2023-2024学年河南省中州联盟高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省中州联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Writealist.B.Getthemap.C.Waitfortheman.2.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hecuthisfoot.B.Heforgothisnotes.C.Hefoughtwithhisfriends.3.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Dohousework.B.Collectthekids.C.Drivehertothestation.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ajobchoice.B.Topcompanies.C.Workexperience.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Husbandandwife.7.WhatdoesthemansuggestbuyingforLily?A.Apairofshorts.B.Apairofsportsshoes.C.Apairofrunningsocks.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howisthewomanfeelingthesedays?A.Excited.B.Stressful.C.Relaxed.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Haveregularbreaks.B.Keepahealthydiet.C.Domorework.10.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’sidea?A.Positive.B.Unconcerned.C.Doubtful.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthemanlikedoinginhisfreetime?A.Observingclouds.B.Watchingbirds.C.Listeningtosongs.12.Whatisthebestwaytoclearhismindaccordingtotheman?A.Singingsongs.B.Pickingupleaves.C.Walkinginnature.13.Whatdoesthewomanagreetodowiththeman?A.Takephotos.B.Gohiking.C.Planttrees.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher.B.Adirector.C.Ahost.15.WhichyearofseniorhighschoolisAnnainnow?A.Thefirstyear.B.Thesecondyear.C.Thethirdyear.16.WhatdidAnnaandherfriendsdiscusswiththeirteacher?A.Whentomeetfortheclub.B.Wheretoruntheclub.C.Howtofindfilms.17.WhatisthemostinterestingthingforAnna?A.Watchingfilms.B.Discussingfilms.C.Buyingfilms.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.InhowmanydayshasErchanarun150marathons?A.150.B.160.C.320.19.WhydidErchanarunthemarathons?A.Toincreaseawarenessoftheriskofextinction.B.Toraisemoneyforhomelessanimals.C.Towinagoldmedalforhercountry.20.WhatcanwelearnaboutErchana?A.Sheishonest.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisdetermined.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFromMilantoRiyadh,theseculture-packedcitiesoffercreativeexperiences,whetherthroughinterestingstreetarts,innovativeexhibitionsoraward-winningarchitectures.MilanMilan’sfashionheritagedatesbacktoitsdaysasanimportanttradingcenter,whenrichbusinessmenwouldbringluxuriousclothestothecityandimprovetheirbartering(以物易物)skillsinitsstreets.Thearea’sfashion-forwardreputationwaslaterstrengthenedbydesignmasterssuchasGiorgioArmani,Dolce&GabbanaandVersace,allofwhomgrewtheirbrandshere.ShanghaiShanghaihasalonghistoryinthefieldsofartandarchitecture,andhaslongattractedcreativeprofessionalsbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Buttoday,theintegrationoftraditionaltemplesintothesurroundingmodernmetropolis(大都市)continuestoattracttourists.BeginwithawanderthroughthestreetsoftheoriginalOldCity,takinginthe600-year-oldCityGodTempleandthenine-bendJiuQuQiao.Then,makefortheShanghaiMuseum,wheremorethanamillionartifacts—includingancientsculptures,chinaandcalligraphy—areondisplay.CopenhagenCopenhagen’sarchitecturehasbeenawardedmanyhonorsovertheyears,includingUNESCOWorldCapitalofArchitecture2023.Today,manyofthecity’smostpopulartourroutescentreontheseeye-catchingaspects.Theharbour-frontCopenhagenOperaHousepresentsaneo-futuristicstylewhiletheBlackDiamondRoyalLibraryandtheBicycleBridgedottheskylinewiththeirdistinctivedesigns.RiyadhSaudiArabia’slargestcityRiyadhhasactivelypositioneditselfasaglobaldestinationforcreativetravellersandtothisend,ithasestablishedtheRiyadhArtinitiative.Thefirstpublicartprojectofitskindinthecountry,RiyadhArtaimstotransformthecityintoa“gallerywithoutwalls”throughpublicartinstallations,festivalsandworkshops.1.WhatisMilanfamousfor?A.Itsfestivals. B.Itsfashionproducts. C.Itsarchitecture. D.Itsmodernart.2.WherewillyougoifyouwanttovisittheBicycleBridge?A.Copenhagen. B.Shanghai. C.Milan. D.Riyadh.