专题03：阅读理解说明文-2023年广东省广州市11区中考英语一模及名校模拟试题分类汇编（解析版）

专题03：阅读理解说明文2023年广东省广州市11区中考英语一模及名校模拟试题分类汇编（解析版）1.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Takeyourdogforameal.Atmorerestaurants,includingsomeofthemostfashionableones,diningwithanimalsisnowpartoftheevening’smenu.WhenlocalsinKeyWestgoouttodinner,apopularplaceisanopen-airrestaurant.Onenteringtherestaurant,they’lllikelyseeacatnexttoasignthatsays“PettheCat,$1.”Fortheownersoftherestaurant,servinghumanguestsalongsidetheirpetsisano-brainer.

Sincetheyopenedtherestaurant,they’vehadafriendlyruletowardspets,theonethatallowspetsintotherestaurantinagivenweek.Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek),it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.Enter“pet-friendlyrestaurants”intoanInternetsearchengineandmanyrestaurantscomeout.Whydorestaurantscourtpets?“Dogsneversendtheirfoodback,”jokesoneowner.Thetrend（趋势）doesn’tonlybelongtocommonplaces.Manyhigh-rankrestaurantsalsohavefollowedthetrend.Andtherearesomecooksmakingaspecialefforttotreatthosewithfourlegs.LorieAnn,

co-ownerandcookatarestaurantnamedFishWagoninCalif,specializinginGermanandFrenchfood,servesafreehome-made“doggieburger”andafewdoggie“cookies”tonon-humanguests.Evenasmorerestaurantsseektodrawpetowners,theyarestilltheexception.Mostlocalhealthrulesmakeitclearthatpetsshouldbepreventedfromrestaurantsandsuggestthattheybekeptoutofopen-airareas.Still,manyofficialsdon’tpayattentiontotherulesandallowpetstositoutsidewiththeirowners.Tomakepetownersconvenientwithintherules,somerestaurantsallowpetstositwiththeirownersonlywhentheanimalsare“parked”justoutsidethedesignated（指定的）diningarea.1．Whydoesitbecomepartoftheevening’smenutotakepetsforamealnaturallyinAmerica?A．Manyrestaurantsaimtopleasenon-humanguests.B．Peoplehavemealsoutmoreoftenthaneverbefore.C．Petownerswanttogivetheirpetsbetterthingstoeat.D．Moreandmorerestaurantshavefriendlyrulesforpets.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“court”meaninParagraph5?A．Trytoplease. B．Trytostop. C．Trytoclean. D．Trytointroduce.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Restaurantspleaseownersinordertobringmoredogs.B．Restaurantsgivemorespecialservicetopetsthanhumans.C．Restaurantstrytobalancebetweentherulesandguests’need.D．Healthrulesdon’thaveanyinfluenceondiningoutwithpets.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PetMeals B．PettingCatsinRestaurantsC．PetOwners D．DiningoutwithYourPets【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D【导语】本文主要介绍了随着美国人外出就餐更加频繁，许多餐厅为了吸引顾客也允许顾客带着宠物就餐的现象。1．细节理解题。根据“Americansmoreandmoredependonrestaurants(theyeat4.2mealsouteachweek),it’sonlynaturalthatthefamilypetisfinallygettingintotheact.”可知，在美国，因为人们外出就餐的次数比以往任何时候都多了，所以带宠物吃饭自然而然地成为晚上菜单的一部分，故选B。2．词义猜测题。根据“‘Dogsneversendtheirfoodback,’jokesoneowner.”一位主人开玩笑说：“狗从来不会把食物退回来。”，所以餐馆会取悦狗狗，因此单词“court”指的是“奉承，讨好”，故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Evenasmorerestaurantsseektodrawpetowners,theyarestilltheexception.Mostlocalhealthrulesmakeitclearthatpetsshouldbepreventedfromrestaurantsandsuggestthattheybekeptoutofopen-airareas.”以及下文的理解可知，最后两段主要是介绍餐馆试图在规则和客人的需求之间取得平衡。故选C。4．最佳标题题。根据“Takeyourdogforameal.Atmorerestaurants,includingsomeofthemostfashionableones,diningwithanimalsisnowpartoftheevening’smenu.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍和宠物出去吃饭的这一现象越来越常见，故选D。2.