2024届上海市部分区高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：完形填空

上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三下学期二模英语试题汇编完形填空2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.Onthesurface,hisretirementhobbyseemsalittlerandom—ourfamilyhasnoconnectiontoFrench-speakingcountries—buthis___41___randeeperthanapassionforcakes.MygrandmotherdevelopedsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔兹海默症)inherearly70s,andstudiessuggestthatbeingbilingual,thatis,beingabletospeaktwolanguagesequallywell,can___42___thestartoftheconditionbyuptofiveyears.Drawnbythat___43___benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood.Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.Expertssayregularlyspeakingmultiplelanguagesmaybeespecially___44___though.“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis___45___working,”saidMarkAntoniou,aprofessoratWesternSydneyUniversitywhospecializesinbilingualism.Theageatwhichyoulearnanotherlanguageappearstobelessimportantthanhow___46___youspeakit.Thecognitive(认知的)benefitisfromhavingto___47___yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage.Soifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive___48___.Thatprocessiscalledcognitiveinhibition.Intheory,byimprovingthesetypesofprocesses,thebrainbecomesstrongertothe___49___causedbydiseaseslikedementia.Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto___50___.However,evidenceforthebenefitsoflearningasecondlanguageasahobbyinyour60sis___51___.ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.Twomorerecentstudiesonthetopicfoundvirtuallyno___52___incognitiveperformanceafterpeopletookpartinlanguage-learningprograms.Thescientistswhoconductedthosestudiesofferedafewpotential___53___.Oneisthattheparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage,makingithardtoseeany___54___.Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.Thehandfulofstudieslookingintotheissuehaveusedlanguagelessonsthatwereverydifferentintheir___55___andfrequency.Somestudiestaughtparticipantsforeightmonths,othersforjustoneveryintenseweek.41.A.affection B.contribution C.motivation D.struggle42.A.delay B.prevent C.signal D.stimulate43.A.additional B.educational C.lasting D.potential44.A.beneficial B.common C.impractical D.rare45.A.carelessly B.constantly C.creativelyD.delicately46.A.long B.often C.soon D.well47.A.command B.practice C.restrict D.spread48.A.function B.psychology C.system D.training49.A.damages B.operations C.pains D.signs50.A.decline B.improve C.matter D.restore51.A.available B.mounting C.stronger D.weaker52.A.difference B.involvement C.pointD.reduction53.A.applications B.explanations C.findingsD.suggestions54.A.diversities B.improvements C.outcomesD.possibilities55.A.content B.intention C.lengthD.requirement2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies.___41___,mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared.Whilethedeathofmanybirdssincethe1500shasbeen___42___,ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___43___overtime.Thisconcealsthetrue___44___ofglobalextinctions.Researchersnowbelieve1,430birdspecies—almost12percent—havediedoutovermodernhumanhistorysincearound130,000yearsago,withthevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly___45___humanactivity.Thestudy,ledbytheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology(UKCEH)andpublishedin

NatureCommunications,usedstatisticalmodellingto___46___theundiscoveredbirdextinctions.LeadauthorDrRobCooke,anecologicalmodeleratUKCEH,says:“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___47___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests,and___48___withbirdsforfood.Weshowthatmanyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___49___,lostfromhistory.”DrSørenFaurbyoftheUniversityofGothenburg,aco-authorofthestudy,adds:“Thesehistoricextinctionshavehadamajorimpactonthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____50____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems,so,____51____birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____52____thesespeciesforsurvival.”Observationsandfossilsshow640birdspecieshavebeendrivenextinct—90percentoftheseonislands____53____bypeople.These____54____fromtheiconic(标志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe.Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofprotectingspecies____55____,theprotectionofbirdsisanurgentissueformankind.41.A.Tosomeextent B.Onaverage C.Asaresult D.Inshort42.A.confirmed B.recorded C.concealedD.discussed43.A.distracted B.disposed C.dismissedD.disintegrated44.A.extent B.context C.outcomeD.influence45.A.dueto B.otherthan C.insteadofD.inspiteof46.A.declare B.illustrate C.estimateD.emphasize47.A.climate B.human C.environmental D.natural48.A.connected B.coped C.livedD.competed49.A.trace B.route C.change D.proposal50.A.interactive B.ecological C.productive D.social51.A.intermsof B.becauseof C.exceptforD.inadditionto52.A.dependon B.interactwith C.fightagainstD.stayaway53.A.inhabited B.removed C.developed D.killed54.A.result B.range C.suffer D.date55.A.origin B.project C.growth D.diversity2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InabustlingcityinArizonastoodahighschoolwheremostofthestudentsliveinpoverty.AmongthemwerefoursonsofMexicanimmigrants,Juan,Oscar,Luis,andAlfredo.Theseboys,comingfrom____21____backgrounds,oftenfoundthemselvesoverlookedandunderestimated.Bondedbyfateandfriendship,theysharedacommonpassionfor____22____.Twoscienceteacherstheredecidedtoentertheirhighschoolintoacomplicated____23____roboticscompetitionsponsoredbytheNASAandtheNavalResearch.Excitedforthenews,thesefourboyssignedupforthecompetition.Withenthusiasmandenergy,theystartedcallingmechanicalengineersfordesignhelp.Theywere____24____thatthesekindsofrobotsrequireglasssyntacticflotationfoam,atypeoffloatingmaterialusedinvariousmarineapplications.____25____money,alltheycouldaffordwassomePVCpipesandducttape(强力胶布).____26____,theysearchedthecityforvariousspareparts,gatheringwhatevertheycouldtobringtheirvisiontolife.Withtheteachers’guidanceandencouragement,they____27____togetherarobotwithnomorethanmetalandwires.Astheyworkedontheirrobot,theboysalsofacedpersonalchallenges.Juanstruggledwiththeweightoffamilyresponsibilities;Oscar____28____adeep-seatedfearoffailure;Luis’sheartachedfromtheconstantpeers’mockery(嘲笑)forhis____29____accent,andAlfredolongedforacceptanceandbelonging.____30____theseobstacles,theypersevered,leaningoneachotherforsupportandinspiration.Afterafewtestrunsoftheirrobot,theypiledintoasecond-handvantoheadtothecompetition.Uponenteringthemainpoolarea,theynoticedthecollegeteamswearingmatchingoutfits,withrobotssponsoredbybigcompanies.Feelingabitnervous,theboysputtherobotinthewaterforatestrun.____31____,thePVCdidn’tholdup,causingtherobottoleakandsink.However,insteadoflettingthis____32____ruintheirspirits,theboysputtheirheadstogetherandcameupwithabrilliantsolution.12hourslater,armedwith8super-absorbentpadstoplugtheleak,therobotwas____33____intothepoolagain.Thistime,theirrobotperformedadmirably.Glidinggracefullythroughthewaters,itnavigatedthecoursewithprecisionandspeed,____34____thejudgesandaudiencealike.Thisunderwaterrobot,asymboloftheirdeterminationand____35____,conqueredthewaters,defeatedengineeringpowerhouseMITandrankedfirstinthecountry.Thiswasnotjustawinforthosefourbutavictoryforeveryunderdogwithadream.21.A.academic B.relevant C.humbleD.professional22.A.space B.mechanics C.research D.ocean23、A.giant B.industrial C.underwater D.local24、A.advised B.forced C.challengedD.consulted25、ARelianton B.Availableto C.ShortofD.Desperatefor26、A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.However27、A.tied B.pieced C.added D.wrapped28、A.conquered B.created C.expressed D.battled29、A.perfect B.strange C.slight D.elegant30、A.With B.Given C.Despite D.Besides31、A.Unfortunately B.Basically C.ActuallyD.Consequently32、A.disagreement B.failure C.conflict D.progress33、A.scaled B.lowered C.inserted D.fed34、A.boring B.confusing C.wowingD.motivating35、A.bravery B.generosity C.confidenceD.perseverance2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.4WaystoGetThatVacationFeelinginTwoDaysGoingonvacationeveryweek?Itmightsoundlikethe____21____dream.Butasimplemindset____22____canmakeithappen—notravelinvolved.Afewyearsago,Holmesandhercolleaguesbegan____23____theimportanceoftakingvacations.Inaseriesofexperiments,Holmes’team____24____441U.S.workerstoeitherspendtheweekendlikeanyother,ortreatitlikeavacation.WhentheywerebackatworkonMonday,peoplewhohadadoptedavacationmindsetreportedbeinghappierandlessstressed.