《水处理技术（双语）》课件-水的供给与净化单元

Watersupplyunit水的供给单元概述Overview本模块介绍了为确保饮用水的质量而所需的程序以及特定的指导值。Thismoduledescribestheproceduresrequiredtoensurethequalityofdrinkingwaterandthespecificguidelinevalues.由于普通的实验室设备即可完成该项工作，因此本模块重点强调配水系统。Thismoduleemphasizeswaterdistributionsystemssinceordinarylaboratoryequipmentcandothejob.它提供了各种练习，以便学员能高效操作各种泵，测量管道系统内的水压和流量，将水运输至水塔，向不同压力区供水，并了解检测失水量的方法。Itprovidesavarietyofexercisessothatparticipantscanefficientlyoperatevariouspumps,measurewaterpressureandflowwithinapipingsystem,transportwatertoawatertower,supplywatertodifferentpressurezones,andunderstandmethodsfordetectingwaterloss.概述Overview概述Overview本系统设计用于学习模块“供水”、“监控、控制与优化操作”及“水和废水处理厂的水净化和能源优化”。Thesystemisdesignedforthelearningmodules"Watersupply","Monitoring,controlandoptimizationofoperations"and"Waterpurificationandenergyoptimizationinwaterandwastewatertreatmentplants".由于本系统可用于三种学习模块，其应用范围广泛，因此学员们可在其上进行多种练习。Sincethesystemcanbeusedforthreelearningmodules,ithasawiderangeofapplications,sostudentscanperformavarietyofexercisesonit学习模块“监控、控制与优化操作”中，泵是主要主题之一，其他练习针对的是水运输控制技术，从而采用最佳方式向消费者分配饮用水。Inthelearningmodule"Monitoring,ControlandOptimizationofOperations",thepumpisoneofthemaintopics,whileotherexercisesfocusonwatertransportcontroltechniquesinordertooptimallydistributedrinkingwatertoconsumers.此外，研究内容还包括水从源头到消费者的流向。Inaddition,thestudycoverstheflowofwaterfromthesourcetotheconsumer.概述Overview功能Function该工作单元通过高架水箱（例如：水塔）进行水的储存和配送。Thisworkunitstoresanddistributeswaterthroughanelevatedwatertank(e.g.,watertower).通过泵向高架水箱注水，泵可以在控制模式或调节模式下工作。取水量通过阀来实现。Waterisinjectedintotheelevatedtankbymeansofapump,whichcanoperateincontrolmodeorregulationmode.Thewaterwithdrawalisdonethroughavalve.过程控制软件调节阀的开关特性。输送污水时，根据取水特性产生泵控制和冲击载荷的反馈信息。Processcontrolsoftwareregulatestheopeningandclosingcharacteristicsofthevalve.Whenconveyingwastewater,feedbackinformationonpumpcontrolandshockloadsisgeneratedbasedonthewithdrawalcharacteristics.图为过程控制软件theprocesscontrolsoftware图为阀

a

valve图为高架水箱theelevatedwatertank功能Function另一个培训重点是“供应水量与实际送达水量”的平衡。Anotherfocusofthetrainingwasthebalancebetween"watersuppliedandwateractuallydelivered".许多供水系统存在泄漏并造成显著的浪费，专业人员的排查工作有着重大的实际意义。Manywatersystemshaveleaksandcausesignificantwaste,andtheworkofprofessionalstoidentifythemisofgreatpracticalimportance.该装置可来提供相应练习，使用阀来模拟泄漏，然后确定泄漏位置。Thedevicecanbeusedtoprovideacorrespondingexercise,usingthevalvetosimulatealeakandthendeterminethelocationoftheleak.图为自来水管爆裂

theburstwaterpipe图为工作人员排查管网隐患

thestaffinvestigatingthehiddendangersofthepipenetwork水的基本要求Basicrequirementsofwater根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的饮用水质量指导标准，“获得安全的饮用水至关重要，是一项基本人权，也是一项保障健康的有效举措”。AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)guidelinesfordrinkingwaterquality,"accesstosafedrinkingwaterisessential,abasichumanright,andaneffectivesafeguardforhealth".第4版饮用水质量指导标准规定了各种要求，以确保饮用水的安全性，包括最低要求的步骤和特定的指导值，以及如何应用这些要求。The4theditionoftheDrinkingWaterQualityGuidelinespecifiesrequirementstoensurethesafetyofdrinkingwater,includingtheminimumrequiredstepsandspecificguidancevalues,andhowtoapplytheserequirements.下表给出了世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的饮用水质量最重要的参数。ThefollowingtablegivesthemostimportantparametersofdrinkingwaterqualityasdefinedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).水的基本要求Basicrequirementsofwater水是一种基础必需品，为满足基本要求并保障公共卫生，必须提供足量的用水。下表显示的是世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的达到公共卫生要求所需的水量。Waterisabasicnecessityandmustbeavailableinsufficientquantitiestomeetbasicrequirementsandtosafeguardpublichealth.ThefollowingtableshowstheamountofwaterrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)tomeetpublichealthrequirements.获取最佳水平的饮用水指的是家庭中每人每天的用水量为100l或以上。这些值对于“极低”的健康风险具有重大意义。Accesstooptimallevelsofdrinkingwaterisdefinedas100lormoreofwaterperpersonperdayinthehousehold.Thesevaluesaresignificantfor"verylow"healthrisks.获取中等水平的饮用水是指在100m范围内家庭中每人每天的可用饮水的用量为50l。这意味着“低健康风险”。Accesstoamediumlevelofdrinkingwaterisdefinedas50lofavailablewaterperpersonperdayinahouseholdwithin100m.Thismeans"lowhealthrisk".供水目标Watersupplytarget可靠安全地为人们提供饮用水Reliableandsafesupplyofdrinkingwatertopeople水的质量和数量必须:Thequalityandquantityofwatermustbe:符合国家饮用水标准在任何时候都足以满足家庭、工业和消防服务的需求，Meetingnationaldrinkingwaterstandardsissufficientfordomestic,industrialandfireserviceneedsatalltimes.例如，压力必须高到足以:在家淋浴。Forexample,thepressuremustbehighenoughto:showerathome.供水目标Watersupplytarget为工业生产输送足够的水Deliveringenoughwaterforindustrialproduction使用消防软管确保有效灭火Usefirehosestoensureeffectivefiresuppression原水或未经处理的水来自河流、湖泊或地下蓄水层

