2022年北京高考英语模拟考场仿真演练英语试卷03（原卷版）

………○……○……○……○……○………………装………………○………………订………………○………○……○……○……○……○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○………………学校：班级：姓名：准考证号：模拟考场·仿真演练！ 模拟考场·仿真演练！//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////………装…………………订…………………线………………考生注意清点试卷有无漏印或缺页，若有要及时更换，否则责任自负。试卷第=PAGE2*2-13页（共4页）试卷第=PAGE2*24页（共4页）绝密★启用前2022年高考英语模拟考场仿真演练卷03英语（北京专用）本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastweekend,Ihadanopportunitytoserveasavolunteeratanursinghomeinanothercity.Idon’thaveacar,andeventhe1trainstationisfarawayfrommyhouse.2,Iwasn’tsurehowtogetthere.Ipostedarequestforarideontherideshareboard.SoonanindividualI’dnevermet___3thathe’dbeabletopickmeupanddropmeoffatthestation.Hesaidhe’dwaituntilmytrainarrivedbeforehedroveaway.Myheart4andthestressI’dbeenfeelingdisappearedimmediatelyandthusourfriendshipbegan.Iendeduparrivingatthenursinghomein5.Thetinyteamofserversthereweregratefulfortheadditionalhelp.Weallworkedtogetherasateam.Iwasgladtobeapartofthisandbeof6totheelderly.Thateveningwhenmynewfrienddroppedmeofatthestation,he7thatitwasinadesertedarea.Soheparkedhiscarandsaid,”Wewillwaitforthe8tocometogether.”Icouldn’tbelievehiskindness.Withfiveminutesleftbeforethetrainarrived,he9sowithmestoriesofhischildhood.Asayoungboy,heusedtositneartheedgeofthetraintracks,waitingexcitedlyforthetrainstorushbywithalltheirforce.Thatnighthewaitedwithmeasmytrainarrived.Itdidn’trushbywithfullforcebutIleftthatstation10thefullforceofhiskindnessandgenerosity.Peoplelikehimwouldteachmehowtoloveandhowtogive.1.A.closest B.largest C.best D.latest2.A.However B.Instead C.Therefore D.Otherwise3.A.remembered B.joked C.replied D.pretended4.A.broke B.changed C.sank D.warmed5.A.time B.return C.order D.turn6.A.interest B.curiosity C.hope D.service7.A.admitted B.noticed C.heard D.intended8.A.taxi B.bus C.train D.car9.A.argued B.compared C.discussed D.shared10.A.doubting B.feeling C.ignoring D.wondering第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ASpaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(become)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalk12themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedvery13(rapid).Ithasproduced,muchamazingtechnologythatbringschangestotheworld.BLeaf-cutterantsareinteresting.14(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteofbitsofleavesandcarrythemback.Watchingtheseantsmarchinsinglefile,carryingleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat15(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves16(collect)bytheantsarenotforeating.Theyarebroughtbacksofungus(真菌)cangrowonthem.Thefungusisthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstotellastoryandapowerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,____17____wereusedinmovie-making,showedstories18(break)upintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory_19(draw)outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peoplewerethenabletotalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARosettaStoneTheappoffers25languagestochoosefromanditlistenstoyourpronunciationtohelpgraspyourskills.Ithelpsyoulearnlanguagefoundationsfaster.RosettaStonestartsat$35.97for3months,buthasadditionalplansofdifferentlengths,includingalifetimemembershipfor$199.MangoWhilemanyoftheappsonthislistfocusongamifying(游戏化)andmakingthelearningexperienceaddictive,Mangogoesintheotherdirection,payingmuchattentiontodetailedinstruction.Asinglelanguagewillcostyou$7.99amonth,or$17.99foraccesstoallofavailablelanguages(that’s70languages).Mangohaslongerlessons,whichaverageatabout12minutesperlesson.Theselessonsareverydetailed,andMangoemphasizesconversation-basedmethodologytogetyoutowardbeingfluent.MondlyMondlyfocusesongamifyingthelanguage-learningexperience.YoucangetstartedonMondlyforfreeandupgradetoasubscriptionservice,rangingbetween$9.99and$479.90.Theappisgoodforthosewhohavenoexperienceinlearninganewlanguage.DuolingoDuolingoisfamousforitsowl(猫头鹰)ifyoudon’tkeepontrackwithyourlessons.Thebestpartofthisappisthatit’scompletelyfree,althoughyouhavetheoptiontoupgradeifyou’dliketoavoidtheads.Theupgradedplanis$12.99amonth,andwith34languagestolearn,it’stheeasiestappbyfartogetstartedwith.There’recomprehensiontestsforlisteningandreading.You’lllistentoastoryandanswerquestionstoseehowmuchyoucomprehendedfromthestory.21.WhatisspecialaboutMango?A.Itgamifiesthelanguagelearning.B.Itoffersa12-minutelessonatatime.C.Itisthecheapestappofthefour.D.Itfocusesondetailedinstruction.22.WhatisthefunctionoftheowlinDuolingo?A.Trainingitsusers’listening.B.Forcingitsuserstokeepgoing.C.Preventingitsusersfromtheads.D.Helpingitsusersanswerquestions.23.Whichappisthemostsuitableforforeignlanguagebeginners?A.Mondly.B.Mango.C.Duolingo.D.RosettaStone.BManyanimalsdependuponsoundtofindfood,detectenemiesandcommunicatewithoneanother.Thesespeciesunderstandablysufferwhenloudmotorwayscutthroughtheirhabitats.Somedealwithbysingingmoreloudly,somechangethetimingoftheircallstooccurwhenfewerpeoplearedriving,othersjustmovetoquieterplaces.Alloftheseactionscomewithsignificantcostsattachedandscientistshavelongdocumentedtheecologicaldamagecausedbynoisepollution.Ithasalwaysbeenassumed,however,thatnoiseisaproblemuniquetoanimals.ButanewstudybyAliAkbarGhotbi-Ravandi,abotanistatShahidBeheshtiUniversityinTehran,hasshowedthatplantssuffertoo.Thatplantscanbehamperedindirectlybynoisepollutionhasneverbeenindoubt.Sincemostfloweringspeciesdependuponpollinators(传粉者)andmostfruit-bearingspeciesneedanimalstospreadtheirseeds,itisobviousthatiftheseanimalpartnersareharmedbynoisethentheirbotanicalcounterpartswilldobadly,too.Whathasremainedunknowniswhetherornotplantsthemselvessufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.Soundsarepressurewavestransmittedthroughgases,liquidsandsolids,Scientistshavepreviouslyassumedthatplantsmaybeabletosensethesewavesastheyarestruckbythem.Anumberofexperimentshaveconfirmedthisinrecentyears—plantsbombedwithultrasound(超声波)inthelabhaveshownarangeofbadresponsesincludingtheexpressionofstress-relatedgenes,slowgrowthandreducedproductionofseeds.Yetbombingplantswithultrasoundisnotthesameasgrowingtheminthepresenceofactualtrafficnoise.Tothisend,DrGhotbi-Ravandidecidedtosetupanexperimenttostudypreciselythisquestion.24.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Todrawreaders’interest.C.Tostressthedamageofnoise. D.Tostatesound’seffectonanimals.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hampered”inparagraph3mean?A.Killed. B.Harmed. C.Attracted. D.Frightened.26.Whatisstillunknowntoscientists?A.Howsomeanimalsrespondtonoise.B.Thatnoiseisn’taproblemuniquetoanimals.C.Whetherplantssufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.D.Thatmostplantsdependonanimalstospreadseeds.27.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Waystosolvetheproblemsoftrafficnoise.B.Differencesbetweenultrasoundandtrafficnoise.C.DrGhotbi-Ravandi’sachievementsonplantsstudy.D.Theexperimentabouttheinfluenceoftrafficnoiseonplants.CStudentsatHuonvilleHighSchoolinAustraliaareridingbikesoutofdesiretofightclimatechange,carryingoutadizzyingly-thoroughtransformationoftheirschoolbuildingintoanenergyefficientinspiration.It’spayingoffbigtime,asthey’vehelpedsave$44,000inutilitybillssincetheystartedtheirenergy-savingproject,butit’salsoinspiringyoungpeopleinthecommunity.RecentlytheschoolwontheZayedFutureEnergyPrizeof$133,000,someofwhichwasusedtoturnabuildingintotheZayedFutureEnergyHub,aclubhousewhere13volunteerslearnandteachabouthowrenewableenergycanbeappliedtooureverydaylives.Amongalltheefficiencyadjustments,theysetupsolarpanelsontheroof,andreplacedtheoldwindowswithdoubleandtripleglazedones.Theyaddedimprovedinsulation(隔热)andenergyefficientcurtains.Theyevenhavestationarybikesthatcreateelectricitytocookdoughnuts.Theclassroomwascoldinthemornings,butthestudentswantedzerocarbonemissionsthroughtheirheating.Sotheywentoutandgotapelletstove,andthenifthatwasn’tenough,theywentoutandbuiltapelletmill(颗粒机)tomaketheirfuelfromwastesawdust.Poweringonesmallbuildingonahighschoolcampusorcookingdoughnutsinrenewablefatfryersisnice,butwilldolittleontheirowntoslowglobalclimatechange.However,theHubismuchmoreaboutthebigpicture.NelSmit,thevolunteerteacher—headoftheHub,knowstheirbiggestcontributionisexcitingthemindsofthenextgeneration.