2024年高考二轮复习-细节理解题（解题技巧）（解析版）

2/2题型01细节理解题命题特点细节理解题要求考试在快速阅读文章的同时，能从文中获取某些特定的信息。细节理解题涉及体裁广泛，从题干信息中较易看出，但要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。考查方向细节理解题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和顺序排列题。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的一半甚至以上。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。命题规律举例和比喻处常考列举、排比处常考指示代词出现处常考引用人物观点处常考特殊标点符号后的内容常考近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目年份卷别题号2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、332023新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、352022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、332022新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、322021新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34细节理解题解题思路利用“跳读法”：带着问题找答案；无需通篇看全文；迅速定位与题目相关的信息；对比选项与原文进行信息加工比对；准确选定答案。利用“顺藤摸瓜”：根据题干中的关键词“藤”，在原文寻找相同或近似的词“瓜”。这种方法一般适用于间接信息题和是非推断题。利用“计算法”：适合数字计算题。先弄清问题再对比原文数字和单位，关注细节，精准计算。利用“首尾定位法”：先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出正确答案。这种方法主要适用于顺序排列题。命题点01直接信息题【典例01】【2023年全国乙卷A篇】PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【答案】D【解析】运用“跳读法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现thefirstAfricanAmericanwoman，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。【典例02】（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”，结合“计算法”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。命题点02间接信息题【典例01】【2023年新高考I卷B篇】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。“顺藤摸瓜”，对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。【典例02】【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【答案】A【解析】根据本段最后一句““So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。命题点03数字计算题【典例01】【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷A篇】YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.【答案】D【解析】根据各个活动的时间“ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)”、“JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)”、“CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)”及“PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)”，利用“计算法”可知，答案为D。【典例02】【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】Welcometoourstand-upcomedyclassesThisistheworkshopwherebeginnershavegrownintoheadlinersandheadlinershavegrownintostars.Ourworkshopstressesstand-upcomedywritingandperforming—thetwokeycomponentsofstand-upcomedy.Ourclassesareconductedbyaward-winning,comedydirectorandwriterStephenRosenfieldandhisstand-upstaff.Theyareconductedsothatwhenit’stimeforyourclubperformance,youwillhavesolidlywritten,funnymaterialandyouwillbewellrehearsedandreadytoperformbeyondyourexpectations.Thesestand-upcomedyclassesareofferedtobothbeginnersandadvancedstudents.Theworkshopconsistsofgroupclasses,privatecoachingsessionsandaperformanceatGothamorWestSideComedyClub.Seatsavailable:2Startdate:May17thIn-personshow:May20thatGothamComedyClubLivestreamedshow:May22ndonYouTubeFees:Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.Weacceptcash,checksorcreditcards.Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccioBeckyhasbeenaprofessionalcomedian,writerandactressforover15years.Shehasperformedstand-upcomedyinNewYork,LosAngeles,LasVegasandLondon.Besides,shehasappearedincommercials,theaterandfeaturefilms.Andshecompetedinthe2018seasonofAmerica’sGotTalent.HerfilmworksincludeReturntoMe,MaidinManhattanandRandomHearts.Asawriter,shewaschosenasoneofParenting.com’stopfive“FavoriteMommyBloggers”forherhumorousarticlesonthewebsite.In2015,shewontheNewYorkPressClubAwardforhumorouswriting.Asaninstructor,Beckyhastaughtstand-upcomedytoeveryagegroup—fromelementaryschoolkidsandteenagerstouniversitystudentsandadults.Shebelieveseveryonehasacomedicvoice.2.Howmuchwillareturningstudentsaveonthefee?A.$10. B.$50. C.$60. D.$80.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.(如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。命题点04顺序排列题【典例01】Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie,“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped，而最后一件事是IzzykickedColm，故选B。【典例02】【2023·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中】Withtheavailabilityofeasy-to-useat-homekits,DNAtestingfordogshasbecomeincreasinglypopularamongdogownersinrecentyears.Itcanprovideinvaluableinsightsintoadog’sbreed,healthrisks,andevenbehaviors.DNAtestingtypicallyworksbyanalyzingthegeneticmaterialfoundinasampleofcellstakenfromtheinsideofyourdog’scheek.Thissampleisthencomparedtoadatabaseofknownbreedsandgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcertaintraitsorhealthconditions.ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.Mostcompaniesofferseveraldifferenttypesofteststhatvaryincostandcomplexity.Forinstance,sometestsjustanalyzeyourdog’sbreedcomposition,whileotherscanassessadditionalgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcertaindiseasesorbehaviors.Thenit’stimetocollectyourdog’ssampleusingtheprovidedswab(拭子)kitorsaliva-collectiontubeincludedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegentlyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekaccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainerprovidedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshouldbemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessingaccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingtheservice.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemailormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtypeoftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailedinformationaboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionaswellasanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociatedwiththeirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverallwell-beingandqualityoflife.Ifyou’relookingforaneasywaytolearnmoreaboutyourpup’sbackgroundwithoutspendingtoomuchmoney,thenDNAtestingmightjustberightupyouralley.10.WhatisthecorrectorderofhavinganDNAtest?①getthesampleprocessed