Raworuntreatedwaterfromrivers,lakesoraquifers供水目标Watersupplytarget原水取水系统包括:取水点、泵站和管道系统Rawwaterintakesystemincluding:intakepoint,pumpingstationandpipingsystem在净化设备中，水被净化以达到可饮用的状态Inapurificationfacility,waterispurifiedtoadrinkablestate

通过水库和管道网络，水被分配给消费者

Throughanetworkofreservoirsandpipes,waterisdistributedtoconsumers主要组件Maincomponents1.罐，3Ltank,3L2.再循环泵recirculationpump3.溢流缘overflowflange4.2位2通电磁阀2-position2-waysolenoidvalve5.电容式接近传感器capacitiveproximitysensor6.双通球阀，配备气动旋转执行器2-wayballvalvewithpneumaticrotaryactuator7.浮球开关floatswitch8.I/O接口I/Ointerface9.流量传感器flowsensor10.铝支撑板aluminumsupportplate11.超声传感器ultrasonicsensorWaterpurificationunits水的净化单元概述Overview生活用水必须符合特定的要求，最重要的是，它必须要能安全饮用。Waterfordomesticusemustmeetspecificrequirementsand,mostimportantly,itmustbesafetodrink.饮用水指的是既适合饮用、洗涤和烹饪等生活用途，也适合一般工业用途的水。Drinkingwaterisdefinedaswaterthatissuitableforbothdomesticusessuchasdrinking,washingandcooking,andforgeneralindustrialuse.如果水能安全饮用，则不会导致疾病，且如果外观和口感均可接受，即可称为符合饮用质量的用水。Waterissaidtobeofdrinkingqualityifitissafetodrink,ifitdoesnotcausediseaseandifitisacceptableinappearanceandtaste.水净化是指从原水中除去污染物的净化过程Waterpurificationisthepurificationprocessofremovingcontaminantsfromrawwater.其目的是以特定的程序达到把水净化的效果，并用水作不同的用途。Theaimistoachievetheeffectofpurifyingthewaterwithaspecificprocedureandusingitfordifferentpurposes.水净化的方法有很多，此模块模拟污水处理中的净化系统，主要是杀菌消毒，杀菌：水中含有细菌、病菌，可放入适量的药物进行杀菌、消毒。Therearemanymethodsofwaterpurification,thismodulesimulatesthepurificationsysteminsewagetreatment,mainlysterilizationanddisinfection,sterilization:thewatercontainsbacteria,germs,youcanputtherightamountofdrugsforsterilizationanddisinfection.如：漂白粉、氯气及新型消毒剂二氧化氯等。Suchas:bleach,chlorineandnewdisinfectantssuchaschlorinedioxide.概述Overview功能Function该工作单元是一款具有基本水处理功能的装置，采用水箱及溢流边缘的形式。Theworkingunitisabasicwatertreatmentunitintheformofatankandanoverflowrim.Atankwithasubmersiblepumpisrequiredforoperation.工作时需要使用到一个带潜水泵的水箱。可完成水净化、监控、控制与优化操作、水和废水处理装置的能源优化，通过在水净化系统上进行练习，了解各种水净化过程的原理、功能和操作。Waterpurification,monitoring,controlandoptimizationofoperations,energyoptimizationofwaterandwastewatertreatmentunitscanbeaccomplished.Bypracticingonthewaterpurificationsystem,theylearntheprinciples,functionsandoperationsofvariouswaterpurificationprocesses.一方面，他们应用习得的技能来产生对环境安全的流出物，另一方面确保饮用水净化。Ontheonehand,theyapplytheacquiredskillstoproduceeffluentsthataresafefortheenvironmentandontheotherhandensuredrinkingwaterpurification.设置流量值进行流量控制Setflowvalueforflowcontrol通过模拟量压力测量来测量水位Waterlevelmeasurementbyanalogpressuremeasurement通过电容式接近开关来检测水位Waterleveldetectionbycapacitiveproximityswitch学习重点Learningfocus饮用水和氯：全世界均利用氯来处理饮用水。过量添加氯不仅令水厂浪费资金，而且对环境和消费者也产生不利影响。

采用手动加量方法的氯含量测量附加包，1：1在线模拟了氯含量测量的练习情景。可以了解加氯操作，还能够学习如何对故障做出响应和优化。

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