2022年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真试卷（四）（解析版）

PAGE2/22022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考英语仿真模拟试卷（四）ListeningSectionA（第1-10题,每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionyouwilltenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersondecidewhichisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave1.A.Book.B.Men'ssuits.C.BagsD.Women'sshoes2.A.Thewomancan'tfillouttheformattemomentB.Thewomancan'ttakeavacationnextmonth.C.Thewomanshouldmakearequestfirst,D.Thewomanshouldhavetoldhimearlier.3.A.Heisbusywritingreport B.HehastodropinonareporterC.Heisnowattendingameeting. D.Hewillmeetthemanlaterinthemorning4.A.Goswimming. B.Climbmountains.C.Buyanewjacket. D.Watchtheweatherforecast.5.A.Themandidn'texpectthewomantobeagreatwriterB.ThewomanhastakenmanypicturesatthecontestC.Thewomanisanexperiencedphotographer.D.Themanisextremelyfondoftraveling.6.A.ItstartedtorainwhenshewasatthebeachB.Theforecastcallsformoreraintomorrow.C.She'dlikethemantogotothebeachwithher.D.Shewon'tgotothebeachtomorrowifitrains.7.A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.B.Shedoesn'tenjoylongspeeches.C.Shedidn'tknownhowlongthespeechwouldbe.D.Shedoesn'thaveastrongopinionaboutthespeaker.8.A.She'llconsidertheman'sinvitation.B.Shedoesn'thavetimetoworkinagarden.C.Shedoesn'twanttojointhegardeningclub.D.Shewasneverformallyinvitedtojoinachub.9.A.She'senjoyingthemusic. B.Themusicdoesn'tbotherher.C.ThemusicwillkeepherawakeD.Shewouldpreferadifferentstyleofmus10.A.Fewreadersagreewithhisideas.B.Veryfewpeoplehavereadhisarticle.C.Hedoesn'texpectthearticletobepublished.D.Thewomandoesn'tfullyunderstandthearticle.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Problemsforactors. B.Embarrassedactors.C.Avoidingeatinginfilms. D.Unexpectedfilmscenes12.A.Theymaybeaskedtoeaterdrinkwitchildrenoranimalsonstage.B.Childrenoranimalsmaydrawtheattentionoftheaudience.C.TheyfindsomechildrencannotsaywordsclearlyenoughD.Animalsaresometimesnoteasytodealwith.13.A.Heforgotwhotoserve.B.Hesaidthewrongword8.C.Hecutoffawholechickenleg.D.Heslippedthetrayontothefoor.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.AEuropeantradition.B.Anartmuseum.Acoastalvillage.D.Anartsfestival15.A.Somemoney.B.Theirownpaintings.C.Avisittotheirhomes.D.Achancetopaintwiththem.16.A.TherearepaintingsathomeandsculpturesinthesquareB.AntoniPrestisetuphisownartgalleryseveralyearsago.C.Almosteveryfamilyownssomepaintingsbyfamousartists.D.Theresidentsthereraisedmoneytobuildtheirdomesticmuseum.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.ShewaslongdreamingofgoingtoAfrica.B.Shedidn'tlikeworkingasatravelagentC.Shewastiredofherlifestyleatthattime.D.Shedidn'twanttotravelanymore.18.A.Shetaughtlocalstudentsthebasicsofthelanguage.B.Shetrainedlocalfarmerstomarkettheircrops.C.Shetaughtlocalchildrenaboutculture.D.Shetrainedlocalpeopletobenurses.19.A.Shewasusedtolivinginasmallhouse.B.Shecouldhardlyaffordaflatinthecity.C.Shehadsomefriendslivinginthecountry.D.Shefoundlifeinthecitytoonoisyandcrowded.20.A.DealinginAfricanfurniture.B.RaisingfundstohelpAfricanpeople.C.Workingforavolunteerorganization.D.LecturingaboutherexperienceinAfrica.