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRiyadh?A.ItisSaudiArabia’ssecondlargestcity. B.Ithasalotofgallerieswithoutwalls.C.Itaimstoattractcreativevisitors. D.ItplanstosetuptheRiyadhArtinitiative.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个独具特色建筑的城市。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Milan”下文中的“Milan’sfashionheritagedatesbacktoitsdaysasanimportanttradingcenter,whenrichbusinessmenwouldbringluxuriousclothestothecityandimprovetheirbartering(以物易物)skillsinitsstreets.Thearea’sfashion-forwardreputationwaslaterstrengthenedbydesignmasterssuchasGiorgioArmani,Dolce&GabbanaandVersace,allofwhomgrewtheirbrandshere.”（米兰的时尚遗产可以追溯到它作为一个重要的贸易中心的时代，当时富有的商人会把奢侈的衣服带到这座城市，并在街头提高他们的物物交换技能。后来，乔治·阿玛尼（GiorgioArmani）、杜嘉班纳（Dolce&Gabbana）和范思哲（Dolce&Gabbana）等设计大师在这里创立了自己的品牌，进一步巩固了该地区的时尚前沿声誉。）可知，Milan以其时尚产业而闻名，许多设计大师在这里创立了自己的品牌，进一步巩固了该地区的时尚前沿声誉。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“Copenhagen”下文中“Theharbour-frontCopenhagenOperaHousepresentsaneo-futuristicstylewhiletheBlackDiamondRoyalLibraryandtheBicycleBridgedottheskylinewiththeirdistinctivedesigns.”（海港前的哥本哈根歌剧院呈现出新未来主义风格，而黑钻石皇家图书馆（BlackDiamondRoyalLibrary）和自行车桥（BicycleBridge）则以其独特的设计点缀在天际线上。）可知，如果想要参观BicycleBridge可以去Copenhagen。故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据“Riyadh”下文中“SaudiArabia’slargestcityRiyadhhasactivelypositioneditselfasaglobaldestinationforcreativetravellersandtothisend,ithasestablishedtheRiyadhArtinitiative.”（沙特阿拉伯最大的城市利雅得积极地将自己定位为创意旅行者的全球目的地，为此，它建立了利雅得艺术倡议。）可推知，利雅得希望能吸引全球的创意旅行者。故选C。BEstefaníaRebellónwasonceamigrant(流动的)child.Shewas10whenherfamilyfledCali,Colombia,becauseofdeaththreatstoherfather,whohadbeenforcedintohiding.TheysettledinMiami.Despitethechallengesshefacedasamigrantchild,shewasluckytohaveteacherswhoadvocatedforherandguidedheralongtheway.RebellónmovedfromMiamitoLosAngeleswhenshewas21topursueanactingcareer.In2018,shewassomovedaftervolunteeringinmigrantcampsinTijuanathatsheputhercareeronhold.“Therewerenoschoolssetuptohelpthesekids.Theywerewalkingaroundthecampsbarefoot,”shesaid.RebellónandherpartnerKyleSchmidtusedabout$1,000oftheirsavingstobuytentsandsuppliesandsetupamakeshift(临时的)schoolattheborder.Theyenlistedvolunteerteacherstoprovidelearningopportunitiesinthecamps.Inthemonthsthatfollowed,whenthosefamilieslivinginthecampsweremovedtoshelters,RebellónandSchmidtwantedtocontinueofferingeducationalservices.“Ithought,‘Whydon’tweturnabusintoamobileclassroom,andwecouldtakeittoallthedifferentshelters?’”Rebellónsaid.Overthenextyear,RebellónandSchmidtboughtandtransformedabus,partneredwithshelters,anddrovethebusovertheborder.In2019,sheco-foundedtheYesWeCanWorldFoundation,anonprofitorganizationthatbelieveseverychildhastherighttoeducationandsafespacesregardlessoftheirlocation,currentlegalstatusoreconomicbackground.Rebellón’sorganizationhiresprofessionalteachersandtailorstheircurriculum(课程)tothespecificneedsofeachstudent.“TheprogramhasbeenofficiallyapprovedbytheeducationsecretaryinMexicoandserveschildrenaged3to15—acrucialperiodforeducation,”Rebellónsaid.Today,theYesWeCanWorldFoundationeducates250—300kidsadaythroughitsfourschoollocationsalongtheborderandthreemobileschoolbuses.