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Parentsandteachersknowhowdifficulttheteenageyearscanbe.Teenshavealwaysbeenknowntodowild,evendangerousthings.Thiswasthoughttobebecauseofthe“foolishnessofyouth”.Now,thenewtechnologyallowsscientiststostudythephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail.Theirdiscoverieshaveledtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthisway.AWorkinProgressRecently,scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageof6,theyarefarfromfullydeveloped.Onlyduringyouthhoodourbrainstruly“growup”.Duringthistime,theygothroughgreatchanges,likeacomputersystembeingupgraded.Now,scientistshaveconcludedthatourbrainscontinuetochangeuntilage25.Suchchangesmakeusbetteratbalancingimpulses(冲动)withthefollowingrules.Butastill-developingbraincan’tdoitwell.Theresultisthechangeablebehaviorseeninteenagers.PleasureSeekersThestudiessaythatteensprobablytakerisksandbehavebadly.Luckily,asabrainscientistpointsout,theteenbrainencouragessuchbehaviorinordertohelpteensprepareforadultlife.Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensmeasureriskandreward.Researchersfoundthatwhenteensthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethananadultbraindoes.Researchersbelievethismakestherewardsseemmoreimportantthantherisks,andmakesteensfeelmoreexcitedaboutnewexperiencesthanadultsdo.Researchalsofoundthatitmakessocialconnectionsseemespeciallyuseful.Thebrainencouragesteenstohaveawidecircleoffriends,whichisbelievedtomakeusmoresuccessfulinlife.Unluckily,thishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenstomakebaddecisions.However,italsomeansthatteensaremorepossible,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent,whichcanhelpteensleavetheirparents’careandlivetheirownlivessuccessfully.5．Whatcanweknowaboutourbrains?A．Theydon’tdevelopuntilage25.B．Theyarefullydevelopedbytheageof6.C．Theygrowbiggeronlyduringyouthhood.D．It’snoteasytoactonimpulsewithdevelopedbrains.6．Howdoestheteenbrainhelpthemprepareforadultlife?A．Bymakingteenskeepoffnewpeople.B．Byleadingteenstomakebaddecisions.C．Bymakingteensbravertotrynewthings.D．Bychangingthewayteensmeasurepleasureandreward.7．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．8．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．Theteens B．TheteenagebrainC．Thepleasureseekers D．Theworkinprogress【答案】5．D6．C7．A8．B【导语】本文主要介绍了青少年的大脑。5．推理判断题。根据“Duringthistime,theygothroughgreatchanges,likeacomputersystembeingupgraded.Now,scientistshaveconcludedthatourbrainscontinuetochangeuntilage25.Suchchangesmakeusbetteratbalancingimpulses(冲动)withthefollowingrules.”可知发育好的大脑不容易冲动行事。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据“Thestudiessaythatteensprobablytakerisksandbehavebadly.Luckily,asabrainscientistpointsout,theteenbrainencouragessuchbehaviorinordertohelpteensprepareforadultlife.”可知让青少年勇于尝试新事物来帮助他们为成年生活做准备。故选C。7．篇章结构题。本文第一段是总领全文，介绍了科学家的发现引出了一个关于青少年为什么会这样做的新理论；第二段介绍了青少年的大脑正在进行的工作；第三、四、五和第六段介绍了青少年可能会冒险，行为不端，青少年的大脑鼓励这种行为，以帮助青少年为成年生活做好准备，可以让他们成功地过上自己的生活。所以A选项符合，故选A。8．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了青少年的大脑。故选B。3.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Whenisadollarworthmuchmorethanadollar?Whencanamistakemakesomethingworthmuchmore?Whatgetsmorevaluablewithage?Numismaticexpertslovetodiscussthesequestions!Whenmostpeopleconsiderthevalueofpapermoney,theytakeaquicklookatthefacevalue.