AndI’mperfectlyhappywiththat.4.Whydidtheauthorlearnthepianoafterretiringfromteaching?A.Toimpresshisfriendsandrelatives. B.Toavoidtheboredomofretirement.C.Tostartanewcareerasaconcertpianist. D.Topursuealong-timepassionformusic.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Theauthorattendedaconcertofpianomusic.B.Theauthorperformedsuccessfullydespiteafewerrors.C.Theauthorfeltembarrassedabouthispianoperformance.D.Theauthorquithispianoimmediatelyafterhis60thbirthday.6.Whatdoestheauthordowithhispianonow?A.Heusesitformusiclessons. B.Heusesitforperformance.C.Heusesitforsomethingunrelatedtomusic. D.Heplaysitforpersonalenjoymentoccasionally.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Inner-directedandhardworking. B.Conventionalandcareless.C.Ambitiousandkind-hearted. D.Lazyandpessimistic.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从最初对钢琴技艺的执着追求，到随后的放下，最终在园艺和骑行中获得满足的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我决心弥补我所失去的一切。我想最终掌握钢琴，学习如何制作音乐)”可知，作者在退休后学习钢琴是为了追求对音乐的长期热爱。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“DeterminedthattherewouldbeadaywhenIwouldtotallymasterthispiece,Isetmyselfadeadline:Iwouldperformbeforeagatheringoffriendsonmy60thbirthday.FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.Whenthedaycame,around30friendsandrelativescrowdedintomydiningroomtohearmeplay,andasidefromafewminorslips,Imanagedtopullitoffwithoutembarrassingmyself.Peopleclappedwarmly.Imadeit.Ihadrisentoachallenge,butIstilldidn’tfeelthatIwasreally“makingmusic”.(我下定决心，总有一天我能完全掌握这首曲子，于是给自己定了一个最后期限：在我60岁生日那天，我要在一群朋友的聚会上表演。几个月来，我除了拼命练习什么也没做。那天，大约有30个亲戚朋友挤在我的餐厅里听我演奏，除了一些小失误外，我设法做到了，没有让自己尴尬。人们热烈鼓掌。我做到了。我已经接受了挑战，但我仍然不觉得我真的在“做音乐”)”可知，尽管有一些小的失误，作者仍出色地完成了表演。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butnowmypianodoesnothingmorethansitsilentlyinmydiningroom,displayingfamilyphotosandcollectingdust.(但现在，我的钢琴除了静静地坐在我的餐厅里，展示家庭照片和收集灰尘之外，什么也不做)”可知，作者的钢琴现在被放在餐厅里，积满了灰尘。即作者用钢琴做了一些与音乐无关的事情。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“IwasdeterminedtomakeupforallIhadbeenmissing.Iwantedtofinallymasterthepianoandlearnhowtomakemusic.(我决心弥补我所失去的一切。我想最终掌握钢琴，学习如何制作音乐)”以及第四段“FormonthsIdidnothingbutfuriously(猛烈地)practise.(几个月来，我除了拼命练习什么也没做)”可知，作者是一个有决心且努力奋进的人。故选A。CWhenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻类)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.ThenewfindingswerepublishedinScienceAdvancesonJuly17,2024.TheteamshowedthatthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium,whichisfoundinoceansaroundtheworld,regularlyperformsamixofbothphotosynthesisanddirecteatingofcarbonfromorganicsourcessuchasplankton(浮游生物).Inmorethan70%ofthewatersamplestheresearchersanalyzedfromoceansaroundtheworld,theteamfoundsignsofsimultaneousphotosynthesisanddirectorganiccarbonconsumptionfromCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteamalsoshowedthatthisdiatomspeciescangrowmuchfasterwhenconsumingorganiccarboninadditiontophotosynthesis.Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.Thisworkisbasedonagenome-scalemetabolicmodelingapproachthattheteamusedtorevealthemetabolismofthediatomCylindrothecaclosterium.Theteam’snewmetabolicmodelingdatasupportrecentlabexperimentssuggestingthatsomediatomsmayrelyonstrategiesotherthanphotosynthesistointakethecarbontheyneedtosurvive,thriveandbuildbiomass.TheUCSanDiegoledteamisintheprocessofexpandingthescopeoftheprojecttodeterminehowwidespreadthisnon-photosyntheticactivityisamongotherdiatomspecies.8.What’snewaccordingtotheresearch?A.Thewayofthediatom’scarbonaccumulation. B.Theimpactofclimateondiverseseaplants.C.Theprocedureofexploringcarbon. D.Thesystemofbuildingbiomass.9.Whatdothenewfindingsmakeresearchersmorefocuson?A.Thecausesofclimatechange. B.Thegraspofthecarboncycle.C.Thebadeffectofphotosynthesisondiatoms. D.Aroughestimateoftheamountofcarbondioxide.10.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?A.Alargenumberofdiatomsmayfeedonbacteria.B.Thediatomlivesonplankton.C.Watersamplesarekeyfactorsfortheresearch.D.Diatomspeciesgrowfasterwithsufficientsunlight.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PhotosynthesisinDiatoms B.Plankton’sRoleinOceansC.NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms D.AdvancesinModelingData【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新的研究发现——海洋硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳，还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻类)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(当谈到生活在海洋中的硅藻时，新的研究表明光合作用并不是积累碳的唯一策略。相反，这些单细胞生物也通过直接以海洋中的有机碳为食来产生生物量。)”可知，新研究发现海洋硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳，还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。这说明硅藻积累碳的方式是新的发现。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesenewfindingscouldleadresearcherstoreducetheirestimateofhowmuchcarbondioxidediatomspulloutoftheairviaphotosynthesis,whichinturn,couldtakeamuchcloserlookattheunderstandingoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichisespeciallyrelevantgiventhechangingclimate.

(这些新发现可能会导致研究人员减少他们对硅藻通过光合作用从空气中吸收多少二氧化碳的估计，这反过来又可以更深入地了解全球碳循环，这与气候变化尤其相关。)”可知，这些新发现可能会导致研究人员减少他们对硅藻通过光合作用从空气中吸收二氧化碳量的估计，转而更加关注全球碳循环的理解。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Furthermore,thenewresearchhintedatthepossibilitythatspecificspeciesofbacteriaarefeedingorganiccarbondirectlytoalargepercentageofthesediatomslivingallacrosstheglobalocean.(此外，这项新的研究暗示了一种可能性，即特定种类的细菌直接为生活在全球海洋中的大部分硅藻提供有机碳)”可知，大量的硅藻可能以细菌为食。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whenitcomestodiatoms(硅藻类)thatliveintheocean,newresearchsuggeststhatphotosynthesis(光合作用)isnottheonlystrategyforaccumulatingcarbon.Instead,thesesingle-celledarealsobuildingbiomassbyfeedingdirectlyonorganiccarbonintheocean.(当谈到生活在海洋中的硅藻时，新的研究表明光合作用并不是积累碳的唯一策略。相反，这些单细胞生物也通过直接以海洋中的有机碳为食来产生生物量。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了硅藻在积累碳方面新的发现，即硅藻不仅通过光合作用积累碳，还通过直接摄取海水中的有机碳来构建生物量。这是硅藻在碳积累方面的新策略，因此最适合的标题是C选项“NewCarbonStrategiesinDiatoms(硅藻中的新碳策略)”。故选C。DAccordingtoareportin2023,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendedthatnon-sugarsweetenersnotbeusedasameansofachievingweightcontrolorreducingtheriskofdiseases.Theguidelinecameasasurprise.Afterall,theverypurposeofnon-sugarsweeteners-whichcontainlittletonocalories—istohelpconsumerscontroltheirweightandreducetheirriskofdiseasebyreplacingsugar.Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.Randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)telladifferentstoryaboutnon-sugarsweeteners.Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect.Theyshowthatsweetenersmodestlybenefitweightlossandhelpcontrolbloodsugar,withoutthenegativeeffectsseeninobservationalresearch.ThedownsideofRCTsisthattheyareshorterinduration,oftenlastingjustafewmonths.Sonegativeeffectscouldappearafterlongeruseandwewouldn’tbeabletotellfromtheseRCTs.Butwealsocan’ttellfromobservationalstudies,whichonlymeasurecorrelationandnotcausality(因果关系).Changingthecurrentsituationmightbehard,though.RCTsareexpensiveandrequirerecruitingparticipants,settingupdietplans,andregularlymeasuringsubjects’healthoutcomes.Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.12.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“fendoff”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Putout. B.Defendagainst. C.Keepup. D.Counton.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheWHO’ssuggestionsonobservationalstudies.B.Thestrategiestodecidecauseandeffectinconductingstudies.C.Thesignificanceofcontrollingvariablesinobservationalstudies.D.ThelimitationsoftheobservationalstudiesintheWHOreport.14.WhatisafeatureofRCTsaccordingtothetext?A.Theycostlittle. B.Theytendtolastlong.C.Theycancontrolvariablesanddeterminecausality. D.Theyrequireparticipantstoself-reportrelateddata.15.HowshouldthegovernmenthelpRCTs?A.Bymakingappropriateplans. B.Byprovidingfinancialsupport.C.Byraisingpeople’sawarenessofhealth. D.Byfoundingmorerelatedgovernmentagencies.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】本文的体裁是一篇说明文。它主要解释了世界卫生组织（WHO）关于非糖甜味剂使用的推荐，并详细分析了支持这一推荐的研究证据和现有研究的局限性。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Initsreport,theWHOcitedevidencethatlong-termuseofnon-sugarsweetenersisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)anddeath.Howisitthatnon-sugarsweetenersarelinkedtothenegativehealtheffectsthey’resupposedtofendoff?(在报告中，世界卫生组织引用了长期使用非糖甜味剂与糖尿病和死亡风险增加有关的证据。非糖甜味剂是如何与它们本应fendoff的负面健康影响联系在一起的？)”可知，非糖甜味剂与糖尿病和增加死亡风险有关，即它们本应“防御”的负面健康影响有关，这里的fendoff应理解为“防御，抵挡”或“对抗”。A.Putout扑灭；B.Defendagainst防御，抵抗；C.Keepup跟上，赶上；D.Counton指望，依靠。故选B。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“TheWHOmadeitsrecommendationafterreviewinghundredsofpublishedstudies.Theproblemisthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesestudiesareobservational.Insuchstudies,subjectstendtoself-reporttheirfoodintake,whichmightnotguaranteeinaccuracy.Moreimportantly,observationalstudiescannotdeterminecauseandeffect.Arenon-sugarsweetenerscausingdiabetes,orarepeopleatriskofdiabetessimplymorelikelytoconsumethem?Lastly,therearenumerousvariablesthatresearcherscan’tpossiblycontrolforinthesestudiesthatcouldinfluencetheresults.(世卫组织在审查了数百项已发表的研究后提出了这一建议。问题是这些研究绝大多数是观察性的。在这样的研究中，受试者倾向于自我报告他们的食物摄入量，这可能不能保证不准确。更重要的是，观察性研究不能确定因果关系。是无糖甜味剂导致糖尿病，还是有患糖尿病风险的人更容易食用它们？最后，在这些研究中，有许多研究人员无法控制的变量可能会影响结果。)”可知，这一段主要讲述了WHO报告中观察性研究的局限性，包括自报告数据不准确的问题和无法确定因果关系的问题，故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thesestudiescontrolforvariablesbyrandomlyassigningpeopletoeitheratreatmentorcontrolgroup,andtheycandeterminecauseandeffect(这些研究通过将人们随机分配到治疗组或对照组来控制变量，他们可以确定因果关系。他们表明，甜味剂对减肥有一定的好处，有助于控制血糖，没有观察性研究中看到的负面影响。