英语音标学习

英语音标元音20个单元音12个前元音4个i:ie后元音5个ɑ::u:u中元音3个:双元音8个合口双元音5个eiuaiaui集中双元音3个iu辅音28个清辅音11个ptkfsθttrtsh浊辅音17个bdgvzeddrdzlmnjwr知识:

1元音：发音响亮,是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音;英语中有20元音;

2辅音：发音不响亮,是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音;英语中有28辅音;各个音节的详细读音：/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help///fat/ft/have/hv/cat/kt/back/bk/hat/ht//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//:/horse/h:s/saw/s:/corn/k:n/course/k:s/salt/s:t///dog/dg/pot/pt/cost/kst/what/wt/honest/′nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud///must/mst/does/dz/money/′mni/ugly/′gli/come/km//:/nurse/n:s/bird/b:d/burn/b:n/turn/t:n/girl/g:l///better/bet/never/nev/worker/w:k/welcome/welkm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid//u/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/wrote/rut/note/nut/pose/puz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//i/boy/bi/toy/ti/noise/niz/voice/vis/point/pint/coin/kin//i/ear/i/near/ni/idea/ai′di/hear/hi/mere/mi/spear/spi//ε/air/ε/tear/tε/care/kε/dare/dε/fair/fε/there/eε//u/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/u/moor/mu/停泊your/ju//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/tp/cap/kp/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/blk/bear/bε//t/let/let/sat/st/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/sd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di//k/lack/lk/take/teik/clock/klk/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/lg/glass/gla:s/gum/gm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s:f/favorite/′feivrit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v/serve/s:v/never/′nev//θ/bath/ba:θ/v洗澡thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/n呼吸thought/θ:t/author/′θ/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e/they/eei/that/et/mother/′me/thus/es/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/kps/likes/laiks/stops/stps//z/close/kluz/keys/ki:z/boys/biz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t/catch/kt/cheep/ti:p/rich/rit/watch/wt/child/taild/question/kwestn/teach/ti:t/challenge/tlind//d/orange/′rid/large/la:d/juice/du:s/job/db//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/trk//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/drik/hundred/′hndrid///she/i:/sharp/a:p/fish/fi/shock/k/shoe/u:///pleasure/′ple/measure/′me/television/′telivin//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/hndz/birds/b:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/stndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain///sing/si/wing/wi/ring/ri/long/l/beautiful/bju:tfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wt/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rud/write/rait/wrong/r/problem/′prblm/音标综合练习：1./i://i//e////bit//wi:k//di:l//ril//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//pk//gp//kg//ng//rm//btl//sed//′hpi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://:////u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//d//l:n//n:t//p:z//fks//sk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d//ma:k//l:d//t://st:m//pt//krp//θt//prmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3.///////bz//dl//′hri//glf//′trbl//:n//s:f//′t:n//′beg//tk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k:b//:k//′merik//′sk//′kmp//s′vei//p′veid//p′hps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b:′lesk//′m:d/burlesquemurder3./ei//u//ai//au//i//keip//greit//mein//prpuz//′mun//stun//′uv//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mist//′ist/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i////u//vi//′f//d//sk//bun//gud//′rurl//′pi//klmbi/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/mtiril//mistiris/materialmysterious5./θ//e//mnθ//θi:f//et//en//feiθ//t′gee//θk//em′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves元音发音规则：一、前元音所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部,也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起,舌尖要抵住下齿,口形扁平,不要收圆;四个前元音中发i:的时候舌前部抬得最高,牙床近乎全合;发i的时候舌前部比i:稍低,牙床也开得稍大一些;上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖;发第三个前元音e的时候舌前部比i又要第一些,牙床也开得更大一些;上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖;发第四个前元音的时候舌前部最低,牙床开得最大;上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指;二、后元音所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部,也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起;发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿;除了后元音ɑ:要用中常唇外,其它四个音都要用圆唇,发音时嘴要拢圆;个别的音如uu:嘴唇还要向前突出;其次,要注意后元音的舌位;五个后元音中ɑ:的舌位最低,开口最大;的舌位比ɑ:稍高,开口度比ɑ:稍小;:的舌位比又要更高一些,开口度比再小一些;u的舌位比:又要高一些,开口度再小一些;u:的舌位最高,开口最小;三、中元音所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部,也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起,舌尖可以轻抵下齿,口形扁平或中常;:的舌位最高,的舌位最低,的舌位介乎两者之间,比:稍低,比稍高;上面提到了12个单元音;英语里还有8个双元音;这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解;四、合口双元音所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音i或u;发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动;在滑动过程中,口形、舌位都有明显的变化;另外,还要注意双元音的下面几个特点：1、前长后短前音长后音短;2、前重后轻前音发得重,后音发得轻;3、前音清楚,后音模糊;五、集中双元音所谓集中双元音是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音;发音时要注意第一个元音向第二个元音滑动时的口形和舌位的变化;比如发I时舌位由前元音i向中元音的滑动;口形由半合的扁唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇;发时由相当于前元音的舌位向中元音滑动,口形由半开的中常唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇;发u时由后元音u向中元音的滑动,口形由半合的圆唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇;英语里的28个辅音,按照不同的发音方法又可以把它们分为六类;一、爆破音爆破音一共有六个,根据发音时声带是否振动可以分为清辅音和浊辅音两种;清辅音有三个：p,t,k；浊辅音也有三个：b,d,g;这样,六个爆破音就可以归纳为清、浊相对应的三对;第一对是：p,b,第二对是：t,d,第三对时k,g;二、摩擦音摩擦音一共有十个;其中八个音又可以分为清、浊音相对应的四对;第一对是唇齿摩擦音f,v;发音时下唇轻触上齿,气流通过时摩擦成音,f是清辅音,v是浊辅音;第二对是舌齿摩擦音θ,e;发音时舌尖要轻触上齿边缘;θ是清辅音,e是浊辅音;第三对是舌端齿龈摩擦音s,z;发音时舌端靠近上齿龈,气流通过时摩擦成音;s是清辅音,z是浊辅