《水处理技术（双语）》课件-废水处理单元

Wastewatertreatmentunits废水处理单元概述Overview废水处理Wastewatertreatment监控、控制与优化操作Monitoring,controlandoptimisationofoperations水和废水处理厂的能源优化Energyoptimisationforwaterandwastewatertreatmentplants概述Overview废水处理Wastewatertreatment01本系统可用于展示废水处理的过程原理Thissystemcanbeusedtodemonstratetheprocessprinciplesofwastewatertreatment02重点围绕沉降、生物处理和污泥回流Focusedaroundsedimentation,biologicaltreatmentandsludgereturn图为废水处理的过程原理Thediagramshowstheprocessprincipleofwastewatertreatment概述Overview能源优化Energyoptimisation图为水和废水处理有关过程Thepictureshowstheprocessesinvolvedinwaterandwastewatertreatment图为曝气生物滤池工艺技术Thepictureshowstheaeration

biofilterprocesstechnology

本系统展示了与水和废水处理有关的过程和措施，特别是曝气。Thissystemdemonstratestheprocessesandmeasuresassociatedwithwaterandwastewatertreatment,withaspecialfocusonaeration.概述Overview图为某废水处理厂Thepictureshowsawastewatertreatmentplant收集家庭、商业建筑物和工业设施所产生的废水，并通过众多的管道，即收集系统，运输至废水处理厂。废水处理厂去除废水中的有机物、有害生物和污染物，然后排放到溪流、河流或湖泊中。Wastewaterfromhouseholds,commercialbuildingsandindustrialfacilitiesiscollectedandtransportedthroughnumerouspipes,knownascollectionsystems,toawastewatertreatmentplant.Wastewatertreatmentplantsremoveorganicmatter,harmfulorganismsandpollutantsfromthewastewaterbeforeitisdischargedintostreams,riversorlakes.图为某废水处理厂净水过程Thepictureshowsthewaterpurificationprocessatawastewatertreatmentplant氮Nitrogen二氧化碳Carbondioxide概述Overview由于存在各种细菌和水藻等某些微生物，水体具有自我自净的能力，可将分解废水中的有机化合物，将其分解并转变成二氧化碳、氮等可吸附部分无机物的简单物质。Duetothepresenceofcertainmicro-organismssuchasvariousbacteriaandalgae,waterbodieshavetheabilitytoself-purify,breakingdownorganiccompoundsinwastewater,breakingthemdownandconvertingthemintosimplesubstancessuchascarbondioxideandnitrogenthatcanadsorbsomeinorganicsubstances.如果微生物有足够的时间来分解有机物并将其保持在一定浓度范围内，则水体的自我净化过程可代替该过程。一旦排放量和浓度上升时，就必须对其进行处理。Ifthemicro-organismshaveenoughtimetobreakdowntheorganicmatterandkeepitwithinacertainconcentrationrange,thewaterbody'sself-purificationprocesscanreplacethisprocess.Oncethedischargeandconcentrationhaveincreased,theymustbetreated.有机化合物Organiccompounds概述Overview在这种情况下，水中细菌滋生，从而导致氧气需求量也随之上升。Undertheseconditions,bacteriagrowinthewater,whichleadstoanincreaseinthedemandforoxygen.废水处理可通过优化细菌分解的条件从而加速分解。Wastewatertreatmentcanacceleratedecompositionby

optimisingtheconditionsforbacterialbreakdown.如果废水处理厂在布局上兼顾高效和经济的特性，则需要根据流率、原废水的组成和有机负荷，处理后水的最终用途、经济可行性、安装所需的厂区占地面积以及温度和降雨量等气候类型等因素，谨慎进行设计。Ifthewastewatertreatmentplantistobelaidoutwithabalanceofefficientandeconomiccharacteristics,itneedstobedesignedcarefully,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasflowrate,compositionandorganicloadingoftherawwastewater,theenduseofthetreatedwater,economicviability,theplantfootprintrequiredforinstallationandthetypeofclimatesuchastemperatureandrainfall.因此，废水处理过程选择以及废水处理厂类型视具体情况而定。

Thechoiceofwastewatertreatmentprocessandthetypeofwastewatertreatmentplantthereforedependsontheindividualcase.图为污水处理流程图Thediagramshowstheflowofsewagetreatment废水处理过程选择处理后水的最终用途经济可行性安装所需的厂区占地面积温度降雨量有机负荷Organicload流率Flowrate原废水的组成Compositionofrawwastewater废水处理单元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作单元构建了活性污泥法污水处理的物理功能。Theworkingunitbuildsthephysicalfunctionsofactivatedsludgewastewatertreatment.它包括一个曝气池和一个二次沉淀池。Itconsistsofanaerationtankandasecondarysedimentationtank.塑料颗粒作为污染物，在空气中风干后可以重复使用。Theplasticpelletsarereusableaspollutantswhenair-dried.污泥回流管路有流量测量，通过可调节泵来设置和监测污泥回流速度。Thesludgereturnlinehasflowmeasurementandthesludgereturnrateissetandmonitoredbyanadjustablepump.功能方面FunctionalityThediagramshowstheworkingprincipleoftheaerationtank图为曝气池工作原理Thediagramshowstheworkingprincipleofthesecondarysedimentationtank图为二次沉淀池工作原理废水处理单元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作单元的溶氧量由电控型气动隔膜泵提供。与可选配的氧气探头组合，能够将供氧装置扩展成闭环控制系统。Dissolvedoxygenfortheworkingunitissuppliedbyanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump.Incombinationwiththeoptionaloxygenprobe,itispossibletoextendtheoxygensupplyunitintoaclosed-loopcontrolsystem.图为电控型气动隔膜泵Thepictureshowsanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump主要组件Maincomponents罐，3LTank,3L流量传感器Flowsensor罐，10LTank,10L