【答案】1~5.BCCBA6~10.DACCA11~15.ABCDB16~20.ACBDAGrammar（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Awell-knownlandscapephotographerAlexanderHendersonwasborninScotlandin1831andwasthesonofasuccessfulmerchant.Hespentmuchofhischildhood___21___(play)onthebeachorfishinginthestreamsnearby.In1849hebeganathree-yearapprenticeshiptobecomeanaccountant.Althoughheneverlikedtheprospectofabusinesscareer,hestayedwithit___22___(please)hisfamily.LearningphotographyinMontrealaroundtheyear1857,Hendersonquicklytook___23___upasaseriousamateur.Later,hebecameapersonalfriendandcolleagueoftheScottishCanadianphotographerWilliamNotman.___24___theirfriendship,theirstylesofphotographywerequitedifferent.WhileNotman'slandscapes___25___(note)fortheirboldrealism,Hendersonforthefirst20yearsofhiscareerproducedromanticimages.___26___hepublishedhisfirstmajorcollectionoflandscapephotographsin1865,hegainedgreatfameforreflectingtheromanticBritishlandscapetraditioninhisworks.Thepublicationhadlimitedcirculation(onlysevencopieshaveeverbeenfound),wherethecontentsofeachcopy___27___(vary)significantlyandprovedausefulsourceforevaluatingHenderson'searlywork.In1866,hegaveuphisbusinesstoopenaphotographicstudio,___28___(advertise)himselfasportraitandlandscapephotographer.Fromabout1870hedroppedportraituretospecializeinlandscapephotographyandotherviews.Hisnumerousphotographsofcitylife___29___(reveal)instreetscenes,houses,andmarketsarealivewithhumanactivity.Therewassufficientdemandforthesetypesofscenesandothershetookdepictingthepearltrade,steamboatsandwaterfallstoenablehimtomakealiving.In1892Hendersonacceptedafull-timepositionwiththeCPRasmanagerofaphotographicdepartment___30___hewastosetupandadminister.Thatsummerhemadehistripwest,photographingextensivelyalongtherailwaylineasfarasVictoria.Hecontinuedinthispostuntil1897,whenheretiredcompletelyfromphotography.【答案】21.playing22.toplease23.it24.Despite25.werenoted26.After27.varied28.advertising29.revealed30.that/which【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的风景摄影师亚历山大·亨德森从事摄影并逐步成为摄影大师的经历。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他童年的大部分时间都是在海滩上玩耍或在附近的小溪里钓鱼。spendtimedoingsth意为“花时间做某事”，故填playing。【22题详解】考查不定式。句意：虽然他从来都不喜欢经商，但为了让家人高兴，他还是选择了经商。经商是为了让家人高兴，所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填toplease。【23题详解】考查代词。句意：1857年左右，亨德森在蒙特利尔学习摄影，很快就成为了一名真正的业余爱好者。代指前文提到的photography（摄影）应用代词it。故填it。【24题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他们成了朋友，但他们的摄影风格却大不相同。“theirfriendship”和“theirstylesofphotographywerequitedifferent”构成转折关系，且friendship是名词，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”。故填Despite。【25题详解】考查一般过去时和固定短语。句意：虽然诺特曼的风景画以其大胆的现实主义而闻名，亨德森在他职业生涯的头20年里创作浪漫的摄影作品。benotedfor意为“以……闻名”，为固定短语。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语为landscapes，故填werenoted。【26题详解】考查连词。句意：1865年，他出版了第一本重要的风景摄影集后，因在作品中反映浪漫的英国风景传统而名声大噪。此处是指他出版了第一本摄影集后名声大噪。所以应用after表示“在……之后”。故填After。【27题详解】考查时态。句意：这份出版物发行量有限(迄今只找到了七份)，每份出版物的内容差异很大，被证明是评估亨德森早期作品的有用来源。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填varied。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1866年，他放弃了自己的生意，开了一家摄影工作室，宣传自己是肖像和风景摄影师。动词advertise主语he构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填advertising。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他拍摄了大量的城市生活照片，街道场景、房屋和市场都充满了人类的活动。