随机对照试验的缺点是持续时间较短，通常只持续几个月。)”可知，RCTs能够控制变量并确定因果关系，故选C。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Forchangetohappen,itmightneedtostartatthetop,wherescienceisfundedGovernmentagencies,whichappropriatebillionsforresearch,shouldstartprioritizingRCTs.(要想发生改变，可能需要从最高层开始，那里的科学是由政府机构资助的，它们为研究拨款数十亿美元，应该开始优先考虑RCTs。)”可知，政府应该通过提供财政支持来帮助RCTs，故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tomakescience’sstoriesmoreconcreteandengaging,it’simportanttousesomeeffectivestrategies.Herearefourofthem.PutpeopleinthestoryScience’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.___16___.Characterscanbealsopeopleaffectedbyascientifictopic,orinterestedinlearningmoreaboutit.Besides,theycanbestorytellerswhoaresharingtheirpersonalexperiences.___17___Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏见).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.___18___.Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.IncludewhatpeoplecareaboutScientifictopicsareimportant,buttheymaynotalwaysbethepublic’smostpressingconcerns.InApril2024,apollingcompanyfoundthat“thequalityoftheenvironment”wasoneofthelowest-rankedprioritiesamongpeopleintheUS.Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.___19___.Tellscience’sstoriesScientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.___20___.Thinkaboutallofastory’scharacteristics—character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent-andhowyoumightincorporatethemintothetopic.A.ExplainscienceasaprocessB.ShootattractiveshortsciencevideosC.ScientiststhemselvescanactuallybecomeidealonesD.ThispracticeistostresswhythecontentisimportantE.YoucantellgrowthstoriesofremarkableteenagescientistsF.SciencecommunicatorscanemphasizehowscienceisconductedG.Youmayaswellborrowfeaturesfromstoriestostrengthenyourmessage【答案】16.C17.A18.F19.D20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种使科学故事更具体且引人入胜的策略。【16题详析】上文“Science’sstoriesoftenlackhumancharacters.(科学的故事往往缺乏人物角色。)”说明科学的故事缺乏人物角色。空处顺接上文，应介绍科学故事中的人物可以是谁。C项中的idealones指代前文中的humancharacters，说明C项“科学家本身可以成为理想的人物角色”，符合语境。故选C。【17题详析】下文“Peopleoftenthinkofscienceasobjectiveandfair.Butscienceisactuallyahumanpracticethatcontinuouslyinvolveschoices,misstepsandbiases(偏见).Ifyouexplainscienceasacourse,youcanwalkpeoplethroughthesequenceofhowscienceisdoneandwhyresearchersreachcertainconclusions.(人们通常认为科学是客观和公正的。但实际上，科学是一种不断涉及选择、失误和偏见的人类活动。如果你把科学解释为一个过程，你可以带领人们了解科学研究的步骤以及研究人员为何会得出特定的结论。)”说明本段主要介绍了如果把科学解释成一个过程，你可以带领人们了解科学是如何进行的。A项“将科学解释为一个过程。”适合作本段的主旨句，统领全段。故选A。【18题详析】下文“Andtheycanalsostressthereasonwhypeopleshouldtrustthecourseofsciencetoprovidethemostaccurateconclusionspossiblegiventheavailableinformation.(他们还可以强调为什么人们应该信任科学的过程，因为这一过程能够在现有信息的基础上提供尽可能准确的结论。)”说明科学传播者可以让人们信任科学的过程。空处和下文并列说出科学传播者的作用。下文中的they指代F项中的Sciencecommunicators，说明科学传播者可以强调科学是如何进行的，也可以强调为什么人们应该信任科学的过程。所以F项“科学传播者可以强调科学是如何进行的”符合语境。故选F。【19题详析】上文“Thestoriesabouttheenvironmentcouldweaveinconnectionstohigher-prioritytopics.(关于环境的故事可能会与更高优先级的话题交织在一起。)”说明关于环境的故事可以与更高优先级的主题联系起来。空处指出这样的目的。D项中的“Thispractice”指代前文中的“将环境故事与更高优先级主题联系起来”这一做法，说明D项“这样做是为了强调内容的重要性。”符合语境。故选D。