溶解氧传感器（可选附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)

曝气Aeration再循环泵Recirculationpump溢流缘Overflowrim双通电磁阀Two-waysolenoidvalve电容式接近传感器CapacitiveproximitysensorI/O接口I/Ointerface浮球开关Floatswitches铝支撑板Aluminiumsupportplate再循环泵Recirculationpump流量传感器Flowsensor溶解氧传感器（可选附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)罐，10LTank,10L罐，3LTank,10L废水处理系统的管道与仪表示意图Schematicdiagramofpipingandinstrumentationforwastewatertreatmentsystems图为废水处理系统的管道与仪表示意图Thediagramshowsthepipingandinstrumentationofthewastewatertreatmentsystem生活废水的处理过程Domesticwastewatertreatmentprocess0

1预处理Pre-processing0

2一级处理，也叫物理处理Primarytreatment,alsocalledphysicaltreatment.04三级处理，通常涉及加氯消毒。Tertiarytreatment,usuallyinvolvingchlorinationfordisinfection.0

3二级处理，也叫生物处理；Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment.预处理Pre-processing该步骤不影响废水中溶解的有机物。Thisstepdoesnotaffectthedissolvedorganicmatterinthewastewater.其目标是分离较粗的颗粒和沙物质或易于分离的物质，否则可能会严重影响废水处理厂的整体处理以及机器、设备和设施的有效工作。Theobjectiveistoseparatecoarserparticlesandsandysubstancesoreasilyseparablesubstancesthatmightotherwiseseriouslyaffecttheoveralltreatmentofthewastewatertreatmentplantandtheefficientworkingofmachinery,equipmentandfacilities.渠首是指接收输水系统中原废水的初始接收区。滤网过滤出较大的物质，沉渣池让重砂和和岩石沉降下来，然后废水被输送到初级澄清池。Theheadofthedrainistheinitialreceivingareaforrawwastewaterfromthewatertransfersystem.Strainersfilteroutthelargermaterial,sedimentationtanksallowtheheavysandandandrocktosettle,andthewastewateristhenconveyedtotheprimaryclarifiers.此外，还有除去悬浮液中粗大颗粒的筛网，除去致密沙子的沉淀池以及除去脂肪、油、泡沫和其他比水轻的漂浮物质的脱脂过程，以防止这些物质可能会扰乱后续处理过程Inaddition,therearescreenstoremovecoarseparticlesfromthesuspension,settlingtankstoremovedensesandandadegreasingprocesstoremovefats,oils,foamsandotherfloatingsubstancesthatarelighterthanwatertopreventthemfrompotentiallydisturbingthesubsequenttreatmentprocess图为污水预处理过程图Diagramshowingthewastewaterpre-treatmentprocess快速搅拌机慢速搅拌机导流筒中心传动污泥浓缩刮泥机进水Influent污泥螺杆泵污泥回流sludge排泥sludge出水enfluent一级处理Primarytreatment一级处理主要包括通过沉降作用或絮凝反应去除悬浮的絮凝固体，中和酸性以及通过化学沉淀作用消除无机物。Primarytreatmentconsistsmainlyoftheremovalofsuspendedflocculatedsolidsbysedimentationorflocculationreactions,theneutralisationofacidityandtheeliminationofinorganicsubstancesbychemicalprecipitation.在某些情况下，混凝反应也可为沉降过程提供支持。Insomecases,coagulationreactionscanalsosupportthesedimentationprocess.中心进水周边出水辐流式沉淀池示意图二级处理Secondarytreatment二级处理也叫生物处理，处理可降低废水中的有机物。Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment,treatstoreducetheorganicmatterinthewastewater.二级处理的设计基础是上述自然发生的自我净化的生物过程。它有助于防止水体受到自然产生的废水的污染。在相应的过程中，生活废水中的可生物降解的有机物可为细菌群体提供营养物，同时在受控的条件为细菌提供氧气。Secondarytreatmentisdesignedonthebasisofthenaturallyoccurring,self-purifyingbiologicalprocessesdescribedabove.Ithelpstopreventwaterbodiesfrombeingpollutedbynaturallyoccurringwastewater.Inthecorrespondingprocess,thebiodegradableorganicmatterinthedomesticwastewaterprovidesnutrientstothebacterialcommunity,whileoxygenisprovidedtothebacteriaundercontrolledconditions.生物处理是一种可加速自然氧化的过程，即由细菌分解可生物降解的有机物。因此，生物废水处理避免了可导致水体缺氧的污染物进入水体中。使用悬浮生物量进行最常见的需氧废水处理法的是曝气塘和活性污泥槽（也叫曝气池）。Biologicaltreatmentisaprocessthatacceleratesnaturaloxidation,i.e.thebreakdownofbiodegradableorganicmatterbybacteria.Biologicalwastewatertreatmentthereforeavoidstheintroductionofpollutantsintothewatercolumnthatcanleadtooxygendeprivationinthewatercolumn.Themostcommonaerobicwastewatertreatmentmethodsusingsuspendedbiomassareaerationpondsandactivatedsludgetanks(alsocalledaerationbasins).污泥回流内回流进水脱水车间污泥消化池浓缩池一级处理（物理处理）二级处理（生物处理）出水处置沼气利用三级处理Tertiarytreatment三级处理是为了消除二级处理中残留的有机负