“Whatwassomewhatsurprisingisthattheeffectwasn’tdrivenbypeoplespendingtimeallthat____25____,”Holmessays.“Itwasthismindsetthatallowedthemtobemorepresent,____26____beingin“doing”mode,itallowedpeopletosettleinandbeinthemoment.Weaskedpeopletosharetheirfavoritetipsforadoptingavacationmindsetathome.1.Getcreativeabout____27____timeNoteveryonehasSaturdayandSundayoffworkandactuallysomepeopleoftenfindtheirweekendschedulesfully____28____.Youcouldstillapplythephilosophy.Forexample,devoteanhouronSundaymorningtothe____29____,butprotecttherestoftheweekendasyourvacationtime.2.ReflectonprioritiesFocusonwhatmakesavacationdifferentfroma_____30_____weekend.“Doesitmeanturningoffyouremailnotifications?Spendingmoneycarelessly?“Maybeitmeansbeingabletospendtimewithpeopleyoudon’tnormallygettosee,orgivingyourselfabreakonaworkout,”Holmessays.“It’shelpfultomakealistofthosethingsandbeableto_____31_____.”3.Actlikea_____32_____DecisionscientistNikaKabirirecommendsdoingsomethingtotallynewsoyoucandisconnectfromthesameoldroutines_____33_____yourlife.Amongherfavoriteideas:Drivetoapartoftownyou’veneverbeentobeforegoforastroll,andgrablunchatthefirstcutecaféyousee.“Thespontaneity（自发性）iswhatmakesexperienceslikethisfeelvacation-like,”Kabirisays.4.Don’tputextrapressureonyourselfTreatingyourweekendlikeavacationdoesn’tmeanitneedstobeacomplicatedaffair.Ifyour“vacation”encountersafewproblemsorlastsforonlyafewhours—don’tworry.“Itdoesn’thavetobeallornothing,”Kabirisays.“Don’tputpressureonyourselftohavethis‘perfectvacation.’”It’s_____34_____tobefun._____35_____,there’salwaysanotheronejustafewdaysaway.21.A.unattainable B.inharmonious C.incompleteD.unprofessional22.A.study B.shift C.trend D.proposal23.A.representing B.ranking C.exploringD.predicting24.A.persuaded B.challenged C.motivatedD.instructed25.A.practically B.literally C.identicallyD.differently26.A.Inlightof B.Regardlessof C.InfavorofD.Insteadof27.A.telling B.killing C.making D.changing28.A.cleared B.packed C.removedD.dominated29.A.laundry B.recreation C.movies D.picnic30.A.regular B.dramatic C.primitive D.peaceful31.A.identifywith B.dependon C.followthroughD.substitutefor32.A.resident B.master C.tourist D.neighbor33.A.facilitating B.governing C.revealingD.polishing34.A.proved B.defined C.described D.meant35.A.Plus B.Hence C.Still D.Finally2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神经科学)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.RestoringD.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligibleD.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impactD.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membershipD.movement54A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special答案2024届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.B46.B47.C48.D49.A50.A51.D52.A53.B54.B55.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症发病时间推迟至多5年，由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从表面上看，他的退休爱好似乎有点随意——我们家与法语国家没有任何联系——但他的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。A.affection喜爱；B.contribution贡献；C.motivation动机；D.struggle努力。根据上文“MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.(我父亲在57岁时决定开始学习法语)”可知，此处指父亲学习法语的动机比对蛋糕的热爱更深层次。故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母在70岁出头时出现了阿尔茨海默氏症的迹象，研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。A.delay推迟；B.prevent阻止；C.signal示意；D.stimulate激励。根据后文“benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood”可知，此处指研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将这种疾病的发病时间推迟至多5年。故选A。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于这种潜在的好处，许多人试图在成年后学习一门新的语言。