(Thefacevalueisthevalueprintedonthemoneyitself.)Anumismaticexperttakesamuchcloserlook!Becominganumismaticexpertrequiresattentiontodetails.Therearemanywords,picturesandnumbersoneachdollarbill.Onethinganumismaticexpertwillconsiderwhenlookingatpapermoneyisthetypeofcurrency(货币).AtthetopofmostU.S.dollars,youwillseethewordsFederalReserveNote.Onaverysmallnumberofbills,youmayseethewordsSilverCertificate.Before1968,aSilverCertificatecouldbechangedforsilver.Sodon’tspendthatbillbecauseitisprobablyworthmorethanadollar.Next,anumismaticexpertislikelytotakealookattheserialnumbersonthebill.TheserialnumberisprintedbothonthebottomleftandontheupperrightofmostU.S.dollars.Iftheserialnumbersdonotmatch,thedollarbillisworthmuchmorethanadollar.Billswithcertainserialnumbersarealsolikelytobeworthmorethantheirfacevalue.Forexample,abillwitharepeatingserialnumber,suchas5555555isinhighdemand.Thismakesitworthmuchmorethanadollar.Abillwithanasterisk(*)beforetheserialnumbernotesthattherewasanerrorbeforeproductionofthebill.Thisasteriskoftenmakesthebillmorevaluable.Ifanyofthenumbersorpicturesonadollarbillareshifted,notprintedexactlywheretheyshouldbe,thevalueofthebillincreasesgreatly,whichmakesithaveaveryhighcollectionvalue.Thereismuchmoretolearnaboutnumismatics.Ifyouwouldliketobecomeanumismaticexpert,thefirststepistotakeacloserlookatthemoneythatpassesthroughyourhands.Goodluck!9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Numismaticexperts”inParagraph1mean?A．Expertsonstudyingmoneyandcurrency.B．Expertsonteachingpeopletoearnmoney.C．Expertsonstudyingnumbersandmaths.D．Expertsondesigningbillsandnotes.10．Whichofthefollowingdollarbillvaluesmost?A．Abillwithclearandbeautifulpictures.B．AbillwithFederalReserveNoteatthetop.C．Abillwithanasteriskbeforetheserialnumber.D．Abillwithacertainserialnumber,like8650983.11．WhatdoesParagraph3tellus?A．Whatshouldberequiredtobecomeanumismaticexpert.B．Whatwords,picturesandnumbersareoneachdollarbill.C．Thetypeofcurrencyinfluencesthevalueofthepapermoney.D．SilverCertificatenoteisworthmorethanFederalReservenote.12．Inwhatkindofmagazinecanyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A．Geography. B．Travel. C．History. D．Collection.【答案】9．A10．C11．C12．D【导语】本文介绍了一美元在什么情况下会比面值1美元更加值钱，并介绍了如何判断自己手中的钱是否更值钱的判断方法。9．推理判断题。根据“Whenmostpeopleconsiderthevalueofpapermoney,theytakeaquicklookatthefacevalue.(Thefacevalueisthevalueprintedonthemoneyitself.)Anumismaticexperttakesamuchcloserlook!”可知，短语“Numismaticexperts”指的是“研究金钱和货币的专家”，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“Abillwithanasterisk(*)beforetheserialnumbernotesthattherewasanerrorbeforeproductionofthebill.Thisasteriskoftenmakesthebillmorevaluable.”可知，在序列号前带有星号(*)的票据表明在票据生产之前存在错误。这个星号通常使钞票更有价值。故选C。11．段落大意题。根据“Therearemanywords,picturesandnumbersoneachdollarbill.Onethinganumismaticexpertwillconsiderwhenlookingatpapermoneyisthetypeofcurrency(货币)...”可知，本段主要介绍了货币的种类会影响纸币的价值。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据“Ifanyofthenumbersorpicturesonadollarbillareshifted,notprintedexactlywheretheyshouldbe,thevalueofthebillincreasesgreatly,whichmakesithaveaveryhighcollectionvalue.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍什么样的钱币更有价值，如何判断等，应该是在收藏类的杂志上能看到，故选D。4.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）BicycleshavelongbeenusedfortransportationinChina.Butrecently,cyclinghasbecomepopularbecauseoftheresultofrestrictionsduetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Thepandemichasmadecyclingmorepopularasofficialsclosedsomegymnasiumsorplacesforexercise.LindaMocouldnotexerciseindoorsinMaybecauseofthepandemic.So,shestartedcyclingandsoonlovedthesport.“Irealizedaracingbicyclewasquitedifferentthanaregularbike,”shesaid,adding,“It’sveryfastandexciting...”ForcyclistYangLan,thesportalsoprovidesanescapefromthedailydifficultiesoflife.