动词reveal意为“显示”，和逻辑主语citylife构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填revealed。【30题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1892年，亨德森接受了CPR的全职职位，担任他将要建立和管理的摄影部门的经理。定语从句“hewastosetupandadminister”中缺少宾语，且先行词为department，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA.overlookedB.alternativeC.urgeD.habituallyE.externalF.interactionG.equivalentH.significantlyI.clueJ.integratedK.infectiousHowhasitbecomethemodern__31__ofglancingatyourwatchthefurtive(偷偷的)lookataphonescreentocheckfornewmessagesorhaveaquicklookatFacebook?Researchershavenowfoundwhyweoftenfeelsuchastrong__32__toglanceatourcellphones.Usingyourmobile,theysay,is__33__.AteamfromtheUniversityofMichigansaypeoplearetwiceaslikelytopullouttheirphonestochecktheirtextmessagesoremailifthey’rewithsomeonewhohasjustdonethesame.Italsofoundthatfemalesweremorelikelytousetheirmobilethanmenbecauseitwasmore__34__intothedailylivesofwomen.Theteamwatchedstudentsindininghallsandcoffeeshopsaroundcampus,observingpairsofstudentssittingattablesforaslongas20minutesanddocumentedtheircellphoneuseat10-secondintervals.“Whatwefoundmostfascinatingwasjusthowoftenpeoplewereusingtheirmobilephones,”DrDanielKruger,thestudy’sco-author,said.“Overall,thestudentsusedtheircellphonesinanaverageof24percent,buttheywere__35__morelikelytousetheirphoneswhentheircompanionhadjustdonesointheprevious10-secondintervalthanwithoutthesocial__36__.“Cellphonescreatea(n)__37__outletforone’sattentionandmaybothpromoteandinterferewithlivesocialinteraction,”theresearcherswrote.Krugerbelievesthispatterncouldberelatedtotheeffectsofsocialinclusionandexlusion.Ifonepersoninapairengagesina(n)__38__conversationthroughtheirphone,hisorhercompanionmayfeelexcluded.Thatcompanionthenmightbecompelledtoconnectwithothersexternallysoasnottofeel__39__.Theresearchersnotethattheymightnotobservethesameresultsinastudyofdifferentcrowdsforexample,inolderadults,whomaynotusecellphonesas__40__.【答案】31-40GCKJHFBEAD【重难点词汇和短语解析】habitually-adv.习惯性地，日常地integrateinto-prep.成为一体，融入alternative-adj.可供选择的;n.备选项interval-n.间隔outlet-n.出口，排放口；发泄方式interferewith-prep.介入;干扰inclusion-n.包含，内含物exclusion-n.被排除在外的事物engagein-prep.参与，从事becompelledto-prep.不得不【试题解析】31题通过词性判断应该是名词，空格前面发的modern和后文的glancingatyourwatch得出选项G.equivalent,本句意思是现代人看手机就像以前的人看手表一样，时不时地会去偷偷瞄两眼。32题判断为名词，通过前文描写人们会时不时地偷偷查看手机这一举动，本句的意思是为什么我们会有如此强烈的欲望去看手机，因此选C.urge.33题的线索在第二段开头，讲到如果别人看手机，我们就更有可能掏出手机来，因此这一举动是具有“传染性的”，因此锁定K.infectious.34题考查短语integrateinto-成为一体，融入。本句讲的是女性比男性更长用手机，因为手机与女性的生活融为一体。35题前后衔接为weremorelikely,因此判断此处为副词，修饰morelikely的程度副词significantly,“更大可能地”，因此答案选H.36题考查短语socialinteraction-社交，此线索也在下文中出现。本句的意思是这些被调查的大学生如果在跟别人社交但当他们的同伴在前10秒间隙内看到别人使用手机时，而没有跟自己有任何交流，那么自己极有可能也去看手机。37题判断词性为形容词，本句意为手机为人们获得他人的注意提供了另一种方式。因此选B.alternative.38题判定为形容词，剩下的形容词当中只有E.external符合本句话的意思，此处在讲两人中有一人在用电话跟别人交流，而这种交流只能是外在的，通过手机沟通。39题判定为形容词，本句意思是看到对方看手机，而为了让自己感到不被忽视也不得不去看手机。