A.additional附加的；B.educational教育的；C.lasting持久的；D.potential潜在的。结合上文提到研究表明，会说双语，也就是能说两种语言，可以将痴呆症的发病时间推迟至多5年，所以是潜在的好处，故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，经常说多种语言可能特别有益。A.beneficial有益的；B.common共同的；C.impractical不明智的；D.rare罕见的。根据上文“Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.(许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼)”提到了许多活动都与老年时更好的大脑健康有关，比如年轻时接受更多的教育和体育锻炼，而专家表示经常说多种语言可能特别有益。故选A。【45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：西悉尼大学专门研究双语的教授马克·安东尼奥说：“我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。”A.carelessly马虎地；B.constantly不断地；C.creatively创造性地；D.delicately微妙地。根据上文“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis”指会说双语的大脑一直在工作。故选B。【46题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。A.long长地；B.often经常；C.soon很快；D.well好地。根据上文“regularlyspeaking”可知，学习另一门语言的年龄似乎没有你说这门语言的频率重要。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：认知上的好处是必须限制你的母语，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫这样做。A.command命令；B.practice练习；C.restrict限制；D.spread传播。根据后文“yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage”可知，如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑就会被迫限制说你的母语。故选C。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。A.function功能；B.psychology心理学；C.system系统；D.training训练。根据上文“ifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive”可知，如果经常使用第二语言，你就会得到认知训练。故选D。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，通过改善这些类型的过程，大脑会变得更强大，以抵御痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。A.damages破坏；B.operations运作；C.pains痛苦；D.signs迹象。根据后文“causedbydiseaseslikedementia”指痴呆症等疾病造成的损害。故选A。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种想法认为，你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。A.decline下降；B.improve改善；C.matter重要；D.restore恢复。根据后文“Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto”中evenif表示让步，可知你的精神力量越强大，即使你的大脑健康状况开始下降，你也能正常工作的时间越长。故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。A.available可用的；B.mounting上升的；C.stronger更强壮的；D.weaker较弱的。根据后文“ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.(安东尼奥博士及其同事的研究发现，虽然60岁及以上的中国成年人在接受了六个月的语言学习项目后，在认知测试中有所提高，但玩数独等游戏的人也有同样的表现)”可知，研究表明对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显。故选D。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近关于这个话题的两项研究发现，参加语言学习项目后，人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。A.difference差异；B.involvement参与；C.point要点；D.reduction减少。上文提到对于60多岁的人来说，将学习第二语言作为一种爱好有好处的证据并不明显，即人们的认知表现几乎没有什么不同。故选A。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进行这些研究的科学家提供了一些可能的解释。A.applications应用；B.explanations解释；C.findings发现；D.suggestions建议。后文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”主要给出了这一现象的两种解释。故选B。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一是参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。A.diversities多样性；B.improvements改善；C.outcomes结果；D.possibilities可能性。根据上文“theparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage”可知，参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，他们的表现可能已经达到了同龄人的最高水平，因此很难看到任何改善。故选B。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：调查这个问题的少数研究使用了在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。A.content内容；B.intention意图；C.length长度；D.requirement要求。根据上文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一个原因是语言干预可能太短了)”可知，此处指使用在长度和频率上都大不相同的语言课程。故选C。2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.A45.A46.C47.B48.D49.A50.B51.D52.A53.A54.B55.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述研究人员通过研究发现，虽然已经记录了许多人类造成的鸟类灭绝，但是真实数字要大得多，许多物种在有文字记载之前就已经灭绝了，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由人类活动而造成的，而且这些鸟类的灭绝也造成了其他依赖其生存的物种的灭绝。【41题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，大多数鸟类消失了。A.Tosomeextent在某种程度上；B.Onaverage平均；C.Asaresult因此，结果；D.Inshort简言之。上文“butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”与空后“mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared”为因果关系，Asaresult“因此”符合语境。故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来许多鸟类的死亡被记录下来，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会分解。A.confirmed确认；B.recorded记录；C.concealed隐藏；D.discussed讨论。