高中英语句子成分及结构分析

资料范本资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载高中英语句子成分及结构分析地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词。一、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。物体名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,LiMing;地名—America,China动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).二、代词（pron.）：主要用来代替名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的。代替人的代词有：I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意，代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them....，代替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词(v.)："动"就是动作--可以指具体的动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).四、形容词(adj.)：用来表示名词的性质或特征。我们在谈论人或物时，常用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词。五、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词（likely—有可能的lovely—可爱的friendly—友好的lonely—孤独的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的）六、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。at,by,to,in,for,of,on,from,with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构——介词+名词/代词，起修饰作用.比如：inwinter,fromAmerica,behindthedoor等等。七、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语、句子。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。常见的连词有：and表并列、both..and并列、but表转折、or表选择、if表条件等。八、冠词，英语中只有三个词：a\an(不定冠词)the(定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。九、数词：跟数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词，比如：onetwo、three、four、five、six、seven等等，序数词，比如：first、second、third、fourth、fifth等等。英语句子根据结构划分：

=1\*GB3

①

简单句：（5种基本句型）主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾（间宾+直宾）主+谓+宾+宾补

=2\*GB3

②

并列句and,but,or

=3\*GB3

③

复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）（二）根据功能划分：陈述句,祈使句,感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句等）动词分类：情态动词、助动词、系动词、实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）形容词修饰系动词放在动词后，形容词修饰名词，一般放在名词前；副词修饰实义动词，放在实义动词后，修饰整个句子放在句首，修饰形容词，一般位于形容词前。五种基本句型【句型一】主语+谓语(不及物动词vi.)主语：是动作的发出者，一般是名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词，短语，从句等。谓语：谓语总是由动词或动词短语充当，是英语时态、语态变化的主角。谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致！不及物动词（vi.）一般不接宾语，接宾语得加一个介词。谓语由动词词组充当，分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。动副词组：point

out（指出）,

carry

out（执行）,

put

forward（提出）,

work

out（做出，算出）,

find

out（找出）,

give

up（放弃）,

give

away（赠送，分发）,pick

up（拣起）,

put

up（挂上）等。动副词可拆分，若是代词作宾语应放在中间。They

carried

out

the

plan

successfully.They

carried

the

plan

out

successfully.动介词组：look

after（照顾）,

look

at（瞧）,

look

for（寻找）,

belong

to（属于）,

refer

to（参考，提及）,

think

of（考虑，评价）,

send

for（派人去请）,

care

for（喜欢）,suffer

from（受…之苦）,

deal

with(对付，应付),

object

to（反对）,

pay

for（付…的钱）等。动介词是不可拆分的，所以代词放在后面，即我们只能说think

of

it,不能说think

it

of.Hisfathercooks.Thechildrenarelisteningquietly.Herunsfastinthestreet.Themeetingbeginsatnine.Theyworkeddayandnight.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.【句型二】主语+谓语(及物动词vt.)+宾语及物动词后必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者宾语位于及物动词或介词之后，主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。HedidhisEnglishhomework.（名词作宾语）Theworkersarebuildingthebridge.（名词作宾语）Ienjoysharingmyworkexperience.（动词ing形式作宾语）Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名词作宾语）Shesaidshefeltsick.（从句作宾语）Weoftenhelphim.（代词作宾语）Helikesplayingbasketball.（动名词V-ing作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作宾语）The

boys

were

watching

theworldcupmatch.Canyoufeelthepoweroflove?Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shewantedabarbietoysomuchwhenshewasyoung.ZhangYimoumadealovemovie.I

don’t

believe

in(介)

that

man.He

pointed

out（副）

the

mistakes

in

my

composition.On

Christmas

Day,

we

will

call

on

our

foreign

teachers.You

must

hand

in

your

exercise-books

after

class.We

cannot

work

out（副）

the

problem

in

five

minutes.【句型三】主+系+表（什么是什么）连系动词主要是连系主语和表语。系动词可分四类：1.“五be”是(am,is,are,was,were)2.“五感官”动词look（眼）看起来sound（耳）听起来taste（口）尝起来smell（鼻）闻起来feel（手）摸起来3.“五变”get变得,turn变得,grow变得，go变得,become成为4.“三保持”keep保持,stay保持，remain保持作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等Iamateacher.Sheisbeautiful.Thissongsoundsgood.Leavesturnedgreen.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代，叫形式主语，真正主语在句中都后移。ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.ItisknowntoeveryoneinourclassthathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworldHernewIphone5iscooltodeath.Hissonisarockstar.Myroomlookslikeapigsty.LiLeiandJimaregayfriends.Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.Theriverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.Dinnersmellsgood.Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.Thecaketastesdelicious.Harrypotteristheherointhisbook.Playingbasketballisinteresting.TolearnEnglishisimportant.Swimmingisasportheenjoys.Thathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworldisknowntoeveryoneinourclass.【句型四】主＋谓＋双宾（间宾＋直宾）（两者没有直接的关系）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)eg：give/pass/bring/take/show/buysb.sth.若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for

侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾的词有（需借助to的）bring,

give,

lend,

hand,

offer,

pass,

pay,

promise,return,

send,

show,

teach,

tell,

write,

ask等（需借助for

的）

buy,

call,

cook,

choose,

draw,

find,

get,

make,

order

，sing,

save,

spare,等IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.或Iboughtabirthdaypresentforjohn.Pleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber.或Pleasetellyourtelephonenumbertome.Givemeacupofteaplease.PassourEnglishteacherthebook.Bringittome,please.ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Hebroughtyouadictionary.Pleasegivemeafewapples.I’llshowyoumyphotos.【句型五】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（两者有直接的关系）谓语后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后补充说明宾语。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。Thewarmadehimasoldier.（名词）Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.（形容词）Ioftenfindhimatwork.（介词短语）Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.（不定式）Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.（现在分词）Ourteacherfoundthewindowsclosed.（过去分词）WecallhimTom.AtfirstIfoundChinesequitehard.Tellhimnottobelatetomorrow.Hemadeallofuslaugh.Thelittlegirloftenhelpshermother(to)dothehousework.Wefoundacatlyingunderthechair.IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Iwillmakeyouacaptain.ThemanageraskedAmandatoleave.Hiswordsmademesad.IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Isawthekiteupanddown.Tommadethegirlcry.Heprovedthattheoryveryimportant.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.句子成分——状语，可位于句首、句末或句中，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作，行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。HespeaksEnglishverywell.（表程度）Heisplayingunderthetree.（表地点）Icometoseeyou.（表目的）Tenyearsago,ShebegantoliveinDalian.（表时间，地点）Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.（表原因）IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.（表条件）副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.（宾语较长则状语前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen.（程度状语）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.（时间状语）介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(时间状语)分词（短语）作状语：Hesitsthere,askingforapen.（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（原因状语）不定式作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.名词作状语：Comethisway!/走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句句子成分——定语，它位置灵活，用来修饰限定名词或代词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式等等，相当于一个形容词，译为“...的”形容词作定语：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.Tomisahandsomeboy.Thereisagoodboy.数词作定语相当于形容词：Twoboysneedtwopens.Thetwoboysarestudents.Therearetwoboysintheroom.代词或名词所有格作定语：HisboyneedsTom'spenHisnameisTom.TherearetwoboysofTomsthere.介词短语作定语：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.TheboyinblueisTom.Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10.名词作定语：Theboyneedsaballpen.Itisaballpen.Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox.副词作定语：Theboythereneedsapen.ThebestboyhereisTom.不定式作定语：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.TheboytowritethisletterisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.分词（短语）作定语：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.定语从句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.句子成分—同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）练习(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①