科技论文英文摘要的写作课件

科技论文的英语表达及英文摘要的写作南方医科大学学报编辑部王征爱科技论文英文摘要的写作概述意义:纵向传播;横向交流现实:付出与目的并非一致；锻炼，供人学习误人子弟难度:非易事,但非不能;3000词汇;基本语感;英语思维要点:(1)内容的完整性;(2)数据跟文中/中文是否一致;(3)内容可以不跟中文全对应,应比中文更详细;(4)主谓一致:常识,但错误不少见;(5)时态:简单,但有时也很难掌握;(6)语态:有讲究,但基本不限;(7)人称:可一可三;(8)词法:重点;(9)语法:基本;(10)句法:转换科技论文英文摘要的写作

七绝·终审之一洋洋洒洒二十万①，字字句句过我筛②。正体斜体需审定，大写小写亦仲裁。之二常遇新语需释义①，遍翻辞书哪有迹②？光盘检索千百次③，头脑析分定无歧④！出差今日去北京，明天返广州，虽只住一晚，电脑也同路。成都会议蓉城十月是金秋①，百万客房一无留②，车水马龙奔九寨③，孤家寡人回广州④。科技论文英文摘要的写作

蝶恋花·三亚行伫立危楼阳光媚。鹤落鹤飞，银羽熠熠辉。人说海南山水美，天涯海角游人醉。今到三亚赴一会。扬我学报，风景又何味？会后旧朋结新友，足不出屋也无悔。

垂钓忙里偷闲应郊游，临置渔具钓花都。人在池旁心系刊，一叠文稿不离手。

七律•周日加班有感鞠躬尽瘁创品牌，不在本土在海外。寒暑有假不曾度，昼夜各吃一中餐。周日伏案逾八时，累极背项疼难耐。摇头晃脑再一程，有怨无悔图心安。科技论文英文摘要的写作

国庆长假赋

长假又七天，人皆议景点；友人频来电，问可来游园？“学报十期在编，写作课次层迭，保先自评三千，交稿近在眼前。”科技日新月异，新语屡见不鲜，英文修改何其难，长词短句须慎选。终日埋头电脑前，常为一词觅三天。鼠标手，职业颈，荧屏眼。蚁影游动，字里行间，困睡沙发，饥餐素面。一旦模棱定一可，喝口凉水嘴也甜。诸君疑问何所求？我为名刊当总编！（虽苦尤荣，乐在其中）

2005－10－06科技论文英文摘要的写作网址：邮箱：xbbjPubMed:

科技论文英文摘要的写作提纲1.摘要的类型2.英文摘要与中文摘要的区别3.摘要常用词和句型4.摘要的语态和人称5.摘要的时态6.摘要常用表达和几个/组高频词辨析7.虚词的用法8.副词的用法9.关于Chinglish10.修辞11.分词、合成词有关问题12.名词的特殊用法及名词的数科技论文英文摘要的写作1、摘要的类型1.1评论性摘要(Criticalabstract)1.2说明性摘要(Descriptiveabstract)1.3资料性摘要(Informativeabstract)1.4资料-指示性摘要(Informative-indicativeabstract)1.5结构式摘要(Structuredabstract)科技论文英文摘要的写作1.1评论性摘要不常用,可见于综述,内容上侧重于评价/论理.ABSTRACT:Acutetubulointerstitialnephritis(ATIN)isacommondisordercharacterizedbyaspectrumofclinicalmanifestationsrangingfromasymptomaticurinaryabnormalitiestoacuteoliguricrenalfailure.Tubulardysfunctionoutofproportiontothedegreeofrenalfailureisanimportantcluetothediagnosis.Thisreviewdescribesitspathogenesis,pathophysiology,diagnosis,differentialdiagnosisandtherapy,emphasizingthedrug-inducedformofATIN.

