天津市南开区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

2/22021—2022学年度第一学期南开区期末考试试卷高二年级英语学科听力注意事项：1.本部分听力考试共15小题，满分为20分。考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡的对应位置上，答在试卷上的无效。2.录音材料播放时，考生可将答案标在试卷上；录音材料播放完毕后，考生将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡的对应位置上。3.转涂答案时，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£9.15.B.£15.19.C.£19.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Hikeamountain.B.Stayathome.C.Gotoafootballgame.2.Howlongwillittakeforthespeakerstofindtheorchestrafromnowon?A.Fiveminutes.B.Fifteenminutes.C.Twentyminutes.3.WheredoesthemansuggesttheycelebrateJack’sbirthdayparty?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inapark.C.Athome.4.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?A.Shetookcareofhermother.B.Shewenttoseeadoctor.C.Shewentjogging.5.Whywon’tthewomanapplyforthesummerjob?A.Therearetoomanyapplicants.B.Thesalaryisnotsatisfyingenough.C.Shedoesn’thavethequalificationneeded.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）听下面几段材料。每材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段材料，回答第6至第8小题。6.WhydoesthegirlthinkUsainBoltshouldnotgettheaward?A.Becausehehasneverwontheawardbefore.B.Because4x100meterscan’tshowhisability.C.Becausechancesshouldbegiventootherathletes.7.WhatmaycontributetoMurray’swinningaccordingtotheboy?A.Havingahugenumberoffans.B.Caringaboutwomenplayers’equality.C.WinningtwoOlympicsinglestitles.8.WhichofthefollowingisTUREofLebronJames?A.Hebeathishometownbasketballteaminthefinalsin2016.B.HehasbothOlympicgoldmedalsandNBAchampionships.C.Heismoreanexcellentteamleaderthanagreatplayer.听下面一段材料，回答第9至第11小题。9.WhatisSusan’sproblem?A.Shecan’tfindanyonetoturntoforhelp.B.Sheisworriedabouttheboardinglife.C.Shedoesn’tgetpreparedforuniversity.10.WhatisKen’ssuggestionongettingalongwithroommates?A.Tocommunicateandcompromise.B.Tohangoutandjoinsomeclubs.C.Tofollowastrictdormschedule.11.HowdoesSusanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Confused.B.Exhausted.C.Relieved.听下面一段材料，回答第12至第15小题。12.WhopaintedthepaintingofGuernica?A.TheNazisB.PabloPicasso.C.Thespeaker.13.Whataretheelementsthatcanbefoundinthepainting?A.Abullandamanlyingontheground.B.Adeadmanandahousedestroyedinthewar.C.Alightbulbandawoundedmanonahorse.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespeaker’sinterpretationofthepainting?A.Thewarusuallybringstragicresultstopeople.B.Thepainterholdsapositiveattitudetowardswar.C.Peoplearefrightenedofthewar.15.Whatisthespeaker’sviewoftheuseofcolor?A.Ithasachievedapowerfuleffect.B.Itshouldcoverawiderrangeofcolors.C.Itistoosimpletocausedebatesamongpeople.2021—2022学年度第一学期南开区期末考试试卷高二年级英语学科笔试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题：听力和笔试）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟（含听力）。第Ⅰ卷1至13页（含听力），第Ⅱ卷14至20页。考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的答案无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。祝各位考生考试顺利！第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上。2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.本卷共55小题，共95分。（含听力）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Standoverthere________you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.Manycountriesaresettinganimalshelters________homelesscatsanddogscanbeprotected.A.which B.when C.where D.that【1题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多国家正在设立动物收容所来保护无家可归的猫狗。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。先行词animalshelters是物，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故选C。2.Withalotofproblem________,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海)A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled【2题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有很多问题要解决，新当选的总统正度过一段艰难的时期。本句为with的复合结构，表示动作即将发生，所以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C项。3.AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buthegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.A.surprisingly B.typically C.eventually D.carefully【3题答案】【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他还是让步了，因为她对自己的潜水技能非常自信。A.surprisingly令人惊讶地；B.typically典型地；C.eventually最后，终于；D.carefully认真地。根据前文“Atfirst”可知，此处与之相对应，C项“最后,终于”符合句意。故选C项。