“Withthepandemic...itseemstobetheonlywayforustorunawayfromtheterriblecitylife...”shesaid.Naturally,thegrowthincyclinghasincreasedthedemandforbicycles.Beijingstores’salesrose20to30percentfromMarchtoJune,comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.ZhouFuyuan,thefounderofMagicCycling,saidChina’sbicyclemarketwasa$12to$15billionindustryin2021.ResearchandMarketspredictthatthesalescouldreach$16.5billionby2026.Becauseofincreasingdemandandworldwidesupplychainproblems,peoplemustwaitweeksormonthstogetone.ForeverySpecializedbicyclesoldinBeijingatleast10customersarewaitingfortheirbicyclestoarrive,JoannaLeichosetopaymoreforbicycleavailable.Shesaidthemoneywasbetterspentthanonaluxurybag.“Whatyouareinvestinginisyourownbodyandaverygoodhabit,”shesaid.Leiadded,“Ithinkitismorevaluablethanclothesthatyouwearorhandbagsthatyouuse.”Peoplewillhavemorechoicesforsportsandentertainmentwhenthepandemicisover.ButFengsaysheexpectscyclingtoremainpopularbecauseofChina’sgrowinghealthconcernsandawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.“Suchalifestyleisprobablyhealthierandismorebeneficialtosociety,”Yangsaid.Sheadded,“Ithinkpeoplenowhaveagoodsenseofenvironmentalprotectionandhopetodogoodforsociety.”13．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhycyclinghasbecomepopularinChina?A．Becausecyclinggivespeopleanescapefromthedailydifficultiesoflife.B．Becauseofficialsclosedsomeplacesforexerciseduringthepandemic.C．Becausecyclingismorevaluablethanaluxurybag.D．Becausepeople’shealthconcernshaveincreased.14．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inParagraph6referto?A．Theenvironment B．Cycling C．Agoodhabit D．Abicycle15．Thewriterlistslotsofnumbersinthepassage________.A．toexplainwhythepriceofbicycleisrisingB．tostatethegrowingdemandofbicyclesinChinaC．tocomparebicyclessalesbeforeandafterthepandemicD．toshowpeople’sincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalprotection16．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Cyclingisfastandexciting. B．Cyclingisgoodforourhealth.C．Cyclingisbeneficialtothesociety. D．CyclinghasbecomemorepopularinChina.【答案】13．C14．C15．B16．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了越来越多的人选择骑自行车。13．推理判断题。根据“thesportalsoprovidesanescapefromthedailydifficultiesoflife”、“Thepandemichasmadecyclingmorepopularasofficialsclosedsomegymnasiumsorplacesforexercise”以及“ButFengsaysheexpectscyclingtoremainpopularbecauseofChina’sgrowinghealthconcerns”可知，只有C选项“因为骑自行车比一个奢侈的包更有价值。”不是骑车在中国流行的原因。故选C。14．词句猜测题。根据“Whatyouareinvestinginisyourownbodyandaverygoodhabit”可知，it指代上文的“好习惯”。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据“cyclinghasbecomepopular”以及“Becauseofincreasingdemand”可知，目的是为了展现对自行车需求的增长。故选B。16．最佳标题题。根据首段“BicycleshavelongbeenusedfortransportationinChina.Butrecently,cyclinghasbecomepopularbecauseoftheresultofrestrictionsduetotheCOVID-19pandemic.”以及下文的内容可知，整篇文章围绕着自行车变得流行而展开。故选D。5.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Whatobjecthasthemagicabilitytoprovideyouwithawholenewworld,whereyoucanreadbooks,sendmessagesorgoonlinechatting,postpicturesonsocialmediaorwatchTVprogrammesanytime?Whatcanentertainyoudayandnight?Yes,youknowtheanswer—yourhandphone.Clearly,thehandphonesatisfiesallourwantsandneeds,leavingusdesiringmore.AccordingtoasurveyreportbyConnectedLife,Singaporeanyouthsspendanaverageof3.4hoursadayontheirphones.Thismaynotseemlikeabignumbertoyou,butthink:whatcouldyoudointhreehours?Cyclingattheparkwithyourfamily,reviewingyourwork,helpingafriendwithhiswork.Timewastedislifewasted.Isthesacrificeworthit?No,phoneaddictionmustcometoafullstoptoday.How?Onewaytostopaddictionistodownloadsomeappstofollowthetimeyouspendonyourphonedaily.Youwillfindmanymobileappsthathelptracktheexactlengthoftimeyouspendonyourphone,tellingyouifyourunovertime.Eachdayyoucanstartafreshwithanewgoal,withanewsenseofwhatyouneedtodoandwhatyoudonot.Anothermethodistokeepyourphoneoffandplaceitoutofsight.Whenyourphoneisoff,youwouldbeunabletocheckitsooften.Althoughtheremaybeastrongdesireforyourphone,keepinmindthemanydifferenttasksyouneedtodoinsteadandworkonthem.Whenyoufeelliketurningiton,smackyourhandandtellyourselffirmly,“Later!”Inshort,themosteffectivewayistobusyyourselfwithotheractivitiesandpushthecomplaintsofthelossofvaluabletimewithMrSmartphoneoutofyourmind.Afterall,thesejoysareonlyshort-term,andwillbeyourregretinthelongrun.Nowisthetimetolockyourhandphoneandunlockyourlife.Bealiveinthisworld,fullofhopesanddreams,beautyandwonders.Cherishyouryouthwhileyoucan.Youdonotwanttoregret.17．What’sthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Totellwhathandphoneaddictionis.B．Totellthetimethatwaswastedbyadults.C．Totellthereasontocutdownhandphonetime.D．Totellhowtostopoverusingthehandphone.18．Whatisthebestwaytostopphoneaddictionaccordingtothepassage?A．Checkthephoneasmuchaspossible.B．Usesomeappstocheckthetimeyouwork.C．Keepyourselfbusywithmanydifferenttasks.D．Spendnomorethan3.4hoursonthephoneaday.19．Whichofthefollowingsayingbestdescribesthesecondmethod?A．Nopains,nogains. B．Outofsight,outofmind.C．Practicemakesperfect. D．Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.20．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．KeepYourHandphoneOff B．SatisfyYourNeedsC．TurnYourHandphoneOff D．UnlockYourLife【答案】17．C18．C19．B20．D【导语】本文主要讲述了如何戒掉手机瘾的方法，并劝说我们不要沉溺于手机，而是开启生活。17．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，每天花费在手机上的时间可以做很多事情，浪费时间就是浪费生命，因此作者写这一段内容的目的是告诉我们减少手机时间的原因。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据“Inshort,themosteffectivewayistobusyyourselfwithotheractivitiesandpushthecomplaintsofthelossofvaluabletimewithMrSmartphoneoutofyourmind.”可知，戒掉手机瘾的最有效的方法就是让自己忙于其他活动。故选C。19．推理判断题。根据“Anothermethodistokeepyourphoneoffandplaceitoutofsight.”可知，第二个方法就是把手机放在看不见的地方，也就是“眼不见，心不烦”。故选B。20．最佳标题题。通读全文内容和“Nowisthetimetolockyourhandphoneandunlockyourlife.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何戒掉手机瘾的方法，也劝说我们不要沉溺于手机，而是开启生活。故选D。6.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Scientistshaveshownthathumansappeartohaveanabilitytounderstandthesignsofapes.Asweallknow,humansusewordstotalktoeachother.Butwealsopoint,nod,anduseourhandstoshowwhatwemean.We’vebeendoingthisfortensofthousandsofyears.Apeshavetheirownsystemofgesturestoshowwhattheymean.Chimpanzeesandbonobos（倭黑猩猩）aretwokindsofapesthataretheclosesttohumans.Theyuseabout80differentgesturestoshowwhattheymean.Forexample,agesturetheresearcherscall“bigloudscratch”means“helppickinsectsoffme”.Scientistshavelearnedthemeaningsofthesegesturesbystudyingchimpanzeesandbonobosforyears.Besides,scientistshavestudiedhowapesusegestures.Butnoonehadstudiedwhetherhumanscouldunderstandthegesturesofapes.ResearchersKirstyGrahamandCatherineHobaiterattheUniversityofSt.Andrewsdecidedtotestthisidea.Theywantedtoseeifhumanswithnotrainingorexperiencecouldunderstandthegesturesofchimpanzeesandbonobos.Theresearcherscreatedagameforpeopletoplayonline.Thegamewassimple.Peoplewatchedshortvideosofapesmakingagesture.Thentheyhadtochoosethecorrectmeaningofthegestureoutoffourpossibleanswers.Thousandsofpeopleplayedthegame.Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatpeoplewereabletochoosethecorrectmeaningofthegesturesover50%ofthetime.Forsomeofthegestures,peoplewereabletochoosethecorrectmeaningabout80%ofthetime.Thescientistsbelievethathumansmayhaveanaturalabilitytounderstandthegesturesofapes.Butit’snotclearwhy.Humansandotherapesalldevelopedfromanearlierkindofapethatlivedlongago.Onepossibilityisthatthebodylanguageofthesegestureshasbeenpasseddownfromthissharedancestor（祖先）.Anotherpossibilityisthatthegesturesareanaturalresultofhumansandapessharingsimilarbodyshapesandneedingtocommunicatesimilarideas.It’salsopossiblethatthegesturessimplylookliketheactionstheyarerequesting.Theresearcherssaythattheyneedtostudyhowhumansareabletounderstandthegesturesofapes.They’realsocuriousabouthowhumansunderstandotheranimals,likedogs.21．HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph3?A．Bytellingastory. B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bygivingasuggestion. D．Byexpressinganopinion.22．WhydidKirstyGrahamandCatherineHobaiterdecidetotesttheiridea?A．Theywererequiredtofindoutthetruth.B．Theywantedtoprovethatchimpanzeesarehumanancestors.C．Theywonderedifhumanshadthenaturalabilitytounderstandthegesturesof

apes.D．Theywantedtocreateaninterestinggameaboutchimpanzeesforpeopletoplayonline.23．Whichofthefollowingphrases“passdown”hasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedoneinthepassage?A．Passdownthebusandmakeroomformorepassengers.B．Thetraditionhasbeenpasseddownforhundredsofyears.C．Whydidhekeeppassingdowntheballbacktothegoalkeeper?D．Hisorderswerepasseddownfromthesmallgrouptotheotherworkers.24．Accordingtothepassage,whatwilltheresearchersprobablydonext?A．Begintostudydogs.B．Encouragepeopletodoresearchonapes.C．Createmoregamesforpeopletoplayonline.D．Studyhowhumanscanunderstandthegesturesofapes.【答案】21．B22．C23．B24．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了科学家觉得人类可以明白类人猿的手势意思。21．推理判断题。根据文中“Forexample,agesturetheresearcherscall‘bigloudscratch’means‘helppickinsectsoffme’”可知，此处是举出一个例子来证明前面的观点。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据文中“Theywantedtoseeifhumanswithnotrainingorexperiencecouldunderstandthegesturesofchimpanzeesandbonobos.”可知他们是想知道没有任何经验和训练的人是不是可以知道这些猩猩的手势意思。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据文中“Onepossibilityisthatthebodylanguageofthesegestureshasbeenpasseddownfromthissharedancestor”可知，此处出现了来自祖先，所以可以推测出passdown可翻译为“流传，传承”，而选项中“Thetraditionhasbeenpasseddownforhundredsofyears.”表示这个传统都流传了几百年了，两句的“passdown”意思一致。故选B。24．细节理解题。根据文中“Theresearcherssaythattheyneedtostudyhowhumansareabletounderstandthegesturesofapes.”可知研究人员说他们需要去研究人类是如何能够理解类人猿手势意思的，只有D符合题意。故选D。7.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Teensoftenfindthemselveshardtocommunicatetheirneedsortheirvalueswithfriendsandothers.Evenwhentheirgut（直觉）istellingthemthatsomeoneiscrossingalinewiththem,it’sdifficultforthemtoexpressthatthesituationismakingthemuncomfortable.Forthisreason,teensneedtolearnhowtosetboundaries（界限）withothers.Althoughboundariesaredifferentforeveryone,theyhelpteenssetlimits（限制）withothersinordertoprotectthemselves.SettingboundariesallowsteenstocommunicatewithotherpeopleaboutwhatisOKandwhatisnotOKwiththem,anditisessentialforteenfriendships.ExplanationofBoundariesBoundariesarelimitsteenssetinordertoprotectthemselvesinsomewayfrombeinghurtorbullied.Asanexpressionofself-worth,boundariesletotherpeopleknowwhotheyare,whattheyvalue,andhowtheywanttobetreated.Inaddition,boundarieshelptocreatespacebetweenteensandotherpeoplewhentheyneedthem.ImportanceofBoundariesLearninghowtosetboundariesisanimportantpartofgrowingup.It’salsoessentialtodeveloprelationshipsthatarerespectful,supportive,andhealthy.Unfortunately,manyteenshavetroublesettingboundarieswiththeirfriends.Whenthishappens,itputsthematriskforeverythingfromunhealthyfriendshipstobullying.Settingboundarieswithotherpeoplenotonlyhelpskeepteenssafebutalsohelpprotecttheirmentalhealth.Beinginanunhealthyrelationshiphasanumberofbadresults.Ifteenshavepeopleintheirlivessuchasunkindfriends,acontrollingpartner,oranadultthatmakesthemfeeluncomfortableanddisrespected,theyneedtoconsidersettingboundarieswiththosepeople.________Infact,teenswillrunintoanumberofdifferentsituationsthroughouttheirlifethatchallengetheirvaluesandtheirbeliefs.Knowinghowtosetboundariescanhelpthemstaysafeandbetruetowhotheyare.Herearesometipsforsettingboundaries:●Identifytheirfeelings.●Trusttheirgut.●Identifytheirunacceptablebehaviors.●Knowabouttherisksofnotsettingboundaries.25．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisagoodexampleofsettingboundaries?A．Jerryrefusedtocommunicatewithparentsandfriends.B．Aboyaged14talkedabouthishobbywithhisbestfriend.C．KellyaskedAgonyAuntforhelpwhenshewasintrouble.D．Youletyourfriendknowhowyouwantedtobetreatedpolitely.26．Whatistheadvantageofsettingboundaries?A．Showingrespecttoparents. B．Reducingspacewithothers.C．Knowingthevalueoffriends. D．Buildinguphealthyrelationships.27．Whichsub-titleshouldbeputintheblank“________”?A．WaysofSettingBoundaries B．LearningaboutBoundariesC．TheInfluenceofSettingBoundaries D．DifferentSituationsthroughoutTeens’Life28．Whichpartofthenewspaperisthepassagemostprobablyfrom?A．QuizTime. B．TopicsinFocus. C．MindStation. D．ScientificStudy.【答案】25．D26．D27．A28．C【导语】本文主要对界限作出了解释并讲述了界限的重要性，最后讲述了青少年应如何与他人建立界限。25．推理判断题。根据“Asanexpressionofself-worth,boundariesletotherpeopleknowwhotheyare,whattheyvalue,andhowtheywanttobetreated.”可知，界限让其他人知道他们是谁，他们的价值观是什么，以及他们希望被如何对待。选项D“你让你的朋友知道你想被礼貌地对待。”符合建立界限的例子。故选D。26．细节理解题。根据“Settingboundarieswithotherpeoplenotonlyhelpskeepteenssafebutalsohelpprotecttheirmentalhealth.”可知，建立界限有助于建立健康的关系。故选D。27．最佳标题题。根据“Herearesometipsforsettingboundaries:●Identifytheirfeelings.●Trusttheirgut.●Identifytheirunacceptablebehaviors.●Knowabouttherisksofnotsettingboundaries.”可知，本段主要是讲建立界限的方法。故选A。28．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了青少年和他人之间应建立一定的界限，这有助于他们建立良好的关系，因此最有可能来自于心灵驿站这部分。故选C。8.（2023·广东广州·统考一模）Whenanewcellphonestartstobesoldinstores,manypeoplerushouttobuyone.Weallwantthenewest,latestthing.Butwhatshouldwedowithouroldcellphones?MikeTownsendworksatTotalRecall,acellphonerecyclingcompany.“Don’tthrowyouroldphoneaway.Sendittousandwe’llrecycleit,”hesays.“Ifyouthrowitaway,itgoeswithotherrubbishtobecomelandfill.Inotherwords,itisputinabigholeintheground,anditbecomesabigproblem.”Cellphonescontainsomeharmfulmaterials,likeleadandcadmium(镉).Theycanharmtheenvironment,wildlife,andevenhumans.Ifyourphonegoestoalandfill,theseharmfulmaterialscangetoutandgetintothewaterundertheground.That’sthewaterweneedfordrinkingorthewaterthatgoesintoriversortheocean.Millionsofcellphonesarethrownawayeveryyear.Thatresultsinalotoflandfillandproducesalotofharmfulmaterials.“AtTotalRecall,wetaketheoldphonesapart.Mostofthematerialsinacellphonecanberecycledandusedagain,”explainsMike.“Wesellthepartsandtheyareusedtomakenewproducts.Forexample,phonebatteriescontainnickel(镍)andcadmium.Thenickelisusedtomakesteelandthecadmiumcanbeusedtomakenewbatteries.Theplasticcasesofthe