“ThislittleschoolintheHuonValleyisactuallydoingamazingthings,”Smitsaid.“It’sraisedawarenessofrenewableenergy,energyefficiency,andopportunitiesinthecommunityforengagingthemaroundthatsortoftechnology.”28.What’sspecialaboutHuonvilleHighSchool?A.Itattachesimportancetoridingbikes. B.Itpromotestheideaofenergysaving.C.Itencouragesstudentstobecreative. D.Itispoweredentirelybysolarenergy.29.WhatcanbelearnedaboutZayedFutureEnergyHub?A.Itisaclubcenterforvolunteers. B.Itistheplacetoproduceenergy.C.Itisbuiltatthecostof$133,000. D.Itisusedtoholdlearningactivities.30.WhatisthegreatestcontributionoftheprojectaccordingtoSmit?A.Savingalotofenergy. B.Creatingmoregreatminds.C.Educatingthenextgeneration. D.Slowingglobalclimatechange.DIfapresident,aphilosopher,andoneofthebest-sellingwriterscreditedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess,wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Whatifthesecretwassomethingyoualreadyknewhowtodo?Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.Here’swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:“Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth.”ThomasJefferson:“Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.”CharlesDickens:“IfIcouldnotwalkfarandfast,IthinkIshouldjustexplodeanddie.”Researchershavefoundquitealotofconnectionsbetweenwalkingandproducingideas.AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantswere81percentmorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.Accordingtothestudy,walkingoutside-comparedwithonatreadmill(跑步机)-producesthemostnovelandhighest-qualityideas.Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouslykey.Ourcreativethinkingistriggered(触发)byphysicalmovement,whichisexactlywhywalking-withyourdog,afriend,oralone-feedscreativethinking.Thesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.Breakingyourroutinewithawalkcanbeacatalystforfreshunderstandingofproblemsorprojects.Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourfamiliarsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.Youcanwalkthroughatree-filledneighborhood.Youcanwalkthroughaparkandobservepeoplejokingorbirdssinging.Beinginside,you’remorelikelytobelifeless,whichmeansyoudon’thaveenoughenergytowonderorcreate.Soinsteadofsettingafitnessgoal,whynotsetacreativitygoalthatstartswithwalking?Involveyourselfmorecloselyinyoursurroundings.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,andtonoticethewaypeoplemoveandthewaythesunreflectsinapuddle(小水坑).31.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byprovidingbackground. B.Byborrowingphrasesfromgreatminds.C.Bygivingdefinition. D.Bypresentingwell-knownexamples.32.whatdoestheunderlinedword“catalyst”inparagraph4mean?A.Promoter. B.Cure.C.Hope. D.Must.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Natureexplorationimprovesfitness.B.Walkingonatreadmillbringsmoreenergy.C.Workingindoorsmakespeoplelesscreative.D.Familiarsurroundingsencouragenovelideas.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ExerciseinNature. B.TrainYourBrain.C.DevelopYourCreativity. D.WalkforWonder.