4.Thecityplanstomake50,000bicycles________forrenttoreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams.A.convenient B.suitable C.available D.accurate【4题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市计划提供5万辆自行车供出租，以减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。A.convenient方便的；B.suitable合适的，适当的；C.available可获得的，可用的；D.accurate精确的。根据下文“toreducepollutionandeasetrafficjams”可知，该市需要提供5万辆自行车进行出租，以此来减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。所以设空处应用available，短语availableforrent意为“可供出租的”。故选C项。5.Lisahadtohavehercarrepairedinagaragebecauseit_______seriously.A.damaged B.hadbeendamagedC.wasbeingdamaged D.haddamaged【5题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：丽莎的车损坏得很严重，她必须把车送到修车厂修理。根据语境，“车损坏”发生在“必须送去修理”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时，且主语it与谓语动词damage构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。6.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towind B.wind C.winding D.wound【6题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头向上看，注意到一条蛇正在蜿蜒向树上爬来获取它的早餐。分析句子可知，winditsway作宾语补足语，windingitsway与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。7.Thesoccerteamhasbeendoingwellthisseason，sotheywinthechampionship．A.should B.might C.would D.could【7题答案】【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：这个赛季这支球队表现很好，所以他们应该能够赢得冠军。should应该；might也许；would过去常常；could能够；表现好，推测应该获胜，可知,故选A。8.Howarethingsgoing,Mr.White?Well,theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.what B.whereC.When D.which【8题答案】【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——事情进展的怎么样，珍妮？——他们已经开始着手处理目前的现状，他们认为这值得引起他们的注意，下文中先行词thepresentsituation为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语，指物，故引导词用which，故选D。9.Myrichexperienceasapassionateandresponsibletranslator_________meforthejobadvertisedonyourwebsite.A.equips B.qualifies C.enables D.allows【9题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一名富有激情和负责任的翻译的丰富经验使我能够胜任贵公司网站上招聘的职位。A.equips使装备有；B.qualifies使有资格；C.enables使能够；D.allows允许。主语为Myrichexperience，宾语为thejob，二者的关系是“经验使有资格胜任工作”。故选B。10.—I’msorry,butIcan’tgototheget-togethertonight.—________?Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.A.Pardon B.Sowhat C.Howcome D.Whocares【10题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——对不起，我不能参加今晚的聚会了。——怎么会这样？昨天你还说要和我一起去的。A.Pardon不好意思；B.Sowhat那又怎样；C.Howcome怎么会这样；D.Whocares谁在乎。根据空后的“Itwasyesterdaythatyousaidyouwouldgowithme.(昨天你还说要和我一起去的)”可知，此处用“怎么会这样”，表达惊讶与不解，故选C。第二节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从11~25各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，将短文内容补充完整。Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,thechoiceofan____11____shouldbemadeevenbeforechoiceofacurriculum(课程)inhighschool.____12____,mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,____13____becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheirposition.Actually,the“oneperfectjob”doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle____14____.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans____15____gettingproperhelpfromacompetentoccupationalcounselor(职业顾问)orpsychologist.Knowing____16____abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss____17____.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others____18____toapieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits____19____prestige(声望).Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents-ortheirparentsforthem-choosetheprofessionalfield,____20____boththerelativelysmallpercentage(百分比)ofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal____21____.Theimaginedprestigeofaprofessionis____22____goodreasonforchoosingitaslife’swork.What’sworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the____23____ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious____24____tothesefields.Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewantsoutoflifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake____25____forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulbeforemakingthefinalchoice.11.A.identification B.accommodation C.entertainment D.occupation12.A.Thereby B.However C.Though D.Therefore13.A.thoroughly B.mainly C.entirely D.partly14.A.means B.job C.way D.company15.A.without B.via C.with D.through16.A.little B.more C.much D.alot17.A.chance B.purpose C.basis D.opportunity18.A.apply B.appeal C.turn D.stick19.A.imagined B.inspirational C.generous D.talented20.A.concerning B.following C.ignoring D.considering21.A.preferences B.requirements C.tendencies D.ambitions22.A.one B.any C.the D.no23A.majority B.mass C.minority D.number24.A.proposal B.suggestion C.approval D.consideration25.A.turns B.parts C.risks D.choices【11~25题答案】【答案】11.D12.B13.D14.B15.A16.A17.C18.D19.A20.C21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了选择工作之前要深思熟虑，并且为工作做好充分准备，如何选择一份合适的工作呢？