因此选A.overlooked.40题所在的这句话举例了其他人群可能并非上文所说的那样，比如老年人就不会常常用手机，表示习惯性地去做什么事，因此答案为D.habitually.ReadingComprehension(41–55题，每题1分；56–70题，每题2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.ScientistssayrecordheathascostreefhalfofcoralsTheGreatBarrierReef,oneoftheearth'smostprecioushabitats,losthalfofitscoralpopulationsinthelastquarter-century,adeclinethatresearchersinAustraliasaidwouldcontinueunlessdrasticactionistakentoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.Colonysizesweresmaller,therewerefewer“bigmamas,"orolderlargecoralsthatproducebabycorals;andtherewerefewerofthosebabies,whicharevitaltothereefsfutureabilityto____41____."OurresultsshowtheabilityoftheGreatBarrierReeftorecover—itsresilience(恢复力)—isweakened____42____thepast,becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults,"Dr.AndyDietzel,theleadauthorofthestudy,saidinastatement.____43____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.Thesouthernpartofthereefwasalso____44____torecord—settingtemperaturesinearly2020.Researcherscitedclimatechangeasoneofthemajor____45____ofdisturbancestoreef.“Thereisnotimeto____46____theysaidinastatement."Wemustsharplydecreasegreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible.”ResearchersweredisappointedaboutwhattheysawasalackofattentiontothestudyfromgovernmentleadersinAustralia,theworld'sbiggestcoralexporter.Thegovernmenthas____47____callstoreducecarbonemissionsevenasheatwaves,droughtandfirescontinuetorevealthecountry,ssituationofbeinghurtbyclimatechange.TheGreatBarrierReef,which____48____avastarrayofmarinelife,hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast."Youcan____49____seeitfromspace,"saidDeronBurkepile.aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.Coralreefsworldwideare______50______forbillionsofdollarsistourismandprovidehabitatsforfishthatfeedclosetoonebillionpeopleontheplanet,hesaid.“Thesituationisserious,"ProfessorBurkepilesaid.Butpeopleshouldnotfeel______51______aboutthefutureofcoralreefs,hesaid,evenastheywaitforworldleaderstotakemore______52______stepstocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.Atthelocallevel,______53______nitrogen(氮)pollution—which______54______fading—canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,accordingtoastudythatProfessorBurkepileconductedwithotherresearchersathisuniversity."Theotherthingthatweneedtotakeawayisthatcoralreefsareamazingresilient,"hesaid."Ifwedon'tcontinuallydamagethem,theywill________55________.A.live B.manufacture C.return D.breedA.intermsof B.inrelationto C.incomparisonwith D.withregardtoA.Fading B.Failing C.Collapsing D.PoisoningA.accustomed B.subjected C.elevated D.adaptedA.drivers B.resources C.consequences D.aspectsA.lose B.engage C.attach D.launchA.raised B.handled C.received D.resistedA.supports B.undergoes C.survives D.accommodatesA.literally B.alternatively C.automatically D.particularlyA.responsible B.profitable C.available D.sustainableA.suspicious B.hesitant C.hopeless D.carelessA.exclusive B.aggressive C.oppressive D.excessiveA.forexample B.infact C.onthecontrary D.inturnA.strengthens B.weakens C.worsens D.exaggeratesA.inherit B.recover C.grow D.prosper【答案】41.D42.C43.A44.B45.A46.A47.D48.A49.A50.A51.C52.B53.A54.C55.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在过去的25年里，地球上最珍贵的栖息地之一大堡礁的珊瑚数量急剧减少。澳大利亚的研究人员表示，除非采取严厉措施减少气候变化的影响，否则珊瑚数量将继续减少。研究人员也表示，人们不必太过悲观，只要人类停止破坏，珊瑚仍然可以自行恢复。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：而幼鱼的数量也减少了，这对珊瑚礁未来的繁殖能力至关重要。A.live生活；B.manufacture制造；C.return返回；D.breed繁殖。