科技论文英文摘要的写作1.2说明性摘要又称指示性或通报性摘要(Indicativeabstract)：说明文章的内容范围，只是简单地报道研究主题，泛泛而谈，不涉及具体内容。一般只一到三句话，多见于临床医学论文。

ExampleThesurvivalratesofaseriesofpatientswithunstableanginatreatedsurgicallyandmedicallyarecompared.科技论文英文摘要的写作1.3资料性摘要:详细、具体，重要观点和数据Postoperativebleedingisusuallyattributedtostressulcer;however,occultpreoperativelesionscouldalsoberesponsible(背景).Todeterminetheirfrequencyandnature,weprospectivelyexamined72patients(目的)endoscopicallypriortomajorelectiveoperations.EntrycriteriaincludedaplannedstayintheSurgicalIntensiveCareUnit,>2days,andanegativehistory,physicalexamination,andstoolguaiac(愈伤木脂，一种检便潜血试剂).Gastricandduodenalmucosaewerescoredseparately,usinga0-to7-pointscale.Scoresweregradednegative(0),hyperemia(1),gastroduodenitis(2-5),mucosalerosions(6),andulcers(7)(方法).Erosionsorulcerswerefoundin14%ofpatientsandgastroduodenitisisanadditional10%.Wefoundthatnoneofthe27riskfactorsoranycombinationoffactorstestedcorrelatedwithulcers,erosoins,orgastroduodenitis(结果).Thus,patientswithasymptomaticgastroduodenalerosionsorulcerationscouldnotbeidentifiedpreoperatively,exceptbyendoscopy(结论).Untilthesignificanceoftheselesionsascauseofpostoperativebleedingisdetermined,werecommendedroutinepostoperativegastricpHtitrationwithantacidsforpatientsundergoingmajorelectiveoperations(建议).科技论文英文摘要的写作1.4资料-指示性摘要:内容更完整,多了一条提示Therelationshipbetweendepression（抑郁症）andstressors（应激）andtherelationshipbetweendepressioninchildrenanddepressionintheirparentswereinvestigated.

（概括或提示性语言）Depressedchildrenaged7-11years(n=20)werecomparedwithclinicalnon-depressedchildren(n=88)andnormalchildren(n=55).Children,mothersandfathersinthethreegroupsweretested.MeasuresincludedtheChildren'sDepressionInventory,RecentLifeEventsScale,StressorScaleandBeckDepressionInventory.Thefindingsshowedthatchildrenandmothersinthedepressedgroupreportedmorestressorsthanotherchildrenandothermotherswhilefathersofchildreninthedepressedgroupdidnotreportmorestressors.Thefindingsalsoshowedthatmothersofdepressedchildrenweremoredepressedthanmothersofnormalchildrenwhiletherewerenodifferencesbetweenthescoresoffathersinthethreegroups.科技论文英文摘要的写作1.5结构式摘要(structuredabstract)BACKGROUND:Hypothyroidismisacommonconditionthatisfrequentlyirreversibleandrequireslifelongthyroidreplacementtherapy.OBJECTIVE:ToassesstheincidenceandfactorsthatcanpredictreversibilityofhypothyroidismcausedbyHashimoto'sthyroiditis.METHODS:Westudied79patientsinwhomHashimoto'sthyroiditiswasdiagnosedaccordingtosuggestivecytologicfeaturesand/orthepresenceofthyroidantibodies(antimicrosomalantibodytiter,>or=1:1600;antiglobulinantibodytiter,>or=1:400)….RESULTS:Afterwithdrawaloflevothyroxinetreatment,thyroidbloodtestsshowedthatthedegreeofhypothyroidismworsenedin20patients,remainedunchangedin40,andimprovedin19.Ninepatients(11.4%)didshownormalizationofthethyroidbloodtest....CONCLUSIONS:OurresultsconfirmthathypothyroidismcausedbyHashimoto'sthyroiditisisnotalwayspermanent.Thepresenceofalargergoiterandhighthyrotropinlevelsatthetimeofdiagnosis,associatedwithafamilialincidenceofthyroiddisease,mayberelatedtoanincreasedincidenceofhypothyroidismremission.科技论文英文摘要的写作2、英文摘要与中文摘要的区别

2．1独立摘要和随文摘要2．2

内容的详简度内外有别科技论文英文摘要的写作2．1独立摘要和随文摘要

独立摘要指用于检索性刊物如ExceptaMedica、IndexMedicus、ChemicalAbstracts、BiologicalAbstracts、EngineeringIndex等及大型国际会议的论文摘要汇编，此外还有一些文摘杂志。

随文摘要指一般期刊内与正文同存的摘要。

科技论文英文摘要的写作2．2内容的详简度内外有别中文摘要详细介绍国外经验；英文摘要重点描述国内特色；总的来说英文摘要应比中文摘要更全面反映全文主旨。科技论文英文摘要的写作3、摘要常用词和句型3．1表达目的的常用词和句型或结构3．2表达方法的句型3．3表达结果的句型3．4表达结论的句型

科技论文英文摘要的写作3．1表达目的的常用词和句型或结构

3.1.1摘要中表示“目的”常用词的用法3.1.1.1

用于表示“目的”的常用名词（字顺）①Aim

A.名词用法

B.动词用法②AttemptA.名词用法

B.动词用法科技论文英文摘要的写作

A名词用法

Theaimofthisinvestigation/study/thepresentstudywasto....Ouraimisto....

determinewhetheraclinicallyrelevantpositiveinotropiceffect（增强收缩力作用）canbedemonstratedinhumans.

establishanobjective,easy-to-usetechniquetoevaluate….