不同的人追求不同的目标。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在理想的情况下，职业的选择应该在高中课程选择之前就做出。A.identification识别；B.accommodation膳宿；C.entertainment娱乐；D.occupation职业。根据上文“Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.(大多数有价值的职业都需要某种专业培训。)”可知，空格处指的是“职业”选择。故选D项。【12题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于经济和行业的变化，部分是为了提高自己的地位，大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择。A.Thereby因此；B.However然而；C.Though尽管；D.Therefore因此。根据下文“mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives(大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择)”可知，此处和上文是转折关系，所以用however表转折。故选B项。【13题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于经济和行业的变化，部分是为了提高自己的地位，大多数人在他们的职业生涯中会做出多种职业选择。A.thoroughly完全地；B.mainly主要地；C.entirely完全地；D.partly部分地。根据下文“andpartlytoimprovetheirposition(部分原因是为了提高他们的地位)”可知，此处说的也是“部分”原因，与下文的partly呼应。故选D项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训计划，为某一领域的工作做好准备，而不是仅仅为某一份工作做准备。A.means方法；B.job工作；C.way方式；D.company公司、陪伴。根据上文“thatwillpreparethemforafieldofwork(这将为他们的工作做好准备)”可知，此处用job表“工作”与上文呼应。故选B项。【15题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多年轻人不得不在没有从称职的职业顾问或心理学家那里得到适当帮助的情况下制定职业规划。A.without没有；B.via经由；C.with随着；D.through穿过。根据上文的“Unfortunately(不幸地)”可知，此处指年轻人“没有”从职业顾问那里得到帮助。故选A项。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他们对自己一生的工作的选择总是碰运气。A.little极少；B.more更多；C.much非常；D.alot许多。分析语境和空格前的knowing可知，此处用副词little修饰动词know表示“几乎不知道、知之甚少”。故选A项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界知之甚少，也不了解自己，因此他们对自己一生的工作的选择总是碰运气。A.chance机会；B.purpose目的；C.basis基础；D.opportunity机会。分析语境，再根据前面的on可知，此处用ona……basis表示“以……为基础”，所以此处用onahit-or-missbasis表示“在随机的基础上、碰运气”。故选C项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一些人则坚持从事一项他们不满意、不适合的工作。A.apply申请、运用；B.appeal呼吁、上诉；C.turn扭转；D.stick粘、贴。根据空格前的others和上文“Somedriftfromjobtojob.(有些人从一份工作换到另一份工作)”可知，此处用stickto表示“坚持”从事工作，与上文的“换工作”形成对比。故选D项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个常见的错误是，选择一种职业是为了它想象中的声望。A.imagined想象的；B.inspirational鼓舞人心的；C.generous慷慨地；D.talented有才能的。根据上文的“Onecommonmistake(一个常见的错误)”可知，此处要说明一个常见的错误，所以用imagined表示“想象中”的声望，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他们的父母——选择了这个专业领域，忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质要求。A.concerning有关；B.following跟随；C.ignoring忽略；D.considering考虑。根据上文的“Onecommonmistake(一个常见的错误)”可知，本段介绍的是关于职业选择的一些普遍错误，所以此处用ignoring表示学生或父母“忽略”了一些情况，符合语境。故选C项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生——或者他们的父母——选择了这个专业领域，忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质要求。A.preferences偏爱；B.requirements要求；C.tendencies趋向；D.ambitions雄心。分析语境可知，此处承接上文，指忽视了在这个专业中相对较少的工人比例和极高的教育和个人素质“要求”，符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查代词和冠词辨析。句意：想象中的职业声望并不是选择它作为终身职业的好理由。A.one一个；B.any任何；C.the这；D.no没有。分析语境可知，本段主要介绍的是关于职业选择的一些错误认识，所以此处指，想象中的声望并不是一个“好理由”。故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A.majority大多数；B.mass一群；C.minority少数；D.number数字。根据上文“Sincealargepercentageofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork(因为很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作)”，所以此处用majorty与后面的of搭配表“大多数”年轻人，且作主语。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于很大比例的工作是机械和手工工作，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A.proposal建议；B.suggestion建议；C.approval赞同；D.consideration考虑。分析语境可知，此处用短语giveconsiderationto表示应该“考虑”这些领域，符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人希望安全；另一些人愿意为了经济利益而冒险。A.turns转弯；B.parts部分；C.risks风险；D.choices选择。根据others和上文的“Somewantsecurity(有些人希望安全)”可知，此处表对比的意思，所以用短语takeriskfor表示“为……而冒险”符合语境。故选C项。第二部分阅读理解（共15小题；第26-35题，每小题2.5分；36-40题，每小题2分，满分35分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。AThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.Itwasacompletelynewidea-atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.26.