江西省新八校2023届高三上学期第一次联考英语试卷+含答案

2023届高三第一次联考英语试题(试卷分150分考试用时120分钟)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷(选择题,共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemandecidetodo?A.Gotoworkonfoot.B.Takeasightseeingtrip.C.Startworkearlierthanusual.2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthedish?A.Itisaroutineoffer.B.Itisagoodbargain.C.Itisanewdish,onthemenu.3.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Managerandclerk.4.WhattimedidJackleavehome?A.At10:30.B.At10:50.C.At11:20.5.WhosehouseisthewomanprobablyvisitingforEasterDay?A.Hersister’s.B.Heraunt’s.C.Herbrother’s.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A.Hewentfishing.B.Hepickedgrapes.C.HewatchedTV.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherweekend?A.Wonderful.B.Excited.C.Boring.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What’sthefirstthingthespeakerswilldoafterschool?A.Gotothelibrary.B.Goswimming.C.Goshopping.9.Whendidthemanstopswimmingprobably?A.Oneandahalfyearsago.B.Almostoneyearago.C.Morethantwoyearsago..10.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.Afterclass.B.Tomorrow.CNextweek.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howoftendoesthewomanholdaparty?A.Rarely.B.Everyday.C.Everyseveralweeks.12.Whatistheattitudeofthewoman?A.Angry.B..Cooperative.C.Surprised.13.Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?A.Overthephone.B.Ataparty.C.Inthepolicestation.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whoisthewoman?A.Apolicewoman.B.Afriendoftheman’swife.C.Asecretaryinaclinic.15.Whatdayisitwhenthemaniscalling?A.Tuesday.B.Wednesday.C.Thursday.16.Whatistheman’sapartmentnumber?A.11.B.17.C.70.17.WhereisthemangoingonThursdayafternoon?A.Tothewoman’shome.B.ToLocklearStreet.C.ToDr.Silver’sOffice..听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WheredidyoungpeopleintheUKtraditionallymakenewfriends?A.Atparties.B.Inpubs.C.Atconcerts.19.WhichisthemostsuccessfulsocialnetworkingwebsiteintheUK?1A.MySpace.B.MSNSpaces.C.Yebo.20.Whyarethesefreewebsitessosuccessful?A.Theyareinteresting.B.Theyareavailableeverywhere.C.Theyareeasytouse.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABestInternationalPhotographyConteststoEnterRHSPhotographicCompetitionIfyouareinterestedintakingphotosofyourgarden,enterthisflower-photo-friendlycontest,whichincludescategoriesfor11-year-oldsto17-year-oldsandevenkidsunder11yearsold.ThisphotocompetitionisorganizedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSociety,whichisintendedforphotographers,horticulturalistsandgardenlovers.EntryFee:FreePrize:$6,000foreachwinneroffirstprizeIstanbulPhotoAwardsOrganizedbytheAnadoluAgency,theinternationalnewsphotographycontestaimstodevelopthenewsphotographyareaandseekstorewardhard-workingnewsphotographersaroundtheworld.ThecategoriesinthiscontestarePhotooftheYear,SingleNews,StoryNews,SingleSportsandStorySportsEntryFee:FreePrize:$8,000forPhotooftheYearandfirstprizeinSingleNewsCategory.Thefirstprizeinothercategoriesis$5,000ZEISSPhotographyAwardZEISSPhotographyAwardisorganizedwiththepartnershipofZeissandtheWorldPhotographyOrganization.Thephotographersareinvitedtosubmitphotoswhosethemeis“SeeingBeyondDiscoveries”.Eachphotographerhastosubmit5imageswhichhavenotbeenpublishedbefore.WinnerswillbeinvitedtoLondontoparticipateintheSonyWorldPhotographyAwardsexhibitionopening.EntryFee:FreePrize:ZEISSlenses(镜头)ofyourchoice