Theaimsofthisstudywere:1)to...；and2)to....科技论文英文摘要的写作B动词用法

a.主动态后接动词不定式

Thisstudyaimedto.…/Weaimedto.…/Thisstudyaimsto.…b.主动态后接介词at＋动名词

Thisresearchaimedatidentifying....

c.被动态后接介词at＋动名词

Thisstudywasaimedatdocument-ing....

科技论文英文摘要的写作②Attempt

A名词用法

Anattemptwasmadeto..../Anattempthasbeenmadeto..../Anattemptwasundertakento.…

Thepresentstudyisanattempttoreplicateearlierevidencethat....

Forthisreason,anattemptwasundertakenfor....尝试干….

科技论文英文摘要的写作Inanattempttoextendthisfinding,threeexperimentswereconducted....

Inafirstattempttoelucidateitsfunction,weexamined....

B动词用法Inthisstudyweattemptto....Theauthorsattempttoevaluatethedegree....

科技论文英文摘要的写作

③Goal

Amajorgoalispreventionofacceleration-inducedlossofcon-sciousness.

Thegoalofthisinvestigationwasto....

Goal一词的含义、用法及其句式跟名词aim完全一样，例句从略。

科技论文英文摘要的写作④Intend想要，旨在(人作主语用主动态，事物作主语用被动态)

Thisreport/paperisintendedto.…Inbriefthearticleisintendedto.…Thisthree-groupdesign/Thisstudywasintendedto....Inthisstudy,weintendedtotestthehypothesisthat,....Itisintendedtoremindthereader….科技论文英文摘要的写作⑤Intent意图，目的(不太常用)

Theintentofthestudywasto....⑥Objective（常用作标题或项目词）

Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluate…

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusion(s)科技论文英文摘要的写作⑦Purpose

Purpose的用法同aim，不复举例。

但在forthepurpose(of)这一固定结构中，一般不用aim替换其中的purpose。如：...isdescribedforthepurposeof...科技论文英文摘要的写作3.1.1.2目的句中的常用动词(多用被动态)①Carryout执行

Theretrospectivestudy/Anexperimentalstudy/Aninvestigationwascarriedout

toevaluate....Wecarriedoutthisstudytodetermine....②Conduct

引导，实施，进行

A(...)study/survey/Anexperimentwasconductedtoevaluate/establish/investigate....科技论文英文摘要的写作③Perform执行vt;进行viThisstudywasperformedtodetermine....④Undertake

从事，着手做

Humanstudieshavebeenundertakentotestthisthesis.⑤Design设计

Thisstudy/Thepresentstudy/Ourstudywasdesignedto....Wealsodesignedaninvitrostudyto....科技论文英文摘要的写作⑥Develop研制，创立

…method(s)...was/weredevelopedto(动词不定式)/for(名词或动名词)....Anon-linethermosprayliquidchromatography/massspectrometrymethodwasdeveloped

to....Twomethodsweredevelopedtodisplace….

Wehavealsodevelopedmethodsfortheanalysisof....Formulation/drug/strategy/protocol/recipe

科技论文英文摘要的写作3.1.2结构式摘要中表示目的常见不定式结构ToanalyzewhetherpatientswithRAhaveanintrinsicdefect（先天性缺陷）inTcellproliferationandsurvival,....为了分析….Toascertain/assess/characterize/clarify/compare/construct/describe/determine/distinguish/elaborate/elucidate/establish/estimate/evaluate/examine/explore/expose/help/identify/investigate/isolate/provide/report/study/test/understandTovalidatecriteriapredicting….为了验证预测….的标准科技论文英文摘要的写作3.2表达方法的句型3.2.1using/byusing分句+主动态主句

Usingarabbitmodelofpneumococcalmeningitis,wecompared...and....3.2.2using/byusing分句+被动态主句