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Crossingthepedestrianbridgethatconnectsourschooltoitssurroundingneighborhoodremindsusthatthere'smoretoRochesterthanjustourschool.35Bystayingoncampusallthetime,welimitourselvestojustfeelinglikestudentsandnotpeople.Here’salistofthingswecandoaroundRochesterwheneverweseeitagain.36It’sabig,wideopenproducemarketthathappenseverySaturdayonUnionStreet.Theysellflowers,vegetables,fruits,andclothing,andthereareafewrestaurantsandcoffeeshopsalongthealleyway.Often,theyhavelivemusic,andonceIwatchedafriendplaytheirsaxophonethereinfrontofthegrapestand.Studysomewhereelsebesidesschool.Gotoacoffeeshop,oroneofthepubliclibraries.IlikethemusiclibraryatEastman,andthecoffeeshopacrossthestreet,Java's.Rochesterisfullofcafesandspotstositandstudy.37Gotoaconcert,ifyou'reintothat.TheLittleTheaterhasfreelivemusiceverysinglenight,andthere’savarietyofotherbarsandmusichallsthatbringinlocalartists.Mostvenuesoffershowsforlessthan$10.38That’smyfavorite.Thoseguysarecrazy,andwatchingthemplaytheirinstrumentsislikebeingtransportedintoastrange,shimmeringworldofclassicalmusic.Goformorewalks.Whenyou’restuck,listentomusicandroamaroundourcampus.Situnderatreeandlookatallthepeoplewalkingby.Ortakeoneoftheshuttlesthatstopinfrontofthelibrarytoanewneighborhood,liketheSouthWedge,andfloatinandoutofthesmallbusinessesalongthestreet.Or,ifyouknowsomebodywithacar,gotoLetchworthandseethewaterfalls.39A.GototheLiveMusic.B.GotothePublicMarket.C.Buthowoftendowecrossthatbridge?D.Nomatterwhatitis,goingoutsidealwayshelps.E.Ifyoucanfocusoutsideofourownlibrary,doit.F.Additionally,allstudentconcertsatEastmanarefreeforstudentsatourschool.G.It’snosecretthatourcollegecampus,likethemajorityofcampuses,isabubble.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Inmuchofthewesternworld,governmentsnowrequirepeopletowearmaskswhentheyareincrowdedpublicspaces.Thatisgoodnews,formaskscouldbothsavelivesandallowpeopletogetbacktowork.Andtohelpeconomiesrestartsafely,governmentshouldrequirepeopletowearfacecoveringsincrowdedpublicspaces.Peoplethinkofmasksassomethingprotectingthemfromdirtythingsintheair.ButinthecaseofCOVID-19,theirmoreimportantjobistoprotectothersfromaninfectedwearer.Thatisbecauseofoneoftheunusualcharacteristicsofthisdisease:itseemslikelythatinfectionbypeoplewhohavenot,ornotyet,developedsymptoms(症状)makesupaboutathirdtoahalfofthecases.Soevenifeverybodywithsymptomsstaysathome,theviruswillstillspread.Masksblocktherespiratorydroplets(呼吸道飞沫)thatcarrythevirus,somakeriskysituationssafer.Therearesignsthatmaskingisuseful.Evenhome-madefacecoveringscanblockdroplets.Experimentsshowthatapieceofclothoverthemouthandfacecanblock60%ofdroplets—notasgoodasamedicalmask,butmuchbetterthannothing.EastAsiancountries’successincontrollingthediseasearguesinfavourofmasks.Wearingmaskstoprotectagainstpollutionordiseaseiscommonthere,sopeoplecoveredtheirfacesassoonastheywereinformedofCOVID-19.IntheWest,mask-wearingisalien.Andinallofthecountrieswheremask-wearingiscommonpractice,theepidemic(流行病)wasquicklycontrolled.Thisisnotunquestionableevidenceinfavourofmasks.Otherfactorsdistinguishthosemask-wearingcountriesfrombare-facedWesternnations:some,suchasChinaandSouthKorea,havestricttrack-and-tracesystemsandcarryoutmasscoronavirustesting.Yetthecombinationofthisnaturalglobalexperiment,laboratorystudiesandasymptomatictransmission(无症状传播)suggeststhatmaskscanhelpkeeppeoplesafe.Lockdowndestroyseconomies.Socialdistancingdamagesthem.Maskscostnexttonothing.Theywillnotbythemselvesstopanepidemic.Hand-washing,track-and-tracesystemsandwidespreadtestingareallcrucial,too.Butmaskscandotheirbittoprotectpeopleandrebuildeconomies.WhatisthekeyjobofmasksinCOVID-19epidemicaccordingtothewriter?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________41.Pleaseparaphrasetheunderlinedsentenceinyourownwords.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleaseunderlinetheinappropriatepartinthefollowingstatementandexplainwhy.Wearingmasksisimportantandisconsideredthedeterminingfactorinthefightagainsttheepidemic.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________43.PleasebrieflypresentwhatcanbedonetofightagainstCOVID-19.(about40words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________