根据“becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults”可知，幼鱼的数量减少对珊瑚礁未来的繁殖能力很重要。故选D。【42题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者安迪·迪策尔博士在一份声明中说：“我们的研究结果表明，与过去相比，大堡礁的恢复能力——它的恢复力——减弱了，因为现在的幼珊瑚更少，大型繁殖的成年海豚也更少。”A.intermsof就……而言；B.inrelationto关于；C.incomparisonwith与……相比；D.withregardto至于。根据“becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults,”可知，这里与过去相比较。故选C。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着水温上升，珊瑚变白的过程导致了2016年和2017年大堡礁的睡眠不足。A.Fading褪色；B.Failing失败；C.Collapsing倒塌；D.Poisoning毒害。根据“coralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise”可知，珊瑚变白是一个褪色的过程。故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2020年初，大堡礁南部也经历了创纪录的高温。A.accustomed习惯；B.subjected使遭受；C.elevated鼓舞；D.adapted适应。根据“_____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.”可知，大堡礁南部经历了创纪录的高温。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员认为，气候变化是珊瑚礁受到干扰的主要原因之一。A.drivers驱动因素；B.resources资源；C.consequences结果；D.aspects方面。根据“____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.”可知，气候变化是珊瑚礁受到干扰的驱动因素。故选A。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在一份声明中说，没有时间可以浪费了。A.lose失去；B.engage从事、参与；C.attach贴上;附上；D.launch发起。根据“Wemustsharplydecreasegreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible.”可知，没有时间可以浪费了，应尽快大幅减少温室气体排放。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管热浪、干旱和火灾不断暴露出美国正受到气候变化的影响，政府还是拒绝了减少碳排放的呼吁。A.raised提高；B.handled处理；C.received接受；D.resisted抵制。根据“ResearchersweredisappointedaboutwhattheysawasalackofattentiontothestudyfromgovernmentleadersinAustralia,theworld'sbiggestcoralexporter.”可知，因为政府缺乏关注，政府拒绝减少碳排放的呼吁。故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大堡礁供养着大量的海洋生物，拥有300到400种珊瑚，横跨澳大利亚海岸绵延数千公里。A.supports支持，供养；B.undergoes经历；C.survives生存；D.accommodates适应。根据“hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast.”可知，大堡礁供养着大量的海洋生物。故选A。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：德隆·波克皮尔说：“你从太空都能看到它。”A.literally真正地；B.alternatively二者择一地；C.automatically自动地；D.particularly尤其。根据“TheGreatBarrierReef,which_______avastarrayofmarinelife,hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast.”可知，大堡礁横跨澳大利亚海岸绵延数千公里，所以能够真正地从太空看到。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，世界各地的珊瑚礁为旅游业贡献了数十亿美元，为鱼类提供栖息地，养活了地球上近10亿人口。A.responsible负责的；B.profitable有益的；C.available可利用的；D.sustainable可持续的。beresponsiblefor对……负责。根据“andprovidehabitatsforfishthatfeedclosetoonebillionpeopleontheplanet,hesaid.”可知，珊瑚礁为旅游业做出数十亿美元的贡献。故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他说，人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望，即使他们在等待世界领导人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。A.suspicious可疑的；B.hesitant迟疑的；C.hopeless绝望的；D.careless粗心的。根据“evenastheywaitforworldleaderstotakemore_____stepstocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知，波克皮尔教授认为人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望。故选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他说，人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望，即使他们在等待世界领导人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。A.exclusive排外的；B.aggressive有进取心的；C.oppressive压抑的；D.excessive过分的。根据空后“tocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知，人们在等待世界领导人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。。故选B。