Byusingamultivariateriskalgorithm,56.5%ofDownsyndromecasescouldbedetectedwitha5.3%false-positiverate.科技论文英文摘要的写作3.2.3被动态＋using/byusing/by/with引出的状语ThediagnoseswereestablishedusingAmericanCollegeofRheumatology

criteria.Themechanismof...wasstudiedbyusingasetof....PCRproductsweredetectedbygelelectrophoresisanddot-blothybridization.Inthisprospectivestudy,142patientswithearlyRAweretreatedactivelywith....科技论文英文摘要的写作3.2.4叙述方法最常涉及的几个动词(carryout、conduct、perform、do、make、develop;receive、undergo;had等)及其句型Hyperthermiawascarriedoutusinganovelwater-filtered,infrared-Aradiationtechnique.Aprospectivestudywasdonein76subjectswhounderwent....Clinicalevaluationsweremadeonthe14patientsincluding4withpharyngitis,7withtonsillitis,.…科技论文英文摘要的写作Allpatientsreceivedsatisfactoryanesthesiaforoperation....patientsunderwentoperationsandtherewerenooperativedeaths.Amongthe62survivors,18hadanotheroperation.科技论文英文摘要的写作3.2.5表达分组的句型…be(randomly)divided/allocated/assignedcategorized/classified/grouped/separated(in)to...groups....berandomizedinto....groups...be(randomly)…into...groups,basedon...Thegroupswereasfollows….(例句见《第一军医大学学报》2002，11：669－70)科技论文英文摘要的写作3．2．6有关各种检查的句型

Bloodsugar（项目）wasexamined

in50patients（对象）.Fiftypatients（对象）wereexamined

forbloodsugar…（项目）by（手段）at2and24hafteradmission.写“检查”句的时候，注意for的用法：检查病人的x可以说：Thex（对象）wasexaminedby….也可以说：Thepatientwasexaminedforx

（项目）by….科技论文英文摘要的写作3．2．6有关各种检查的句型

Eachtoothwassectionedandexaminedfordyepenetrationunderastereomicro-scope(x60magnification).注意在描述用显微镜观察或检查什么的时候，很多人常常用错microscope和microscopy这两个词。正确的用法是：undermicroscope或bymicroscopy/withmicroscope。

科技论文英文摘要的写作3.3表达结果的句型3．3．1叙述观察或发现了什么（1）主动态句：Wefound(observed,noted,saw,recorded...)that...（2）被动态句：Itwasfound(observed,noted,seen,recorded...)that.…

科技论文英文摘要的写作3．3．2量的

或

泛言

或

Theprevalenceincreasedwithage.//CyclicAMPlevelswereincreasedbyNECA.Estrogenreplacementtherapyreducedexcretionofzinc,.......levelsrapidlydeclinedinHL-60cellsfollowinginductionofapoptosisby…,butweretransientlyelevatedbytwootherapoptosis-inducingagents....levelsof…greatlydeclinedwithasubsequentincreaseintheconcentrationof....科技论文英文摘要的写作(2)

或

了多少

一般地说，应该用by引出实际增加或减少的数目：

Cellnumberincreasedbyalmost50%duringthefirst24-hafterthebeginningoftreatment.

Zincexcretiondecreased(by)35%after3monthsand26%after1yearoftreatment.

3．3．2量的

或

科技论文英文摘要的写作

(3)从多少

或

到多少

Urinemaximumflowrateandaverageflowrateincreasedsignificantlyfrom...to...andfrom...to...,respectively.Residualurinevolumedecreasedsignificantlyfrom...tolessthan....By60minofreperfusion,levelsof6-ketowerereducedtothoseintheIVC.3．3．2量的

或

科技论文英文摘要的写作(4)跟B相比，A

或

了

Healingtimesofthedonorsitesweresignificantlydecreased(as)comparedwithpatients.......showedasignificantincrease

incomparisonwithpreviousdeterminations.

3．3．2量的

或

科技论文英文摘要的写作

Therewasa/an...association

of

A

with

B/between

AandB.//...didnotdemonstratean

associationofA

withB.//...suggestthatAappearstohaveno

association

withB.//A...associationwasobserved*between

AandB.//Associations

between

A

and

Bwereassessedwith....

Awasassociated

withB.