【20题详析】上文“Scientists,ofcourse,canbesciencecommunicators,buteveryonecantellscience’sstories.Whenweshareinformationonlineabouthealth,ortalktofriendsandfamilyabouttheweather,wecontributetoinformationthatcirculatesaboutsciencetopics.(当然，科学家可以成为科学传播者，但每个人都可以讲述科学的故事。当我们在网上分享有关健康的信息，或与朋友和家人谈论天气时，我们为传播有关科学主题的信息做出了贡献。)”说明我们每个人通过分享日常生活中的信息，都可以成为科学传播者。空处顺接前文，引出下文，指出如何做来强化信息的传递。G项中的“borrowfeaturesfromstories”和下文中的“astory’scharacteristics-character,action,sequence,scope,storytellerandcontent”相呼应，所以G项“你也不妨借用故事的特点来加强你的信息”符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2018,MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.Shewas___21___.Inthefirstseveralweeksafterhispassing,herfriendsandfamily___22___agreatdealofsupport.Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto___23___.“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal___24___.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff,”Bakerrecalled.ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto___25___thehelpforanentireyear.Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.Vailgatheredthenamesof31ofBaker’sfriendswhowantedtohelp,and___26___eachfriendaparticularday.VailalsogaveBakerthenamesonthe___27___,soBakercouldknowwhatto___28___eachday.“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome___29___ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”Bakersaid.Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s____30____wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath,becauseshewas____31____atthattime.“Alotofpeoplearereallyuncomfortablearound____32____,”Bakersaid.“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,thatthey____33____donothing.Itwasnicetohavethat‘CalendarGirls’setup.”Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough____34____.Inhardtimes,sheknowshow____35____itistohavesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.21.A.cautious B.unconscious C.desperate D.impassive22.A.extended B.demanded C.announced D.assumed23.A.passdown B.showup C.breakup D.slowdown24.A.exercise B.routine C.diet D.growth25.A.resist B.continue C.explain D.test26.A.ordered B.sent C.owed D.assigned27.A.furniture B.file C.calendar D.Internet28.A.expect B.absorb C.propose D.define29.A.rare B.strange C.specific D.generous30.A.curiosity B.thoughtfulness C.ambition D.toughness31.A.innocent B.optimistic C.tolerant D.lonely32.A.panic B.evidence C.failure D.grief33.A.simply B.hardly C.skillfully D.secretly34.A.distraction B.addiction C.loss D.annoyance35.A.amusing B.valuable C.astonishing D.universal【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.C30.B31.D32.D33.A34.C35.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2018年3月，MollyBaker在一次滑雪事故中失去了丈夫，为了继续帮助她，Baker的朋友CarlaVail想出了一个办法，帮她度过了艰难的一年。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：MollyBaker在2018年因为一场严重的滑雪事故不幸失去了她的丈夫。她当时很绝望。A.cautious谨慎的；B.unconscious无意识的；C.desperate绝望的；D.impassive冷漠的。根据上文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此一定非常绝望。故选C项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他去世后的头几周，她的朋友和家人给予了她很大的支持。A.extended延伸，提供，表示；B.demanded要求；C.announced宣布；D.assumed认为。根据前文“MollyBakerunfortunatelylostherhusbandinasevereskiingaccident.”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，因此家人和朋友提供了很大的支持。extendsupport意为“提供帮助”。