根据下文“manyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___9___,lostfromhistory”可知，以前物种的灭绝没有文字记录，直到16世纪以来才有许多鸟类死亡被记录下来。故选B。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会分解。A.distracted使分心，使转移注意力；B.disposed处理，配置，使适应；C.dismissed不予理会，解散；D.disintegrated使分解，使碎裂。根据空前“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimited”以及常识可知，鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会被分解，因此，化石留下的信息也是很有限的。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这掩盖了全球物种灭绝的真实程度。A.extent程度；B.context上下文，语境；C.outcome结果；D.influence影响。由上文“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___3___overtime”可知，有限的记录以及容易分解的鸟类骨骼让人们无法真实地了解全球物种灭绝的程度。故选A。【45题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员现在认为，自大约13万年前以来，1430种鸟类——近12%——在现代人类历史上已经灭绝，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。A.dueto由于；B.otherthan除了；C.insteadof而不是；D.inspiteof尽管。根据空前“thevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly”以及空后“humanactivity”可知，绝大多数鸟类灭绝是直接或间接地由于人类活动而导致的，阐述物种灭绝的原因。故选A。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由英国生态与水文中心（UKCEH）领导并发表在《自然通讯》上的研究使用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。A.declare宣布；B.illustrate说明，阐明；C.estimate估计；D.emphasize

强调。根据空前“usedstatisticalmodelling”以及下文“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___7___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.”可知，这项研究运用统计模型对未被发现的鸟类灭绝情况进行估计。故选C。【47题详解】考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，人类对生物多样性的影响远比我们之前认识到的要大得多。A.climate气候；B.human人（类），人（类）的；C.environmental环保的；D.natural天然的，自然的。根据下文“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests”可知，此处指人类活动对生物多样性的影响。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类通过栖息地的丧失、过度开发以及老鼠、猪和狗的引入，迅速摧毁了鸟类的数量，这些老鼠、猪和狗攻击了鸟类的巢穴，并与鸟类争夺食物。A.connected连接；B.coped处理；C.lived

居住，活着；D.competed竞争。根据空后“withbirdsforfood”可知，老鼠、猪、狗和鸟类争夺食物。故选D。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们展示了许多物种在文字记录之前就灭绝了，没有留下任何痕迹，从历史中消失了。A.trace遗迹，踪迹；B.route路线；C.change改变，变化；D.proposal提议。根据空后“lostfromhistory”可知，许多物种在有文字记载之前就已灭绝，从历史中没有留下痕迹。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，其中可能包括授粉等关键功能。A.interactive互动的，交互的；B.ecological生态的；C.productive多产的；D.social社会的，社交的。根据空后的“whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉)”可知，此处指的是失去生态功能。故选B。【51题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A.intermsof就……而言；B.becauseof因为；C.exceptfor除了；D.inadditionto除……以外（还）。根据空前“Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”以及空后“birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____12____thesespeciesforsurvival.”可知，一些鸟类的灭绝带来了连锁反应，还造成其他依赖这些鸟类的物种的灭绝，即除了这些鸟类灭绝外，还带来其他物种的灭绝。故选D。【52题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A.dependon依赖，取决于；B.interactwith与……互动；C.fightagainst与……作斗争；D.stayaway远离。根据上文“Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____10____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”可知，一些鸟类的灭绝，使它们的一些重要生态功能比如授粉功能丧失，造成其他依赖这些鸟类而生存繁衍的动植物也灭绝。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：观察和化石显示，640种鸟类已经灭绝，其中90%是在有人居住的岛屿上灭绝的。A.inhabited居住；B.removed去掉，移开；C.developed发展；D.killed杀死。根据上文“Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”以及“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation”可知，人类造成鸟类栖息地的丧失，过度狩猎等活动直接或间接造成许多鸟类的灭绝，由此推断，众多鸟类的灭绝是在有人类居住的岛屿上发生的。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些鸟类包括从毛里求斯标志性的渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到不太知名的圣赫勒拿巨型渡渡鸟。A.result(因……)发生；B.range包括……之间的各类事物，变化；C.suffer遭受；D.date注明日期，确定年代。根据上文以及空后“fromtheiconic(标志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe”可知，此处列举了有人类居住的岛上灭绝的一些鸟类，rangefrom…to“包括（从……到……）之间的各类事物”符合语境。故选B。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，从保护物种多样性的角度来看，保护鸟类是人类迫切需要解决的问题。A.origin起源；B.project项目，计划；C.growth生长；D.diversity多样性。根据上文“Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.”可知，有众多的物种消失，结合上文所阐述的一些鸟类灭绝所造成的连锁反应可知，保护鸟类能够保护物种的多样性。故选D。2024届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个来自贫困地区的学生参加水下机器人比赛并获胜的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些男孩出身卑微，经常发现自己被忽视和低估。A.academic学术的；B.relevant相关的；C.humble卑微的；D.professional专业的。根据上文“Inab