“Since2019,thegrouphasservedmorethan3,100migrantchildrenfrom10countries,”Rebellónsaid.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutRebellónfromthefirstparagraph?A.Shereceiveddeaththreats. B.Herteachershelpedheralot.C.Shewasforcedintohiding. D.Heractingcareerbeganearly.5.WhatdidRebellónrealizewhilevolunteeringinmigrantcamps?A.Sheshouldvalueherhard-wonlife.B.Childrencouldbehappyinanyenvironment.C.Migrantkidslackedopportunitiesforschooling.D.Shewasluckytohavetheabilitytohelpothers.6.WhydidRebellónturnabusintoaclassroom?A.Tosetthesceneforhershow.B.Torealizeherchildhooddream.C.Togivefullplaytothevalueofabus.D.Toofferchildrenconvenientaccesstoeducation.7.WhatcanwesayabouttheimpactoftheYesWeCanWorldFoundation?A.It’sfar-reaching. B.It’spredictable.C.It’sshort-lived. D.It’sunidentifiable.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了EstefaníaRebellón如何从一位移民儿童成长为一个致力于帮助其他移民儿童获得教育机会的慈善组织创始人。她通过创立YesWeCanWorldFoundation，为移民儿童提供教育和安全的空间，无论他们的位置、法律地位或经济背景如何。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Despitethechallengesshefacedasamigrantchild,shewasluckytohaveteacherswhoadvocatedforherandguidedheralongtheway.(尽管作为一名流动儿童，她面临着诸多挑战，但幸运的是，她有老师支持她，并一路指导她。)”可知，Rebellón的老师们给了她很大帮助。故选B。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“In2018,shewassomovedaftervolunteeringinmigrantcampsinTijuanathatsheputhercareeronhold.“Therewerenoschoolssetuptohelpthesekids.Theywerewalkingaroundthecampsbarefoot,”shesaid.(2018年，在Tijuana的移民营地做志愿者后，她非常感动，以至于暂停了自己的职业生涯。“没有学校来帮助这些孩子。他们光着脚在营地里走来走去。”)”可知，Rebellón在难民营做义工时意识到流动儿童缺乏上学的机会。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inthemonthsthatfollowed,whenthosefamilieslivinginthecampsweremovedtoshelters,RebellónandSchmidtwantedtocontinueofferingeducationalservices.(在接下来的几个月里，当那些住在难民营的家庭被转移到避难所时，Rebellón

和Schmidt想继续提供教育服务。)”及第四段““Ithought,‘Whydon’tweturnabusintoamobileclassroom,andwecouldtakeittoallthedifferentshelters?’”Rebellónsaid.

(“我想，’为什么我们不把一辆公共汽车变成一个移动教室，我们可以把它带到所有不同的避难所?’”Rebellón说。)”可知，Rebellón把公共汽车改成教室是为了给孩子们提供受教育的便利。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today,theYesWeCanWorldFoundationeducates250—300kidsadaythroughitsfourschoollocationsalongtheborderandthreemobileschoolbuses.(今天，YesWeCan世界基金会通过在边境的四所学校和三辆流动校车，每天教育250-300名儿童。)”可推断，theYesWeCanWorldFoundation通过在边境的四所学校和三辆流动校车，每天教育250-300名儿童，由此带来的影响是深远的。故选A。CPackagingcanplayagreaterroleinkeepingproduceandotherfoodsfresh,thereforeminimizingfoodwaste—especiallyifconsumerscanbetterunderstandthosepackagingtechnologies.That’samongthetakeawaysofresearchledbyMichiganStateUniversity(MSU)’sSchoolofPackaging,detailedinarecentlyreleasedwhitepaper.IntheUnitedStates,foodwasteinlandfillsdoubledfrom1990to2020,accordingtodatasharedbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencythisyear.Researchersciteddatashowing40%ofthefoodsupplyiswastedeachyear,with43%ofthathappeningattheconsumerorhouseholdlevel.Ameripen,theonlyorganizationexclusivelyfocusedonUSpublicpolicyfortheentirepackagingindustry,andtheEnvironmentalResearch&EducationFoundationfundedresearchthatincludedasurveyofmorethan1,000peopleintheUnitedStates.Ameripensaiditwantedtoknowwhatrolepackagingcouldplayinreducinghouseholdfoodwasteaswellasunderstandconsumerawarenessoffoodpackaging’svalueandfunctions.Thesurveyaskedconsumersabouttheirunderstandingofpackagingformsandwillingnesstopaymoreforpackagingdesignedtoreducefoodwaste,amongotherareas.Thestudyfoundthatwholefruitsandvegetables,particularlybananasandlettuce,arethefoodsmostwastedbyhouseholds,withdairyproducts,preparedpackagedfoodsandleftoversalsocommonculprits(罪魁祸首).