(worth12,000euros)and3,000eurostocovertravelexpensesMonoVisionsPhotographyAwardsLeadingphotographymagazineMonoVisionswillawardcreativeexpressionintheblackandwhitemedium.Thisblackandwhitephotographycompetitionisalsoopenforamateurs,andphotostakenwithtraditionalordigitalmediaareaccepted.ThetwosectionsofthecompetitionareBlackandWhiteSeriesoftheYearandBlackandWhitePhotooftheYear.EntryFee:$20forasinglephoto;$25foraseries(maximum8photoswithacommonconcept)Prize:$2,000forthetopsingle;$3,000forthetopseries1.Ifyouareagardenlover,whichcontestshouldyouenter?A.ZEISSPhotographyAward. B.MonoVisionsPhotographyAwards.C.RHSPhotographicCompetition. D.IstanbulPhotoAwards.2.WhataretheparticipantsofZEISSPhotographyAwardrequiredtodo?A.Payfortheirentry. B.Usedigitalmedia.C.Submitunpublishedimages. D.Providemeansofidentification.3.WhatisspecialaboutMonoVisionsPhotographyAwards?A.Itchargesanentryfee. B.Ithasanagelimit.C.Itoffersthehighestprize. D.Itisjointlyorganized.【答案】1.C2.C3.A1题详解】细节理解题。根据RHSPhotographicCompetition部分中的“ThisphotocompetitionisorganizedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSociety,whichisintendedforphotographers,horticulturalistsandgardenlovers.(本次摄影比赛由英国皇家园艺学会组织，专为摄影师、园艺师和园艺爱好者举办)”可知如果你是一个园艺爱好者，你应该参加RHSPhotographicCompetition。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ZEISSPhotographyAward部分中的“Eachphotographerhastosubmit5~10imageswhichhavenotbeenpublishedbefore.(每个摄影师必须提交5~10张以前没有发表过的照片)”可知ZEISSPhotographyAward的参赛者需要提交以前未发表过的照片。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据四个比赛的EntryFee部分可知，只有MonoVisionsPhotographyAwards要求参赛者缴纳参赛费。故选A。BOnMarch15,2022,FrancisKérébecamethefirstAfricanarchitecttowinthePritzkerPrize,themostimportantawardinthearchitecturediscipline.“Canyouimagine?”heexclaimed.“IwasborninalittlevillagewheretherewasnoschoolinBurkinaFaso.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecauseIcouldthentranslateorreadhimhisletters.”Franciswasthefirstofhiscommunitytoattendschool.Astherewerenoeducationalfacilitiesinthearea,atage7hewenttolivewithhisuncleinthenearesttown.ThankstotwoscholarshipsofferedbyGermaninstitutions,hewasabletostartstudyingcarpentry(木匠)in1985and,tenyearslater,tostartstudyingarchitecture.Althoughhebeganstudyingarchitectureattheageof30,Francis’careerpathisparticularlyfast.Hebuilthisfirstbuilding,GandoPrimarySchool,whenhewasstillincollege.Inthisproject,Francisunderstandsthathisdesignistheresultofcombiningbasicneeds,limitedbudgetsandconvincingcommunitiestoworkasateam,ofcourse,withoutsacrificingthebeautyofarchitecture.Impoverishedcountries(贫困国家)donothaveenoughinfluencetoshapeanddelivertheirowncultureorbrandtotheworld,butareleftinthechargeofwhatdevelopednationsunderstand.ForthisreasonFrancisisawarethat“TheWestknowshowtopresentitsculture.EverybodyisdominatedbytheimagesproducedintheWestand,therefore,hischallengeistocreatealocalarchitecturallanguage,oneofthemanythatAfricanarchitecturecancoin(创造),withoutfallingintothestereotypeoftheimpoverishedvillageorviolentslums(贫民窟)atpollutedoutskirts.”ThefirstblackwinnerofthePritzkenPrizehasalreadyreceivenumeroushonorsinhisfield,includingtheAgaKhanAwardforArchitectureandtheThomasJeffersonMedal.“FrancisKéréispioneeringarchitecture—sustainabletotheearthanditsinhabitants—inlandsofextremescarcity(缺乏),”saidcommitteechair,TomPritzker,inastatement.