②rubtheswabgently

③receivetheresult

④selectthetypeoftest

⑤placetheswabintothecontainer

⑥mailthesamplebacktothelabA.④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B.④⑤-①-②-⑥-③C.②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D.②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③【答案】B【解析】顺序排列题。根据第三段“ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.(获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Thenit’stimetocollectyourdog’ssampleusingtheprovidedswab(拭子)kitorsaliva-collectiontubeincludedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegentlyrubbedinsideyourpet’scheekaccordingtothekit’sdirectionsbeforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainerprovidedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshouldbemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessingaccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingtheservice.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemailormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtypeoftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailedinformationaboutyourpet’sbreedcompositionaswellasanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociatedwiththeirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverallwell-beingandqualityoflife.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。1.（2023年江苏省苏北七市二模阅读理解A篇）Valueformoney?Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’savaluablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14,children5-17andstudents￡6.50,under-4sfree,family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?A．￡25. B．￡34.5. C．￡38. D．￡41.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据Valueformoney?部分中“family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).(家庭

38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。2.（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）Scienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?...13．Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A．Itcanbetimeless. B．Itcanbeimproved.C．Itisoflittlevalue. D．Itisthebestatanymoment.【答案】13．B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的原因。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tdiminish(降低)thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(答案很简单：因为在我们历史的任何时刻，这种对世界的描述都是我们拥有的最好的描述。它可以变得更好这一事实不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具这一事实)”可知，今天对世界的科学描述还可以改进。故选B。3.（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.11．Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A．Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B．Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C．Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D．Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.12．Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator________.A．hasawidefoodchoiceB．caneasilyfindnewpreyC．stickstoonepreyspeciesD．canquicklymovetoanotherplace【答案】11．B12．C13．D14．A15．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。科学家们说一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统，该系统将会发出信号告诉我们人类活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，允许我们采取措施将生态系统从边缘拉回来。11．细节理解题。根据第二段中Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。4.（安徽皖江名校联盟2023-2024学年高三10月试题）Herearethebooksthatoftenappearonhigh-schoolreadinglistsfor12th-gradestudents,andareoftendiscussedingreaterdepthincollegeliteraturecourses.Thebooksonthislistareimportantintroductionstoworldliterature.TheSeagullByAntonChekhovPrice:$40.4Thebookisascene-of-lifereadsetintheRussiancountrysideattheendofthe19thcentury.Allcharactersaredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Somewantlove.Somewantsuccess.Noone,however,everseemstogethappiness.SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic(悲剧的)playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans’foolishness.CandideByVoltairePrice:$48.6VoltaireoffershisviewofsocietyinCandide.Thebookwaspublishedin1759,anditisoftenconsideredtheauthor’smostimportantwork.Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.JaneEyreByCharlotteBrontePrice:$128.6CharlotteBronte’sheroinewasoneofthefirstinEnglishliteraturetoserveasfirst-personnarrator(讲述者)ofherownlifestory.Janefindslovewitharichman,Rochester,butonherownterms,andonlyafterhehasprovenhimselfworthyofher.TheBluestEyeByToniMorrisonPrice:$28.6ToniMorrison’sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes—asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions(概念)ofbeauty.21．WhatisspecialaboutTheSeagull?A．People’sideastoitarequitedifferent.B．Charactersinitarehappywiththeirlife.C．Allcharactersmaketheirdreamtruefinally.D．IttellsthelifeinAmericaintheearly1960s.22．WhatchangesCandide’sideaaboutawonderfulworld?A．Abadluckhemeetsinlife. B．Abookhereadaccidentally.C．Ajourneyaroundtheworld. D．Adreamhemakesatnight.23．Whichwouldyouchooseifyouwanttoreadagirldreamingofbecomingbeautiful?A．TheSeagull. B．Candide. C．JaneEyre. D．TheBluestEye.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。全文讲述了适合高中生阅读的四本书。21．细节理解题。从TheSeagull中“SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic(悲剧的)playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans’foolishness.(有些人认为《海鸥》是一部关于总是不快乐的人的悲剧的剧。其他人则认为这是一本幽默而苦涩的书，取笑人类的愚蠢。)”可知，人们对《海鸥》的看法大不相同。故选A项。22．细节理解题。从Candide中“Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.(Candide是一个头脑简单的年轻人，他确信自己的世界是世界上最好的，但环游世界让他看到了他所相信的真实。)”可知，是一次环球旅行让Candide改变了对完美世界的看法。故选C项。23．细节理解题。从TheBluestEye中“ToniMorrison’sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes—asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions(概念)ofbeauty.(托尼·莫里森（ToniMorrison）讲述了佩科拉·布雷德洛夫（PecolaBreedlove）的故事，她是一个年轻的非裔美国女孩，梦想拥有一双蓝色的眼睛——这是在一个由白人美丽观念统治的世界中被接受的标志。)”可知，这是一本关于一个女孩想把眼睛变成白人认为最美的蓝色的故事。故选D项。5.（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogenproductiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia(氨)andchemicalproducts,allofwhichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasatransportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it’sintwocountries,SpainandPortugal,”saidThierryLepercq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustryplatformbringingtogether30companies.“Hydrogenisthenewoil.”24．WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind. B．Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.C．Itcausesconflictsamongcountries. D．Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.25．WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Idealgeographicalconditions. B．Thesupportfromgovernment.C．Hydrogenproductiontechnology. D．We