“Half-eatenpackagedfoodproductsandfoodwithoutpackagingthatwentbadbeforeitwaseatenarethetwoprimaryreasonsforfoodwasteinAmericanhouseholds,indicatingthereisopportunityforimprovedpackagingdesigntohelpconsumerswithextendingshelflife,reuseandsize,”thewhitepaperstates.Researchersreportedthatwhileconsumers’currentunderstandingofpackagingtechnologieswas“limited”,theyindicated“theywouldpaymoreforfoodcontainedinpackagingthatextendsfreshnessandshelflife.”“There’saneedtodesignpackagingforproducethatiscurrentlynotpackaged;thatmostoftheproduceinthisstudywaswastedisbecausethereisnopackagingatall,”MSU’sKoreyFennelsaidduringthewebinar(网络研讨会),alsonotingtheimportanceof“intelligentpackaging”thatcouldindicatetheshelflifeoffoodproducts.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minimizing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Showing. B.Continuing. C.Recovering. D.Reducing.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhesecondparagraph?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.10.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Bymakingobservations. B.Byaskingquestions.C.Bycarryingoutexperiments. D.Byreferringtoformerstudies.11.Whatistheconsumers’attitudetopurchasingpackagedfoodaccordingtothestudy?A.Cautious. B.Unclear. C.Critical. D.Favorable.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了包装技术在减少食物浪费方面的重要性。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Packagingcanplayagreaterroleinkeepingproduceandotherfoodsfresh…(包装在保持农产品和其他食品新鲜方面可以发挥更大的作用……)”以及“foodwaste(食物浪费)”可知，包装在保持农产品和其他食品新鲜方面发挥着更大的作用，因此包装能够减少食物浪费。由此可知，划线词与D选项“Reducing.(减少)”为同义词。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“IntheUnitedStates,foodwasteinlandfillsdoubledfrom1990to2020,accordingtodatasharedbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencythisyear.Researchersciteddatashowing40%ofthefoodsupplyiswastedeachyear,with43%ofthathappeningattheconsumerorhouseholdlevel.(根据美国环境保护署今年分享的数据，在美国，从1990年到2020年，垃圾填埋场的食物垃圾翻了一番。研究人员引用的数据显示，每年有40%的食物被浪费，其中43%发生在消费者或家庭层面)”可知，第二段通过数据表明美国人浪费食物，即添加一些背景信息。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thesurveyaskedconsumersabouttheirunderstandingofpackagingformsandwillingnesstopaymoreforpackagingdesignedtoreducefoodwaste,amongotherareas.(该调查询问了消费者对包装形式的理解，以及他们是否愿意为减少食物浪费的包装支付更多费用)”可知，研究者是通过问消费者问题的方式进行研究的。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Researchersreportedthatwhileconsumers’currentunderstandingofpackagingtechnologieswas“limited”,theyindicated“theywouldpaymoreforfoodcontainedinpackagingthatextendsfreshnessandshelflife.”(研究人员报告称，尽管消费者目前对包装技术的了解“有限”，但他们表示，“他们愿意花更多的钱购买包装中能延长食品新鲜度和保质期的食品。”)”可推知，研究中消费者对购买带包装的食品持有的是肯定的态度。故选D。DNotunlikethewingsofairplanes,theblades(叶片)ofwindturbines(涡轮机)needtobekeptice-freeinordertofunctionproperly.Scientistshavenowdevelopedaninexpensivemethodofusingdrones(无人机)toapplyaneco-friendlyanti-icingcoating(涂层)tothoseblades.Iftoomuchicebuildsuponwindturbineblades,theywillturnmoreslowly,producinglessenergy.What’smore,ifanequalamountoficeisn’tpresentonallthreeblades,theturbine’sbalancemaybethrownoff,leadingtoincreasedwearandpossiblyevendisastrousfailure.Thereareanti-icingheatingsystemsthatcanbebuiltintotheblades,butthesemaybebeyondthefinancialmeansofmanywindfarm(风电场)operators.Thesamecanbesaidforusinghelicopterstoapplyice-preventionchemicals.Seekingamoreeconomicalbutstilleffectivealternative,scientistsfromtwobranchesofGermany’sFraunhoferresearchgrouprecentlystartedlookingtodrones.Theresearchprojectisknownas“TURBO:Temporarycoatingbymeansofdrones—Icingprotectionofwindturbinesasacasestudy”.Inthecurrentversionoftheresultingsystem,ahexacopterdroneisequippedwithasmallpumpthatdeliversanti-icingliquid.Theliquidissprayed(喷洒)athighpressure—whichisjust0.3mmwide—producingtinydropletswithadiameterof100micrometers.Usingthissetup,thedronehassuccessfullybeenusedtoapplycoatingsofthedropletsontotheedgesofwindturbineblades,evenatwindspeedsofupto35km/h(22mph).Oncesolidified(固化/凝固),thosecoatingspreventiceformationforseveralweeksbeforeafreshcoatingisapplied.Thescientistsarenowseekingindustrypartnerstohelpcommercialize(商业化)theTURBOtechnology.Itcouldalsofinduseinthemaintenance(维护)ofpowerlines,theupperlevelsoftallbuildings,orotherthingsthataredifficulttoreachbyconventionalmeans.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Problemscausedbyicing. B.Theprocessoficeformation.C.Disastersbroughtaboutbydrones. D.Thefunctionofwindturbines.13.Whichwordcanbestdescribeanti-icingheatingsystems?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary. C.Expensive. D.Dangerous.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTURBOtechnologyfromthelastparagraph?A.Ithasawiderrangeofapplications.B.Itisarelativelytraditionalapproach.C.Itcansolvetheproblemonceandforall(一劳永逸).D.Itismorecostlythanusingice-preventionchemicals.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantagesofUsingWindEnergyB.DronesProtectWindTurbinesFromIcingC.WindTurbinesRemoveIceonTheirOwnD.AMajorBreakthroughinDroneTechnology【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家开发了一种使用无人机为风力涡轮机叶片涂抹环保防冰涂层的方法。该方法经济有效，可以防止叶片结冰以保证风力涡轮机正常运行。科学家现在正寻求行业合作伙伴帮助商业化该技术，该技术也可用于电力线路、高层建筑顶部或其他难以用传统方式触及的物体的维护。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Iftoomuchicebuildsuponwindturbineblades,theywillturnmoreslowly,producinglessenergy.What’smore,ifanequalamountoficeisn’tpresentonallthreeblades,theturbine’sbalancemaybethrownoff,leadingtoincreasedwearandpossiblyevendisastrousfailure.(如果太多的冰积聚在风力涡轮机叶片上，它们就会转得更慢，产生更少的能量。更重要的是，如果三片叶片上没有等量的冰，涡轮机的平衡可能会被打破，导致磨损加剧，甚至可能出现灾难性的故障)”可知，本段主要介绍了风力涡轮机叶片上结冰引发的问题。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thereareanti-icingheatingsystemsthatcanbebuiltintotheblades,butthesemaybebeyondthefinancialmeansofmanywindfarm(风电场)operators.(可以在叶片中安装防冰加热系统，但这可能超出了许多风电场运营商的经济能力)”可知，防冰加热系统太过昂贵(expensive)，许多风电场运营商无法承受，故。故选C项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thescientistsarenowseekingindustrypartnerstohelpcommercialize(商业化)theTURBOtechnology.Itcouldalsofinduseinthemaintenance(维护)ofpowerlines,theupperlevelsoftallbuildings,orotherthingsthataredifficulttoreachbyconventionalmeans.(科学家们现在正在寻找行业合作伙伴，以帮助将TURBO技术商业化。它还可以用于维护电力线、高层建筑的上层，或其他传统手段难以到达的地方)”可知，TURBO技术具有更广泛的应用范围，还可以用于维护电力线、高层建筑的上层，或其他传统手段难以到达的地方。故选A项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第段中“Notunlikethewingsofairplanes,theblades(叶片)ofwindturbines(涡轮机)needtobekeptice-freeinordertofunctionproperly.Scientistshavenowdevelopedaninexpensivemethodofusingdrones(无人机)toapplyaneco-friendlyanti-icingcoating(涂层)tothoseblades.(与飞机的机翼不同，风力涡轮机的叶片需要保持无冰状态才能正常工作。科学家们现在已经开发出一种廉价的方法，利用无人机在这些叶片上涂上环保的防冰涂层)”可知，文章介绍了科学家开发了一种使用无人机为风力涡轮机叶片涂抹环保防冰涂层的方法。该方法经济有效，可以防止叶片结冰以保证风力涡轮机正常运行。故“DronesProtectWindTurbinesFromIcing(无人机保护风力涡轮机不结冰)”是最佳标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分山，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theholidayscanbeadifficulttimetostayontrackwithyourfitnessgoals.