“Heisequallyarchitectandservant,improvinguponthelivesandexperiencesofcountlesscitizensinaregionofthewordthatisattimesforgotten.Throughbuildingthatshowbeauty,modesty,boldnessandinvention,andbytheintegrity(完整性)ofhisarchitecture,Kérégracefullyupholds(维护)themissionofthisprize.”ThePritzkerjury(评审团),byawardinghim,alsorewardedawayofpracticingarchitecturethathappensindifferentlatitudes(纬度)oftheword:Theadaptationoflocaltechniquesasaneffectiveresponsetotheclimatecrisisandthescarcityofresources.4.WhichyearwasFrancisKéréprobablybornin?A.1978. B.1977. C.1955. D.1965.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dominated”meaninparagraph3?A.astonished. B.misled. C.controlled. D.convinced6.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutFrancisKéré?A.Hestudiedarchitectureforhisfatheratthebeginning.B.ThePritzkerPrizeisthefirstprizehewon.C.Hewantstobreakthefixedimageofunderdevelopedareas.D.Hisfirstbuildingshowedmodesty,boldness,withoutthebeautyofarchitecture.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.FrancisKéréisaservantservinginhisbuildingstoimprovecitizens’life.B.FrancisKérélikescreatingandchallengingthingsinarchitecture.C.FrancisKéré’sworkfocusesonsustainabilityoftheearth.D.ThemissionofthePritzkerPrizeistopracticearchitectureinresponsetotheclimatechange.【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThankstotwoscholarshipsofferedbyGermaninstitutions,hewasabletostartstudyingcarpentry(木匠)in1985and,tenyearslater,tostartstudyingarchitecture.Althoughhebeganstudyingarchitectureattheageof30,Francis’careerpathisparticularlyfast.(得益于德国机构提供的两项奖学金，他得以在1985年开始学习木工，十年后开始学习建筑。尽管弗朗西斯30岁开始学习建筑，但他的职业道路却特别快。)”可知，他在1985年开始学习木工工艺，10年后开始学习建筑，此时他30岁，可知他可能出生于1965年，故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Impoverishedcountries(贫困国家)donothaveenoughinfluencetoshapeanddelivertheirowncultureorbrandtotheworld,butareleftinthechargeofwhatdevelopednationsunderstand.(贫困国家没有足够的影响力来塑造和向世界传递自己的文化或品牌，而是任由发达国家的理解控制。)”可知，贫困国家因为没有足够的影响力来塑造和向世界传递自己的文化或品牌，任由发达国家控制。因此，每个人也都被西方输出的形象“主导，控制”，故可推断动词dominate与动词control“控制”同义。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EverybodyisdominatedbytheimagesproducedintheWestand,therefore,hischallengeistocreatealocalarchitecturallanguage,oneofthemanythatAfricanarchitecturecancoin(创造),withoutfallingintothestereotypeoftheimpoverishedvillageorviolentslums(贫民窟)atpollutedoutskirts.(每个人都被西方产生的图像所支配，因此，他的挑战是创造一种当地的建筑语言，这是非洲建筑可以创造的众多语言之一,而不会陷入污染的郊区里贫困村庄或暴力贫民窟的刻板印象。)”可知，他致力于创造一种当地的建筑语言，而不会陷入污染的郊区里贫困村庄或暴力贫民窟的刻板印象，说明他想打破这种刻板印象，故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句““FrancisKéréispioneeringarchitecture—sustainabletotheearthanditsinhabitants—inlandsofextremescarcity(缺乏),”saidcommitteechair,TomPritzker,inastatement.(委员会主席TomPritzker在一份声明中表示：‘FrancisKéré是建筑行业的开拓者，在资源匮乏的土地上，对地球及其居民而言，是可持续。)”可知，他正在资源匮乏的土地上践行开创性的建筑事业，可推断出他喜欢创造和挑战。故选B项。CAfirstlookmaymakeyouthinkitisaseesaw.ButpeopleoftheYiethnicgroupwilltellyouit’scompletelydifferentanditcanbeusedforacompetitivesport.“Damoqiuisatraditionalsportandcelebrationduringfestivals,”saidLiJingming,aninheritorofdamoqiu.“Istartedplayingattheageof5yearsold.”Lisaidthattheseesaw-likeequipmentfordamoqiuismadeupoftwopoles.Onestandsuponthegroundwithaheightof1.5metersandtheother5-meterpolewithasmallholeinthemiddlelieshorizontallyonit,connectingwithitthroughthesmallhole.Whenplaying,oneortwoperformerssitorcrawloneachsideofthehorizontalpole.Theyneedtousetheirstrengthfromtheirbellyorlegstokeepbalanceonthepolewhiledoingdifferentpostures.Duetoitscomplexity,damoqiuwaslistedin2016asanintangibleculturalheritageinLonglincounty,GuangxiZhuangautonomousregion.