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A.DarwinwantedtomakeafortunebytakingthejourneyontheBeagle.B.ThemedicalschooldismissedDarwinbecauseofhisbadbehavior.C.ThecaptainoftheshipwaswillingtohelpDarwintorealizehisdream.D.HisfatherthoughtDarwinfailedtoliveuptothefamily’sexpectation.27.WhatinspiredDarwintolookformoreevidencetosupporthisidea?A.People’scommonbeliefthatallspeciesdidn’tchange.B.Hisrichknowledgeasageologistandnaturalist.C.Noticingthesimilarityofsomespeciesofanimals.D.Thelongandtiresomejourneyinhiscrowdedroom.28.Whatwasthefactorthatledtothediversityofbeaksoffinchesontheislands?A.Differentfoodavailable. B.Commonancestors.C.Changeableweather. D.Habitatsontheislands.29WhydidmoreandmorepeoplestarttoacceptDarwin’stheory?A.BecauseDarwin’bookdrewpublicattentionandcausedastorm.B.BecauseDarwin’stheoryandevidencewereconvincingenough.C.Becausetheypreferredtheevolutionfromlowerformsoflife.D.Becausetheywereshockedbythisground-breakingtheory.30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.B.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.C.Darwinspentyearstouringtheworldtopersuadepeopletoaccepthistheory.D.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumansevolvedovertime.【26~30题答案】【答案】26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了达尔文在贝格尔号的探索之旅。达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更多证据，并提出了“进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.（并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。）”可知，他爸爸认为达尔文将会是全家人的耻辱，言外之意，他会辜负家人对他的期望，选项D符合文意，故选D项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.（他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。）”可知，达尔文注意到不同物种的动物间的相似性，从而想去寻求更多证据，证明动物是否会为了适应不断变化的环境而逐渐进化。故选C项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.（达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。）”可知，导致雀鸟的喙不同的原因是所在岛屿上可觅得的食物不同。故选A项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.（然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。）”可知，是达尔文极有说服力的科学研究，让越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。故选B项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。从全文可知，达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更多证据，并提出了“进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。A选项“达尔文的贝格尔号之旅激发了他的进化论”与文意相符，故选A项。BSittingbackinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong“SkyRailway”hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.Thewords“railwayslikemassivedragonsarewindingamongthemountains”seemparticularlyvividasItravelacrossthe“roofoftheworld”.IwasoneofthepeoplewhocamefromallpartsofChinatoworkonthisrailway.Takingyearstocomplete,theQinghai-TibetRailwayisarecordofallofoureffortstoovercomethemostdifficultengineeringchallenges.Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.ThefirstlandmarktocatchmyeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridgebuiltoverpermafrost.Look!AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.Topreventdamagetowetlandsandgrasslands,675bridgeswithatotallengthofabout160kilometerswerebuiltbetweenGolmudandLhasa.Weevenmoved140,000squaremetersofwetlandtoanewareainordertoprotectitsdistinctecosystem.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.Locatedatover5,000metersabovesealevel,thisisthehighestrailwaystationintheworld.Inlocationssuchasthis,thethinair,changeableweatherandhighlevelsofUVradiationpresentedperhapsthegreatestchallengeforrailwayworkers.Tomakesurewestayedhealthy,severaloxygen-makingstationswereconstructed.Wewerealsoabletoenjoyregularbreaksinlowerareas.AswepassCuonaLake,Ifeelasenseofprideandachievement.Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.Waterbirdsplayinginthelake,andcattleandsheepwanderingthegrasslandsbringthescenerytolife.TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople’sadmirationforcenturies.Now,thankstoourefforts,passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thesong“SkyRailway”wasplayedasbackgroundmusicinthetrain.B.Waysofprotectingthedelicateecosystemweretakenintoconsideration.C.Foreignexpertswerefrightenedtoseedragonsamongthemountains.D.Theauthorkepttherecordofsolvingthetoughestengineeringproblem.32.WhichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?A.withoutinterruption B.forentertainmentC.intheirfreetime D.withouthurrying33.Whywasa20-kmwallbuiltaccordingtoParagraph6?A.Becauseitseparatedthehabitatsofbirdsandcattle.B.Becauseittransformedconstructionwasteintosand.C.BecauseitkeptCuonalakefrombeingpolluted.D.BecauseitconnectedCuonalakeandtherailway.34.Whatistheauthorproudofattheendofthepassage?A.Theireffortstobuildtherailwayandprotecttheecosystem.B.Thathehasmadetherailwayextraordinaryfortourists.C.Passengers’admirationfortheQinghai-TibetPlateau.D.ThesplendidlandscapesalongtheSkyRailway.