____16____.Eventhemostdisciplinedpeoplecanfinditdifficulttosticktotheirfitnessroutinesduringtheholidayseason.Herearesomeexpert-recommendedtipsthatcanhelpyoustayontrack.____17____.Planningisthebestwaytomakesureyoudon’tlosetrackofyourgoals.Planyourworkoutsfortheweekandmarktheminyourscheduletoassuretheyareapartofyourday.Exerciseearly.____18____.Makesureworkoutsareinthemorningandyou’llsetyourselfupforaproductiveday.Thenyoucanenjoyholidayactivitiesandtimewithfamilywithoutworryingaboutwhenyou’llhavetimetoexercise.Keepmoving.Researchshowsthatgettingupforjustfiveminutesevery30to60minutesandperforminglightactivitiesreducestheriskofheartdiseaseriskfactors.Smalleffortstogetmovingcanhelpyouroverallhealthduringtheholidays.Inadditiontostayingactive,trytoavoidsittingforlongperiodsoftime,suchaswhenwatchingfootballgamesoreating.____19____.Thinkoutofthebox.Theholidaysarebusy,butdoyourbesttoavoidthe“allornothing”mentalitywhenitcomestophysicalactivity.____20____—liketakingafamilywalkaroundtheneighborhoodbeforeopeningChristmaspresents.A.PlanaheadB.PlanoutyourroutebeforeyougoC.ExercisinginthemorningisoneofthebiggesttipsD.Remember:toomuchsittingisharmfultoyourhealthE.YourschedulewillbefilledwithfamilygatheringsandcelebrationsF.GetcreativewithexerciseandmakephysicalactivityafamilyaffairG.Ratherthanskippingthegymaltogether,maketimeforaquickworkout【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.D20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了就算在假期很难坚持自己健身计划时，也能帮助自己保持状态的四个方法。【16题详析】前文提到“Theholidayscanbeadifficulttimetostayontrackwithyourfitnessgoals.”（假期可能是一段很难坚持健身目标的时间。）以及后文提到“Eventhemostdisciplinedpeoplecanfinditdifficulttosticktotheirfitnessroutinesduringtheholidayseason.

”（即使是最自律的人也很难在假期坚持自己的健身计划。）由此判断，该段提到在假期期间坚持健身计划很难，E项“Yourschedulewillbefilledwithfamilygatheringsandcelebrations”（你的日程表将被家庭聚会和庆祝活动填满。）该项提到了假期会因为一些活动而影响自己的健身计划。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。【17题详析】该空处需选择段落小标题。该段提到“Planningisthebestwaytomakesureyoudon’tlosetrackofyourgoals.”（计划是确保你不会迷失目标的最好方法。）该段提到如果做好计划的话就可以保证假期内能够正常进行健身锻炼。A项“Planahead”（提前计划）该项提到了提前做好计划，引出后文中提前做好计划的好处。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。【18题详析】该段小标题提到“Exerciseearly”（早点锻炼）以及后文提到“Makesureworkoutsareinthemorningandyou’llsetyourselfupforaproductiveday.”（确保在早上锻炼，这样你就会为高效的一天做好准备。）由此判断，该段提到了在早上锻炼的好处，因此该段段首句应该提到早上锻炼是非常重要的。C项“Exercisinginthemorningisoneofthebiggesttips”（早上锻炼是最重要的建议之一。）该项提到了早上锻炼是这几项建议中最重要的。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。【19题详析】前文提到“Inadditiontostayingactive,trytoavoidsittingforlongperiodsoftime,suchaswhenwatchingfootballgamesoreating.”（除了保持活跃，尽量避免长时间坐着，比如在看足球比赛或吃饭的时候。）该段提到了如果要保持健身计划的话就要避免长期坐着。D项提到“Remember:toomuchsittingisharmfultoyourhealth”（记住：久坐对你的健康有害。）该项提到了长时间坐着对于健康的伤害。该项符合文意，起到总结上文的作用。故选D。【20题详析】前文提到“Theholidaysarebusy,butdoyourbesttoavoidthe“allornothing”mentalitywhenitcomestophysicalactivity.”（假期是忙碌的，但当涉及到体育锻炼时，你要尽你最大的努力避免“要么全部要么没有”的心态。），以及后文提到“—liketakingafamilywalkaroundtheneighborhoodbeforeopeningChristmaspresents.”（比如在打开圣诞礼物前全家在附近散步。）该段提到可以抓住一切机会来进行运动，F项“Getcreativewithexerciseandmakephysicalactivityafamilyaffair”（创造性地锻炼身体，让体育活动成为一项家庭活动）该项提到哪怕只是家庭一起进行的活动也能成为锻炼身体的好机会，同时该项也满足该段小标题“Thinkoutofthebox”（跳出思维定式）的段落大意。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sarkarisananotechnologist(纳米技术专家)andassistantprofessoratMIT.Sheisconductingherresearchonbraindiseasesthat____21____themindsofmillionsofpeopleworldwide.BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly____22____.Hercourageasaresearchercomesfromher____23____,whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常态)inhervillageby____24____tofundherowneducation.Meanwhile,Sarkar’sfather____25____herinterestinengineering.Sarkarrecallsherfatherfindingtimeforhis____26____,fashioningdevicestomakehomelifemore___27___,includinganelectricity-freewashingmachine.