“Manypeoplesimplyplaydamoqiuforfun,”said61-year-oldLi.“Yet,takingitasaprofessionalsportismoreagameofbravery.”AccordingtoLi,sincethehorizontalpoleonlyhangsonthestandingpole,it’salwaysspinning,makingithardforperformerstokeepbalance.“Ifyou’relackinginstrength,it’seasytotiltandyoumayevenslipdownfromthepole.Sometimes,it’sevendangerous,”addedLi.Damoqiuasaprofessionalsportalsorequiresgreateffortandpatience.Lirecalledthattrainingforanewposturesometimesrequiresseveraldays.“Repetitionispartofourdailyroutine.Thoughit’sdull,itrequiresourefforttokeepthetraditionalive.”Lisaid.Asmoreandmoreyoungpeopleleavevillagestoearnmoneyinthebigcities,theyhavelesstimetotrainonthepoleanddevelopnewpostures.“It’sapitythatdamoqiuisdisappearingfromthecompetitivestagenow.”saidLi,addingthathehasonlyhadfivedisciplesintrainingformanyyears.Tomakedamoqiuaccessibletomorepeople,Linotonlyteachesitinschoolsvoluntarily,butalsoperformsinmanycompetitionstoshowthesport’scharmtoaudiences.8.Whatdoweknowaboutdamoqiu?A.ItisatraditionalsportinNorthwestChina.B.ItrequiresatleastthreepeopletoplayC.Peoplehavetokeepbalanceonthehorizontalpole.D.Itwasrecognizedasanintangibleculturalheritagein2006.9.WhatdoesLithinkisimportantforplayingdamogiuasaprofessionalsport?A.Passionandgoodathleticability. B.Greateffort,patienceandstrength.C.Patience,creativityandenergy. D.Strengthandrelevantpreviousexperience.10.Whatisparagraph8mainlyabout?AYoungpeople’sviewsondamoqiu. B.ThereasonswhyyoungpeopleC.Thecurrentdevelopmentofdamoqiu. D.Thedifficultiesofpassingdowndamoqiu11.HowdoesLipromotedamoqiu?A.Bywritingabookonit. B.Byperformingitinmanycompetitions.C.Bymakingitanelectivecourseinlocalschools. D.Byintroducingandteachingittopeopleonline.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.B【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theyneedtousetheirstrengthfromtheirbellyorlegstokeepbalanceonthepolewhiledoingdifferentpostures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”可得知他们需要在水平杆上保持平衡，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyneedtousetheirstrengthfromtheirbellyorlegstokeepbalanceonthepolewhiledoingdifferentpostures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”和第六段“Damoqiuasaprofessionalsportalsorequiresgreateffortandpatience.(打磨秋作为一项职业运动也需要极大的努力和耐心)”可得知打磨秋需要努力，耐心和体力，故选B。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第八段“Asmoreandmoreyoungpeopleleavevillagestoearnmoneyinthebigcities,theyhavelesstimetotrainonthepoleanddevelopnewpostures.“It’sapitythatdamoqiuisdisappearingfromthecompetitivestagenow.”saidLi,addingthathehasonlyhadfivedisciplesintrainingformanyyears.(随着越来越多的年轻人离开农村到大城市赚钱，他们很少有时间训练打磨秋，培养新的姿势。“很遗憾，打磨秋现在正在从竞争舞台上消失。”李说，并补充说，他多年来只有5名弟子在训练)”可推知，这一段在讲打磨秋正在竞争舞台上消逝的原因，故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Linotonlyteachesitinschoolsvoluntarily,butalsoperformsinmanycompetitionstoshowthesport’scharmtoaudiences.(李不仅在学校里自愿教授这项运动，还在许多比赛中表演，向观众展示这项运动的魅力)”可得出李通过参与表演和在学校自愿教学去推动“打磨秋”活动的普及。故选B。