【53题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：根据波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究人员进行的一项研究，例如在地方层面，氮污染可以通过减少化肥和污水径流来控制，氮污染会加剧退化。A.forexample例如；B.infact事实上；C.onthecontrary相反；D.inturn轮流。根据“nitrogen(氮)pollution—which______fading—canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,”可知，这里对波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究人员进行研究的举例。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究人员进行的一项研究，例如在地方层面，氮污染可以通过减少化肥和污水径流来控制，氮污染会加剧退化。A.strengthens加强；B.weakens削弱；C.worsens恶化；D.exaggerates夸大。根据“canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,”可知，氮污染会加剧退化。故选C。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不继续破坏它们，它们就会恢复。A.inherit继承；B.recover恢复；C.grow增长；D.prosper兴旺。根据“"Theotherthingthatweneedtotakeawayisthatcoralreefsareamazingresilient,"hesaid.”和“Ifwedon'tcontinuallydamagethem,”可知，珊瑚礁通过复原能力而自我恢复。故选B。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IoncehadmyChineseMBAstudentsbrainstormingon“two-hourbusinessplans.”Iseparatedthemintosixgroupsandgavethemanexample:arestaurantchain.Themoreoriginaltheirideas,thebetter,Isaid.Finally,fiveofthesixgroupspresentedplansforrestaurantchains.Thesixthproposedacateringservice.ThoughIadmittedthetimelimithadbeendifficult,Iexpressedmydisappointment.Mystudentsweremiddlemanagers,financialanalystsandfinanciersfromstate-ownedenterprisesandglobalcompanies.Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.ThesceneIjustdescribedcameindifferentformsduringmytwoyearsteachingattheschool.PaperswereoftencopiedfromtheWebandtheHarvardBusinessReview.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupandjustmemorized.Studentsfrequentlysaidthatcopyingisasuperiorbusinessstrategy,betterthaninventingandcreating.InChina,everyproductyoucanimaginehasbeenmadeandsold.Butsofewwell-developedmarketingandmanagementmindshavebeenraisedthatitwillbealongtimebeforemostpeopleintheworldcannameaChinesebrand.Withthisprobleminmind,partnershipswithinstitutionslikeYaleandMIThavebeenestablished.Andthenthere'sthe“thousandtalentscheme.”thisnewgovernmentprogramisintendedtoimprovetechnologicalmodernizationbyattractingtopforeign-trainedscientiststothemainlandwithbigmoney.ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.56.Whydoesthewriterfeeldisappointedathisstudents?A.Becausethereisonegrouppresentingacateringservice.B.Becausethesixgroupsdidnotcooperatewellinthebrainstorm.C.Becauseallthestudentscopiedacaseforthedifficulttopic.D.Becausethestudents'ideaswerelackingincreativeness.57WhichofthefollowingscenesisNOTconsideredaslackofcreation?A.PaperswereoftendownloadedfromtheInternet.B.Studentsoftensaidthatcopyingisapreferablebusinessstrategy.C.Studentscombineknowledgeandcriticalthoughtstosolveaproblem.D.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupaswellasrecited.58Wecaninferformthepassagethat________.A.Chinacanmakeandsellanyproductallovertheworldfromitsowncreation.B.highpaymaynotsolvetheproblemofChina'sresearchenvironment.C.cooperationwithinstitutionshasbeensetuptomakeaChinesebrand.D.thenewgovernmentprogramisaimedatencouragingimagination.59.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Lookforanewwayoflearning B.RewardcreativethinkingC.Howtobecomeacreator D.Establishatechnicalenvironment【答案】56.D57.C58.B59.