同、与、跟：…ofAwithB；之间：betweenAandB.3．3．3表示关系的句型

科技论文英文摘要的写作A...correlationwasfound*forA

andB/between

A

andB.//No(statisticallysignificant)correlationwasfound*between

A

and

B.//Therewasa(no)...correlation

betweenA

andB/amongthefour....//Correlation

betweenconcentrationsinA

andB

serumwaspoor

....//Correlationswerehighest

betweenmeasureswithsimilarresponseformats.3．3．3表示关系的句型

科技论文英文摘要的写作

Acorrelated(well**)withB.//Abe...**correlated

with

B.//

Abenotcorrelatedto

B.A

didnot

correlatewith

B.//A...**correlates

with

B.Inaddition,therewasasignificantrelationbetween

A

and

B.

跟relation搭配的介词用to、with、between…and，如：

Intralymphocyticsodiumandfreecalciumconcentrationsinrelation

tosaltsensitivityinpatientswithessentialhypertension.3．3．3表示关系的句型

科技论文英文摘要的写作

AmorelikelytoberelatedtoB.//Amaybe...**relatedto

B....//Awerenotrelated

to

B.Therelationship

betweenA

and

Bhasbeenwellestablishedinhistopathologicalstudies.//Norelationshipwasnoted*between

A

and

B.//Regressionanalysisshowednorelationship

betweenA

and

B.//Incontrast,therewerehighlysignificantrelationships

between

A

and

B.*found或noted可与seen、observed、obtained互换；**此处副词可以据意使用closely、directly、highly、positively、negatively、inversely、roughly、significantly或strongly之类词。3．3．3表示关系的句型

科技论文英文摘要的写作

3．3．4．1

相同比较用as...as...等表示

Infact,forallhealthresourcescategoriesstudies,CanadiansutilizedatleastasmanyservicesastheirAmericancounterparts.

A与B和C两者的关系怎么表达?

TherelationshipbetweenAandbothBandC

3．3．4表示比较的句型科技论文英文摘要的写作

3．3．4．2不同比较①tobe+比较级+than，如：Generally,menarehigherthanwomen.②动词＋比较级＋than，如：AsecretedandexpressedhigheramountsthandidB.③比较级＋comparedwith，如：AwaslowerinOAchondrocytes(as)comparedwithB.④Incomparisonwith…，＋含“比较级”的主句，如：

Incomparisonwith

B,Aoccurredearlier,butdisplayedaclearlylowermagnitudeofexpression.

⑤Themore…themore

越是…就越…3．3．4表示比较的句型科技论文英文摘要的写作⑤Themore…themore

越是…就越…1）省略2）词序3）语序4）翻译3．3．4表示比较的句型科技论文英文摘要的写作1）省略（1）从句中某些成分（谓语），如：

Thewarmerwater(is),thefasteritevaporates.水越热，蒸发越快。Thesmallertheparticles(are),themorefreelydotheymove.粒子越小，运动越自由。（do为倒装助动词）（2）主、从句中主语、谓语全部省略，如：

Themore,thebetter.多多益善。

Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。科技论文英文摘要的写作2）词序（1）倒装词序：The+比较级(从句)，the+比较级（主句）从句在前，主句在后，主从句的比较级都在谓语之前，并且不能把more和后面的形容词、副词及名词分开：

Themoreheworkedonthearithmeticproblem,themoreconfusedhebecame.

这道算术题他越做越糊涂。科技论文英文摘要的写作（2）正常词序+比较级（主句），the+比较级＋被比较成分或从句主句在前，从句在后，主句的比较级在谓语之后：

Thereforeacompoundisconsideredthemorestable,thesmalleritspotentialenergy.

因此势能越小，化合物就被认为越稳定。科技论文英文摘要的写作3）语序大多数情况是前者为从属分句（相当于程度状语分句），后者为主句：

AccordingtoKeynes,thegreaterthetotalincomeofanationis,theless(the)peoplewanttoinvest,becauseitisnotprofitabletoinvestwhenproductionishighlydeveloped.

结论是：主句若用正常语序，则前置；换言之，若主句前置，则主句为常序。科技论文英文摘要的写作4）翻译英译汉，先从后主，即“顺句倒译，倒句顺译”；汉译英，正序翻译主句在前，倒序翻译主句在后。

notso...as[不如(或没有)…那样]，notas...as(和...不一样)不多见。提法不一手27/指南88

TheincidenceofacuteDVisnotascommonamongwomenvisitinganEDaspreviouslyreported,althoughthecumulativeprevalenceofDVisstrikinglyhigh.