DTheAmericanspaceagencyNASAsaysaspacecrafthasenteredthesun’soutermostatmosphereforthefirsttime.ScientistsannouncedthatParkerSolarProbetraveledthroughthesolaratmosphere’souteredge,knownasthecorona(日冕).Theydescribedtheentryasasuccessfultouchonthesun.UnlikeEarth,thesundoesnothaveasolidsurface.Instead,itisasuperheatedballofmaterialheldtogetherbygravityandmagnetic(磁的)forces.Thetemperatureofthecoronaissohighthatthesun’sgravitycannotholdontoitandsomesolarmaterialescapesfromitandgoesintospace,whichcausesthesolarwind.Thesolarwindistheflowofchargedpieces,knownasplasma.ParkerSolarProbewaslaunchedin2018whichmainlystudiedthesolarwind.Thesunisactuallyamagneticvariablestarwithsolaractivityhappeningnearlyperiodically.Scientistssaidbeingabletostudythesolarwindandthecoronacloseupcouldhelpthembetterunderstand“thewaytheactivitycauseschangestotheplanetweliveon”.“Wecanactuallyseethespacecraftflyingthroughthecoronalstructureduringatotalsolareclipse(日全食),”NourRaouafi,theprojectscientist,said,addingthatittookthemafewmonthstoexamineinformationfromthespacecraftandtoconfirmtheresultandthattheevidenceusedincludeddataonmagneticfieldsandthesolarwind,aswellasimages.ScientistsreportedParkerSolarProbesuccessfullywentinandoutofthecoronaatleastthreetimes.TheParkerteamsaidearlydataalsosuggestedthespacecraftmayhaveenteredthecoronaduringitsninthcloseapproachinAugustbutafurtherstudyisneededtomakeaconfirmation.Thespacecraftisexpectedtokeepgettingclosertothesunanddivingdeeperintothecoronauntilitsfinalorbit,plannedfor2025.12Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarwindfromthetext?A.Itaffectsthecorona’stemperature. B.Itfunctionsasthesurfaceofthesun.C.Itiscausedbymagneticforces. D.Itcomesfromthesun’souteratmosphere.13.WhydidNASAlaunchParkerSolarProbe?A.Tofindoutwhysolaractivityhappens.B.ToknowhowsolaractivityinfluencesEarth.C.Togetmoreevidenceofthesolarwind.D.Totakemeasurestocontrolthesolarwind.14.Whatarethescientists’attitudetotheirfindings?A.Confused. B.Doubtful. C.Cautious. D.Favorable.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SpacecraftTouchestheSunfortheFirstTimeB.ParkerUncoverstheSecretsoftheSolarWindC.NASABroughtNewDiscoveriesabouttheSunD.ParkerIsDesignedtoReachtheSunin2025【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“TheAmericanspaceagencyNASAsaysaspacecrafthasenteredthesun’soutermostatmosphereforthefirsttime.ScientistsannouncedthatParkerSolarProbetraveledthroughthesolaratmosphere’souteredge,knownasthecorona(日冕).(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。)”和第二段的“Thetemperatureofthecoronaissohighthatthesun’sgravitycannotholdontoitandsomesolarmaterialescapesfromitandgoesintospace,whichcausesthesolarwind.(日冕的温度很高，太阳的引力无法抓住它，一些太阳物质从日冕逃逸到太空中，这就造成了太阳风。)”可知，一些太阳物质会从日冕中逃出，进入太空形成太阳风，而日冕指太阳大气的最外层，由此可知，太阳风来自太阳大气的外层。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“ParkerSolarProbewaslaunchedin2018whichmainlystudiedthesolarwind.Thesunisactuallyamagneticvariablestarwithsolaractivityhappeningnearlyperiodically.Scientistssaidbeingabletostudythesolarwindandthecoronacloseupcouldhelpthembetterunderstand“thewaytheactivitycauseschangestotheplanetweliveon”(帕克太阳探测器于2018年发射，主要研究太阳风。太阳实际上是一颗磁变星，太阳活动几乎周期性地发生。科学家们表示，能够近距离研究太阳风和日冕，可以帮助他们更好地理解“太阳风活动对我们生活的星球造成的变化方式”。)”可知，“帕克太阳探测器”主要研究太阳风，以帮助科学家更好地了解太阳活动如何影响我们的地球。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“ittookthemafewmonthstoexamineinformationfromthespacecraftandtoconfirmtheresultandthattheevidenceusedincludeddataonmagneticfieldsandthesolarwind,aswellasimages(他们花了几个月的时间来检查来自航天器的信息，并确认结果，所用的证据包括磁场和太阳风的数据，以及图像)”和第五段的“butafurtherstudyisneededtomakeaconfirmation(但还需要进一步的研究来证实)”可知，科学家们花费数月时间检查来自航天器的信息并确认结果，并且认为需要开展新研究以确认“帕克太阳探测器”在8月份是否进入日冕。由此可推断出科学家们对他们的发现的态度是谨慎的。