新课标2024高考英语一轮复习课时作业388-3Inventorsandinventions新人教版选修8

PAGE1课时作业388-3InventorsandinventionsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Whatwasitthatdistinguishedher________herclassmates?2．Wemustalwaysbearinmind________Chinaisabigcountrywithahugepopulation.3．Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolin________(associate)withlocalartists.4．Whenyoucometoschool,pleasevisitmyofficeatyour________(convenient)．5．Theserviceoffersyoungpeople________(practice)adviceonfindingajob.6．Whetherornotthesecretarywillbefiredisatthe________(merciful)ofherboss.7．Ibelievethatyouare________(innocence),andI'llstandupforyouanywhere.8．Weallhavean________(expect)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.9．Ihavefilledintheformand________(file)mypatentapplicationwiththePatentOffice.10．Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyand________(seize)opportunitiescanonesucceed.答案1．from2.that3.association4.convenience5．practical6.mercy7.innocent8.expectation9．filed10.seizingⅡ.选词填空hangon，ringoff，o...，setabout，callup1．BeforeIgavemynamehe________，whichmademeveryangry.2．Havingmadeuphismind,he________carryingouttheplan.3．Someone________fromdowntownandaskedtoseeyouatfive.4．Ifyou________forawhile,IwillgoandseeifIcanfindyourmother.5．Thethief________hishand________myhandbagandrobbedthewalletandranaway.答案1．rangoff2.setabout3.calledup4．hangon5.dived；intoⅢ.阅读理解A(2024年广东省中山市第一中学高三上学期其次次统测)Cigaretteendsareeverywhere—litteringourstreetsandbeaches—andfordecadesthey'vebeenthoughtofas“unrecyclable”.ButaNewJerseybasedcompany，calledTerraCycle，hastakenonthechallenge，andhascomeupwithawaytorecyclemillionsofcigaretteendsandturnthemintoindustrialplasticproducts.Itsaimistorecyclethingsthatpeoplenormallyconsiderimpossibletoreuse.Obviouslyitwouldbeevenbetterfortheenvironmentifeveryonejuststoppedsmoking，butthestatisticsshowthatalthoughtherehasbeenanincreaseinanti­smokingadsandmessaging，between2000and2024，globalsalesofcigarettesincreasedby8percent，andawholelotofthosecigaretteendsareendingupastrash.Sincemostofourlittereventuallyendsupinwaterways，cigaretteendscansurelypollutethesurroundingenvironment.“Itonlytakesasinglecigaretteendtopollutealiterofwater，”TerraCyclefounder，TomSzaky，said.“Animalscanalsomistakelitteredcigaretteendsforfood.”Sohowdoyougoaboutturningallthosepoisonousendsintosomethinguseful?TerraCycledoesthisbyfirstbreakingthemdownintoseparateparts.Theymixtheremainingmaterials，suchasthetobaccoandthepaper，withotherkindsofrubbish，anduseitonnon­agriculturalland，suchasgolfcourses.Thefilters(过滤嘴)arealittleharder.Torecyclethese，TerraCyclefirstmakesthemcleanandcutsthemintosmallpieces，andthencombinesthemwithotherrecycledmaterials，makingthemintoliquidforindustrialplasticproducts.They'renowalsoexpandingtheirrecyclingofferingstotherestofthe80percentofhouseholdwastethatcurrentlycan'tberecycled，suchaschocolatepackaging，pens，andmobilephones.Thegoalistousethelatestresearchtofindawaytostopsomuchwasteendingupinlandfill(垃圾填埋)，andthengetcompaniestoprovidemoneyfortheprocess.Andsofar，it'sworking.“Wehaven'tfoundanythingthatwecan'trecycle，”communicationsdirectorofTerraCycle，AlbeZakes，said.“Butwiththeamountandvarietyofpackagingandlitterintheworld，wearealwayslookingfornewwastestreamstoaddress.”1．WhatdoesTerraCycleintendtodo?A．Searchforrecyclablematerialsforuse.B．Dealwithasmanycigaretteendsaspossible.C．Producenewkindsofindustrialplasticproducts.D．Recyclewhatusedtobeconsideredunrecyclable.2．Theunderlinedword“trash”inParagraph2probablymeans________．A．rubbish B．poisonC．disaster D．ruin3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Theeffectiveuseofcigaretteends.B．Theprocessofrecyclingcigaretteends.C．Thedifficultyinrecyclingcigaretteends.D．Thereasonforbreakingdowncigaretteends.4．WhatAlbesaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat________.A．thereismoreandmorewastetoberecycledB．itisdifficultforTerraCycletorecycleeverythingC．TerraCycleistryingtomeetthechallengeofnewwasteD．TerraCyclehassuccessfullyrecycledalargeamountofwaste答案与解析这是一篇记叙文。主要讲解并描述新泽西一个公司回收人们认为是不行回收的东西，例如烟头，并讲解并描述了其回收利用过程，该公司表示他们还没有遇到不行回收的东西，并会接着迎接回收新垃圾的挑战。1．D细微环节理解题。依据第一段的Itsaimistorecyclethingsthatpeoplenormallyconsiderimpossibletoreuse可知，TerraCycle的目的是要回收那些被人们认为不行再回收利用的东西，故选D。