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovethathumanscanconquernature.B.ToadvertisethetravelroutealongtheQinghai-TibetRailway.C.Topraisetheworkers’effortsinbuildingtheQinghai-TibetRailway.D.TohighlighttheamountofworkrequiredtobuildtheQinghai-TibetRailway.【31~35题答案】【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过作者的一次沿青藏铁路的旅行，介绍了青藏铁路的设计，建设以及成就。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句“Howtoprotectthedelicateecosystemwasamongthetopconcerns.（如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。）”可知，在修建铁路时，保护生态系统的问题被考虑在内，故选择B项。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“Thirty-threepassageshavebeenbuiltundertherailwaytoallowtheanimalstomovesafelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseemtotallyunawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometersanhour.（铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。）”可知，由于这种设计，藏羚羊在吃草时，可以不慌不忙，故选择D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Usingthousandsandthousandsofsandbags,webuiltatwenty-kilometerwallalongthelaketoprotectitfromconstructionwaste.（我们用成千上万的沙袋沿着湖边建了一堵20公里长的墙，以保护它不受建筑垃圾的污染。）”可知，建立这堵长墙的主要目的是保护措那湖不受污染，故选择C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。）”可知，作者因他们为修建铁路和保护生态系统所做的努力而感到骄傲。故选择A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now,thankstoourefforts.passengersfromalloverthecountryhavebeenenjoyingthesemagicallandscapes.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentdeserves.Ittrulyisanextraordinary“SkyRailway”.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。这真一条了不起的“天路”）”可知，本文主要是在赞美工人们在修建铁路时的辛苦努力，故选择C项。CAlthoughcomputertechnologyisoftennecessarytoday,usingapenorpencilactivatesmoreareasofyourbrainthanakeyboarddoes.Youcanpotentiallyremembermorebyhandwriting,accordingtoanewstudy.Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingformemoryhavebeendebatedforsometime.Thenewstudysetouttoansweronequestion:Howdoeshandwritingcomparetousingakeyboardwhenitcomestorememberingnewinformation?Intotal24participantstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthemtowritewithapenandtheneachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.Whileperformingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes(电极)nexttotheirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors.Thosesensorsrecordedtheparticipants’brainwaves.Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andtheyshowedthatwritingturnedonmemoryareasinthebrainwhiletypingdidn’t.AudreyvanderMeer,thenewstudy’sleader,saysthissuggeststhatwhenwewritebyhand,werememberbetter.“Thisisbecausewritinginvolvescomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivitygivesthebrainmore‘hooks’tohangyourmemorieson.”sheexplains.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthatwritingbyhandisrelatedtovisualnotetaking.“Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnotetakerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbeinterlinkedbyboxes,arrowsandsmalldrawings,”sheadds.Thisstudydoesnotrecommendbanningdigitaldevices.Infact,itsauthorspointout,computersandotherdeviceswithkeyboardshavebecomenecessaryinmodernsociety.Keyboardingcanespeciallybenefitthosewithcertainspecialneeds(suchasiftheyhavetroubleusingtheirhands)andtypingbeatswritingwhenitcomestospeed,theyadd.36.Whywereparticipantsaskedtowearcapsinthestudy?A.Torecordtheirbrainwaves. B.Toinformthemoftheirtasks.C.Toallowthemtofocusonwriting. D.Toprotecttheirheadslikehairnets.37.WhatdoesAudreyvanderMeertrytoexplain?A.Whyhandwritingismorecomplexthantyping. B.Whythebrainworkswhenitcomestolearning.C.Whysmalldrawingsareconnectedtomemory. D.Whykeywordsarehelpfultovisualnotetaking.38.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?A.helpsyoutoremembermoredetails. B.remindsyoutohaveregularreviews.C.tagsyourmemoriesforfurtherrecalling. D.easesyourtensionofmemorizingthings.39.Whatisthestudy’sauthors’viewontyping?A.Itrelievespeople’sbands. B.Itremainsvitalandhelpful.C.Itisnotworthrecommending. D.Itismorechallengingthanw