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“TheAmericanspaceagencyNASAsaysaspacecrafthasenteredthesun’soutermostatmosphereforthefirsttime.ScientistsannouncedthatParkerSolarProbetraveledthroughthesolaratmosphere’souteredge,knownasthecorona(日冕).Theydescribedtheentryasasuccessfultouchonthesun.(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。他们称这次进入是一次成功的太阳之旅。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的“帕克太阳探测器”首次近距离接近太阳，故A项“SpacecraftTouchestheSunfortheFirstTime(宇宙飞船首次接触太阳)”作标题最佳。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoLoveYourselfSometimesitseemseasiertoloveothersthanitdoestoloveyourself,butself-acceptanceisanimportantpartofdevelopinghealthyrelationshipswithothers.____16____.Italsomeanslivingyourownlifeashonestlyasyoucan.Luckily,withalittlepracticeandpatience,youcanlearntoloveyourself,too.Knowthedangersofalackofself-love.Alackofself-lovecanleadyoutomakeharmfulchoices.Itcanleadtoaharmfuldependenceonothersforvalidation,whichmakespeoplesetasidetheirownneedsinordertogainothers’approval.____17____Discardyournegativefilter.____18____Toomuchfocusonnegativeorlessfavorableeventsinyour,lifecanmaketheseeventsseemdisproportionately(不成比例地)important.Ifyoufindyourselfcomplainingthateverythingthathappenstoyouisbad,trytofindalittleevidencetothecontrary.Itisveryunlikelythateverythingisreallybad.____19____.Somepeoplehavetroubleacceptinganythinglessthanperfectionfromthemselves.Ifyoufindyourselfpursuingperfectionismandfeelingnegativelyaboutyourselfwhenyouarelessthanperfect,takethreesimplesteps.Stopyourcurrentlineofthinking,thenfocusontheeffortthatwillberequiredtoworktowardagoal,andthensteadilyapplytherequiredeffort.Celebrateandrewardyourself.Thisisthefunpartofself-love:rewardingyourself!____20____celebrateitwithanicedinneratyourfavoritefancyrestaurant.Thinkofallofthehardworkyoudoeveryday,andfindareasontorewardyourselfwithsomethingnice.Buyyourselfthenewbookorvideogameyou’vehadyoureyeon.A.AvoidperfectionismB.Reflectontheeffectsofself-loveC.IfyouhavehadasignificantaccomplishmentD.WhenyouarethinkingnegativelyaboutyourselfE.ItcanalsopreventemotionalrecoveryandprogressF.Lovingyourselfmeansrecognizingyourownself-worthG.Focusingonlyonthenegativesinyourlifeisabadhabit【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.A20.C【16题详解】由空后的“Italsomeanslivingyourownlifeashonestlyasyoucan.(这也意味着你要尽可能诚实地过自己的生活)”和该段主题可知，空处与这一句是递进关系，都是在讲爱自己意味着什么的相关内容，且F项中means一词也与空后一句中的alsomeans相呼应。故F选项“爱自己意味着认识到你的自身价值”符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】本段的主题句是“Knowthedangersofalackofself-love.(知道缺乏自爱的危险)”可知，本句是对该主题句的进一步说明。空前一句“Itcanleadtoaharmfuldependenceonother.(这会导致对他人的有害依赖)”中的Itcan也和E项中的Itcanalso相呼应。故E选项“它还可以阻止情绪的恢复和进步”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】由本段的主题句“Discardyournegativefilter.(丢弃你的负面滤镜)”可知，本段主要讲述的是应尽量克服自己的消极想法。分析选项可知，G项对主题句的补充说明，同时又引出了下文要阐述的内容。故G选项“只关注你生活中消极的东西是一个不好的习惯”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】从空处所在的位置可判断空处应填本段的主题句。本段讲述了“当你发现自己追求完美，而对自己不够完美感到消极时可采取的三个简单的步骤”，与A项“避免完美主义”相吻合。此外，我们也可以通过词汇复现法从本段中找出关键词(perfection，perfectionism和perfect)，选出正确答案。故选A。【20题详解】从结构看，本空应填入一个从句，而C、D两个选项都是从句。从段落的主题句“Celebrateandrewardyourself(庆祝并奖励自己)”可知，C项“如果你取得了一项重大的成就”中的“成就”与主题句中的“庆祝”和“奖励”相呼应。故选C。