“Thatgotmevery____28____inscienceandtechnology.”Sarkarsays.After____29____abachelor’sdegreeinelectricalengineeringfromtheIndianInstituteofTechnologyDhanbad,Sarkar_____30_____Californiatostudynanoclectronics.There,shetestednewwaysto_____31_____nanodevicesthatcouldreducetheamountof_____32_____consumedbycomputersandothereverydayelectronics._____33_____,shemadeabreakthroughbydevelopingastandoutnanodevice.Alongtheway,Sarkarbecamefascinatedwiththe_____34_____,whichshecalls“thelowestenergycomputer”.Shehopestoputnanodevicesbetweenhumanneurons(神经细胞)toimprovethecomputingspeedoftheprocessorinourbrains.“Ourbrainsare_____35_____,butwecouldbebetterthanwhatweare.”shesays.21.A.enrich B.read C.affect D.poison22.A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations23.A.aunt B.mother C.sister D.grandmother24.A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting25.A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported26.A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion27.A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful28.A.interested B.honest C.lucky D.disappointed29.A.starting B.carning C.needing D.introducing30.A.adaptedto B.relatedto C.headedto D.belongedto31.A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell32.A.water B.money C.power D.time33.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately C.Obviously D.Eventually34.A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion35.A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.B30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在研究影响全世界数百万人思想的脑部疾病。A.enrich使丰富；B.read阅读；C.affect影响；D.poison毒害。根据常识和下文中的“Shehopestoputnanodevicesbetweenhumanneurons(神经细胞)toimprovethecomputingspeedoftheprocessorinourbrains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，由此可推断，她现在从事的研究应该会“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。A.birds鸟；B.researchers研究者；C.failures失败；D.inspirations灵感。根据下文中的“Hercourageasaresearchercomesfromher________,whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常态)inhervillageby________tofundherowneducation.”以及“Meanwhile,Sarkar’sfather________herinterestinengineering.”可知，她母亲打破常规为她提供教育基金，而她的父亲让她对工程学产生兴趣，由此可推断，此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自于父母。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A.aunt姑妈；B.mother母亲；C.sister姐妹；D.grandmother祖母。根据上文中的“BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly________.”可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自于父母，结合下文中的“whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常态)inhervillageby________tofundherowneducation.”可知，此处介绍的是意为女性，由此可知，此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来与她的“母亲”符合语境。故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A.working工作；B.pretending假装；C.refusing拒绝；D.waiting等待。根据下文中的“tofundherowneducation.”可知，母亲要为她获取教育基金，所以此处指的是“工作”符合语境。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。A.protected保护；B.switched改变，转变；C.stimulated刺激；D.supported支持。根据上文中的“BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly________.”可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自于父母，所以此处应指的是她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。故选C项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲为自己的爱好腾出时间，设计各种设备，使家庭生活更方便，包括一台无电洗衣机。