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但过了一段时间，卡片和饭菜开始减少了。A.passdown传下来；B.showup出现；C.breakup分手；D.slowdown减速，减少。根据下文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.”可知，人们要回归正常生活，所以给MollyBaker的帮助就减少了。故选D项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们必须回归他们正常的日常生活。A.exercise练习；B.routine常规；C.diet饮食；D.growth生长。根据上文“Butafterawhile,thecardsandmealsstartedto______.”可知，过了一段时间，卡片和饭菜开始减少了，是因为人们要回归他们正常的日常生活。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Baker的一位朋友CarlaVail想出了一个办法，让这种帮助持续整整一年。A.resist抵抗；B.continue继续；C.explain解释；D.test测试。根据下文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一个办法，让这种帮助持续整整一年，并称之为“日历女孩”。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vail收集了31个想要帮忙的Baker的朋友的名字，并给每个朋友分配了一个特定的日期。A.ordered命令；B.sent发送；C.owed欠（债等）；D.assigned分配。根据下文“eachfriendaparticularday”可知，Vail给每个朋友分配了一个特定的日期。故选D项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Vail还把名字写在日历上，这样Baker就可以知道每天该期待什么了。A.furniture家具；B.file文件；C.calendar日历；D.Internet因特网。根据上文“Shecalleditthe“CalendarGirls”.”以及下文“soBakercouldknowwhatto______eachday.”可知，Vail称之为“日历女孩”，故指还把名字写在日历上。故选C项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.expect期望；B.absorb吸收；C.propose建议；D.define定义。根据下文“Andwhatthatlookedlikeforthemwasthatonthatday,theywouldreachouttomeinsome______ways—maybeviatext,oracard,”可知，MollyBaker可以在那一天以特定的方式收到卡片或者短信，因此MollyBaker可以根据日历知道每天该期待什么。故选A项。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“对他们来说，那一天的样子就是他们会以某种特定的方式联系我——也许是通过短信或贺卡，”Baker说。A.rare稀有的；B.strange奇怪的；C.specific特定的；D.generous慷慨的。根据下文的解释“—maybeviatext,oracard”可知，MollyBaker的朋友们会以特定的方式联系她，比如发短信或者寄贺卡。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，Baker觉得Vail的体贴对她应对丈夫的去世至关重要，因为那时她很孤独。A.curiosity好奇心；B.thoughtfulness体贴；C.ambition雄心；D.toughness坚韧。根据上文“ThatwaswhenoneofBaker’sfriends,CarlaVail,thoughtupawayto______thehelpforanentireyear.”可知，CarlaVail想出了一个办法，让这种帮助持续整整一年，所以Baker觉得Vail的体贴对她应对丈夫的去世至关重要。故选B项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.innocent无辜的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.tolerant宽容的；D.lonely孤独的。根据上文“Peoplehadtogetbacktotheirnormal______.Andsothingskindofdroppedoff”可知，当MollyBaker的朋友都回归自己的生活时，她很孤独。故选D项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“很多人在悲伤面前真的很不舒服，”Baker说。A.panic恐慌；B.evidence证据；C.failure失败；D.grief悲伤。根据上文“Lookingback,BakerfeelsthatVail’s______wasessentialtohelpinghercopewithherhusband’sdeath”可知，MollyBaker失去了她的丈夫，所以她的朋友们面对的是她的悲伤。故选D项。【33题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“所以他们所做的就是什么都不做。拥有’日历女孩’这个设置很好。”A.simply简单地；B.hardly几乎不；C.skillfully熟练地；D.secretly秘密地。根据上文“Sowhattheydois,insteadofdoingsomething,”可知，很多人在悲伤面前真的很不舒服，所以他们只是什么都不做。故选A项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，Baker试图为她那些经历失去的朋友做一些类似的事情。A.distraction分心；B.addiction上瘾；C.loss损失；D.annoyance烦恼。根据空前“Today,Bakertriestodosomethingsimilarforherfriendsgoingthrough”可知，MollyBaker现在会做类似的事来帮助那些与她同样经历失去的朋友。故选C项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在艰难的时刻，她知道每天都能有事情可期待是多么有价值。A.amusing有趣的；B.valuable有价值的；C.astonishing令人惊讶的；D.universal普遍的。根据下文“havesomethingtolookforwardtoeveryday.”可知，在艰难的时刻，每天都能有事情可期待是有价值的。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____36____wo