2．A词义揣测题。依据该词后的Sincemostofourlittereventuallyendsupinwaterways，cigaretteendscansurelypollutethesurroundingenvironment.可推想出，此处trash指的是垃圾的意思。故选A。3．B段落大意题。依据第三段的首句Sohowdoyougoaboutturningallthosepoisonousendsintosomethinguseful？(那么你怎么把这些垃圾变得有用呢？)可知，此段讲的是烟头回收利用的过程，故选B。4．C推理推断题。依据Albe说的话“Butwiththeamountandvarietyofpackagingandlitterintheworld，wearealwayslookingfornewwastestreamstoaddress.”可知，TerraCycle公司正试图找寻新垃圾来处理，也就是面对新垃圾的挑战。故选C。BPersuasionistheartofconvincingsomeonetoagreewithyou.AccordingtotheancientGreeks，therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion：ethos，pathos，andlogos.Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatsheistrustworthy，honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall，you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Aspeakercanalsocreateethosbyconvincingtheaudiencethatsheisagoodperson.Ifanaudiencecannottrustyou，youwillnotbeabletopersuadethem.Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample，apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear，thusmakingthemsupporthim.Similarly，ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcats，tomaketheviewersfeelpity.Iftheaudiencefeelsbadfortheanimals，theywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts，statistics，orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbemorelikelytobelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”．Althoughethos，pathos，andlogosallhavetheirstrengths，theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.Indeed，mostspeakersuseacombinationofethos，pathos，andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences.So，thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech，watchacommercial，orlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney，beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.5．Whydoestheauthorsaypersuasionisanart?A．Theybothentertaintheaudience.B．Theybothrequiregreatskillstoachieve.C．Theybothdemandfullattentionfromtheaudience.D．TheywerebothcommontopicsofancientGreekwriters.6．Howisaspeakerabletoshowherethostotheaudience?A．Byexpressinghersympathywiththeaudience.B．Bytellingtheaudienceaboutherpersonalpreference.C．Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakeherstatementsattractive.D．Byshowingherknowledgeandexperiencerelatingtothetopic.7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeaspectsofpersuasion?A．Ethosisthemostimportantaspectofpersuasion.B．Eachaspecthasadifferenteffectontheaudience.C．Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.D．Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudience.8．Anadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthat“scientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofallbacteria”ismainlyusing________．A．ethos B．pathosC．logos D．acombinationofallthree答案与解析本文叙述的是“劝服”是使某人信服你的艺术。依据古希腊人的说法，有三种基本的劝服方法ethos,pathos,andlogos，通常须要这三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果。5．B细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次句AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathos,andlogos.和最终一段第一句Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.可知，persuasion是须要三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果，也就是“劝服”须要巨大的技巧才能达到，故选B。6．D细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.可知，Ethos是通过说明在某一领域所获得过的教化和所积累的阅历，因此选D。7．B推理推断题。文章没有提到ethos是最重要的方面，而是说三个点都很重要，须要结合在一起，所以解除A选项；C项文中没有提到诚恳是劝服别人信任你的论点的关键。D项政治领袖大多用Pathos来劝服听众错误，因此选B。8．C推理推断题。依据第四段第一句Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.可知，Logos是用事实、数据或其他证据来证明观点，故与95%ofallbacteria相符，故选C。Ⅳ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Takingpartsinrecreationactivitieshelpuskeepfit.Therearedifferentkindsofactivityinourdailylife,forexample,listeningtomusic,watchingTV,playingchess,orgoingtocinema.ButIthinkwe'dbettertohavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongerintheclassroom,andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettingtired.Butitisagoodideatoplayballgames,goswimming,dosomerunnings,orevengoforapicnic.Ourbrainsalsoneedchangestomakeitselfsmartandactive.Inaword,exerciseisgoodforhealth.答案Ⅴ.书面表达假如你是英国的Mike，你的挚友李华准备到国外留学，他写信询问你什么样的中国学生最受国外高校的青睐。请你依据以下要点给对方写一封回信：1．语言是道硬门槛；2．适应实力很重要；3．爱好爱好被看重；4．要有社会责任感。留意：1.词数100左右；2．开头和结束语已为你写好，但不计入总词数。De