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thissummer,14studentsfromtheSchoolofJournalismandCommunication,PekingUniversitywentonasocialpracticetriptoNihegouvillage,Yulin,inShaanxiProvince.Theywalkedacrossthecountryside,____21____thelandonfootandengagedinaseriesofactivities.Astheirjourney____22____,thestudentshandedvillagersaspecialand____23____gift—portrait(肖像)photosofeachvillagerbeforetheirleaving.Thestudents____24____thoseportraitphotosinamakeshiftphotostudiotheyhad____25____inthevillagecommittee(村委会)building.____26____,withabasketofreddates(红枣),afreshly-pickedwatermelon,orafarmingtoolinhand,smiling,____27____theirplainyetrichlivesinfrontofthecameras.Some____28____nexttotheirwivesorhusbands,ortheirgrandchildren,posingforawarmand____29____familyphoto.“Takingportraitphotosforthe____30____inthevillageiswhatwehadthoughtaboutdoingsinceourteamwas____31____,”wroteZhangYunling,agraduatestudentfromtheSchoolofJournalismandCommunication,“andwe____32____thatwhilewewereinthevillagewecoulddosomething____33____forthevillagers.”Nihegouisatypical“seniorvillage”wherealmostall____34____wereabove60,andwithoutasinglephotostudio,thevillagershardlyhadany____35____oftakingphotos,Zhangexplained,adding,“Wehopedtotakethisopportunitytoshootsome‘formal’photosforthemandto____36____theseaging,hard-workingpeople.”“Throughoutthedayofthe____37____,Ihadbeen____38____affectedbytheiremotionsandintheirsmilingfacesIcouldreadtheirpure____39____andthepassiontheyhadforlife.”Zhangsaid.“NeverbeforehadIfeltthe____40____ofphotography.”21.A.surveyed B.measured C.owned D.developed22.A.cameintoforce B.becameareality C.drewtoaclose D.madeabigdifference23.A.expensive B.memorable C.magical D.traditional.24.A.showed B.sold C.collected D.took25.A.handedover B.putup C.takendown D.givenback26.A.Students B.Villagers C.Journalists D.Builders27.A.presented B.dreamed C.described D.lived28.A.slept B.argued C.sat D.lay29.A.artificial B.complete C.classical D.loving30.A.rich B.poor C.disabled D.elderly31.A.formed B.dismissed C.assessed D.enlarged32.A.imagined B.explained C.hoped D.answered33.A.reasonable B.meaningful C.efficient D.important34.A.residents B.officers C.ladies D.neighbors35.A.awareness B.chance C.money D.skill36.A.praise B.change C.record D.attract37.A.research B.observation C.visit D.shoot38.A.barely B.possibly C.constantly D.occasionally39.A.kindness B.generosity C.luck D.bravery40.A.cycle B.history C.goal D.power【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.D31.A32.C33.B34.A35.B36.C37.D38.C39.A40.D【解析】【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们穿过乡村，徒步勘测土地，并进行了一系列的活动。A.surveyed调查；B.measured测量；C.owned拥有；D.developed发展。根据后文“thelandonfootand”指勘测土地，应用survey。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们的旅程接近尾声时，学生们在离开前给村民们递上了一份特别的、值得纪念的礼物——每位村民的肖像照片。A.cameintoforce生效；B.becameareality成为现实；C.drewtoaclose渐近结束，告终；D.madeabigdifference有影响。根据后文“portraitphotosofeachvillagerbeforetheirleaving”可知，旅程接近尾声。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们的旅程接近尾声时，学生们在离开前给村民们递上了一份特别的、值得纪念的礼物——每位村民的肖像照片。A.expensive昂贵的；B.memorable难忘的；C.magical神奇的；D.traditional传统的。根据后文“gift—portraitphotosofeachvillager”可知，指一份特别的、值得纪念的礼物——每位村民的肖像照片。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们在村委会大楼里临时搭起的照相馆里拍了那些肖像照。A.showed展示；B.sold出售；C.collected收集；D.took带走。根据后文“thoseportraitphotos”指拍照，应用动词take。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：学生们在村委会大楼里临时搭起的照相馆里拍了那些肖像照。A.handedover移交；B.putup提供，建造；C.takendown记下；D.givenback归还。根据上文“amakeshiftphotostudiotheyhad”指搭建的照相馆，应用putup。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：村民们手里拿着一篮红枣，一个刚摘的西瓜，或者一件农具，微笑着在镜头前展示了他们朴素而富裕的生活。A.Students学生；B.Villagers村民；C.