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在一线教育工作的经验看出中国的教育制度存在的一些问题，学生不能独立思考问题做作业去网上或者其他的地方找答案，学生缺乏创造性，作者指出有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响)”可知，学生的观点缺乏创造力，对于这一点作者感到失望，故选D。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响)”可推知，C选项“学生结合知识和批判性思维来解决问题”并非缺乏创意。故选C。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.(但也有人担心中国的研究环境。它很难培养独立思考和开放的思想，即使高薪也不足以吸引你克服这一点)”可推知，高薪可能无法解决中国科研环境的问题。故选B。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.(最后，对中国来说，成为世界主要创造者不仅仅是与西方顶尖大学建立伙伴关系。也不是召集一群受过良好教育的人，告诉他们要有创造性地思考。这是关于为年轻人建立一个丰富的学习环境。事情没那么简单)”结合整篇文章指出中国教育出现的问题——学生无法创造性思维，而这个问题与中国的社会环境相关的，所以要寻找新的学习方式。故A选项“寻找新的学习方法”最符合文章标题。故选A。(B)ThingsyouneedtoknowaboutyourSTRESSrightnowAfter60yearsofresearch,scientistshavedeterminedwhatprovokesstress.There'sevenahandyacronym:NUTS.NisforNovelty:Thisissomethingnewyou'venotexperiencedbefore,likethefirstdayofschooloranewjob.UisforUnpredictability:Whenyoudon'tknowhowsomethingisgoingtotakeshape,asisthecaseduringatriptothedentist.TisforThreattotheEgo:Whenyourcompetenceisthreatened,suchasinfrontofcolleagues.We'reverysensitivetothis.SisforSenseofControl:Whenyoufeelyouhavelittleornocontroloverthesituation,likebeingstuckintraffic.It'shelpfultoidentifyyoursourcesofstress,becauseaproblemwell-definedisaproblemalmostsolved.Theoppositeofstressisnotrelaxationit'sresilience.Ifyoutellyourbrainthatyoucandealwiththis,itwillstopproducingthestresshormoneandyouwillcalmdownGetonyourbike!Asvariousbitsofresearchhaveshown,cyclingwillloweryourstresslevels,whetheryou'redoingaquickerrandorcommittingtoalifetimeontwowheels.15MINUTESLATERA2013studyoutofJapanshowedamarkeddropinpeople'sstresslevelsaftertheypedalledforjust15minutesonastationarybike.ANHOURLATERResearchersfoundin2015that,comparedtotheircyclingcolleagues,thosewhodroveortookthesubwaybreathedmoreshallowlyanhourlaterasuresignofstress.18YEARSLATERAfterfollowing17,985adultcommutersfor18years,U.K.researchersdiscoveredin2014thatthosewhowalkedorbikedreportedbeinghappier,moreconfidentandbetterabletofacetheirproblems.①____________Ina2015study,researcherssubjected66teengirlstoastresstest.Someofthemheldtheirmothers'handsduringthetest;othershadtogoitalone.Thegirlswhohadcontactwiththeirmomswereabletomanagestressmoreeffectively.It'swhatpsychologistsrefertoasemotionalloadsharing.②____________Ina2007UCLAstudy,somepatientshospitalizedforheartfailurespent12minuteswithatherapydog,whileanothergroupinteractedwithavolunteer.Thedogcrowdexperiencedgreaterdecreasesintheiranxietylevelcomparedtothosepatientswhosevisitorscouldactuallytalkback.60.__________maysufferthemoststressrelatively.A.Luna,19--shehaswellpreparedforherfirstinternshipwiththehelpofhermother.B.Tom,29-hisfirstdayofworkstartsat9:00am,buthe'sinatrafficjamat8:50am.C.Karol,39-shefinallyhadherdecayedtoothpulledoutlastThursdayatthedentist's.D.Jenny,49-hercolleaguesareplanningtogiveherafarewellpartyandshe'sinthedark.61.Whichchartcanbestillustratetheeffectofcycling?A.B.C.D.62.Whichofthefollowingmaybestsuitthenumberedblanks?A.①Raiseyourhand!②Findavolunteercompanion!B.①Raiseyourhand!②Getafurrycompanion!C①Hugyourfamily!②Getfurrycompanion!D.①Hugyourfamily!②Findavolunteercompanion!【答案】60.B61.C62