科技论文英文摘要的写作就是多用了指示代词that或those，如：

SDHactivityofcochleawasloweringroupAthan(that)ingroupB.比较状语（找不到这个that所替代的对象）把that去掉就对了。要用that的结构应该是：

SDHactivityofcochleaingroupAwaslowerthanthatingroupB.比较主语

（这个that替代的是画线部分）就如：个子你比我（的×）高；你的个子比我的个子高。3．3．4．3比较级句中一个最常见的错误科技论文英文摘要的写作3．4表达结论的句型3．4．1由结果引出结论

3．4．1．1句型结构

The/These/Ourresult(s)/finding(s)/study(ies)/data/observation/analysis...(主语)show(s)/showed

/suggest(s/ed)/confirm(s/ed)

/indicate(s/d)/demonstrate(s/d)support(s/ed)accord(s/ed)with/agree(s/d)wellwith/illustrate(s/d)/provide(s/d)evidence/point(s/ed)out/reveal(s/ed)...(谓语)that(宾语从句)....科技论文英文摘要的写作

show(s)/showedsuggest(s)/-edconfirm(s)/-edresultsindicate(s)/-dfindingsdemonstrate(s)/-dThe/Our→study/iessupport(s)/-ed→thatdataaccord(s)/-edwithobservationagree(s)/-dwellwithanalysisillustrate(s)/-dprovide(s)/-devidencepoint(s)/-edout

reveal(s)/-ed

科技论文英文摘要的写作3．4．1．2例句Results/OurdataindicatethatICVAdenocardamelioratestheophylline-inducedseizures.ThisstudysuggeststhatIVIgcanamelioratethesymptomsandimprovethefunctionalcapabilityofRApatients.Thesedata/OurresultssuggestthatglucoregulationinpatientswithVHdoesnotdifferfromthatinmatchedcontrols.Theresults/Thesefindingssupportthehypothesisthatplasmakallikreinispresentinsynovialfluid.Thisstudyconfirmsthat....科技论文英文摘要的写作3．4．2直接表达结论的句型

(1)Itbeconcludedthat...

(2)Inconclusion,...

(3)The/Ourconclusion(s)(of...)is/arethat....

(4)We/they/Theauthor(s)concludedthat....

3．4．3在conclusion的标题后直接描述科技论文英文摘要的写作

Itisconcludedthattheantiplateletactionofgingerolismainlyduetotheinhibitionofthromboxaneformation.

Itwasconcludedthatflumazenil10micrograms•kg-1doesnotinfluencerecoveryfrompropofolanesthesia.Onthebasisoftheobtainedresultsithasbeenconcludedthat….

（得出的）结论是；可以下这样的结论；已经得出结论科技论文英文摘要的写作

Inconclusion,

wethinkthattheleukemictransformationmighthavebeendevelopedinthenaturalcourseofessentialthrombocy-themiainthepresentcase.However,wecannotexclude....

最后；总之；综上所述

科技论文英文摘要的写作

Theconclusionwasthat….Ourprincipalconclusionisthat….

结论是；我们的结论是科技论文英文摘要的写作

Weconcludedthat

Theyconcludedthat

(1)….;(2)….;....

Theauthorsconcludedthat….

…下的结论是科技论文英文摘要的写作4、摘要的语态和人称4．1语态和人称的选用原则

一般地讲：（1）尽量采用主动态，因为主动态有助于文字的清晰、简洁及有力的表达；

（2）强调动作承受者，要采用被动语态；

（3）除非采用第一人称可避免语句结构繁琐、累赘从而更易于理解，一般应采用第三人称。

4．2语态和人称的具体应用科技论文英文摘要的写作4．2．1第三人称(动作承受者)+被动态4．2．2第一人称＋主动态（1）在摘要或全文的开头部分，可以用第一人称主动态介绍论文内容（2）在摘要或正文的方法和结果部分，常见第三人称主动态句（3）在正文的方法部分，只要有利于文字的清晰和句子的简练，也用第一人称表达（4）在摘要或论文的结尾部分，可用第一人称主动态陈述作者的结论4．2语态和人称的具体应用科技论文英文摘要的写作第三人称同被动语态几乎是密不可分的，因此，大多数情况用第三人称＋被动态，如:Aquantitativereversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreactiontechnique(RT-PCR)wasused

tomeasurethetype1IGFRmRNAlevel,andNorthernblottingwasusedtomeasuretype2IGFRandIGFBPmRNAlevels.Micewereinoculatedintravenouslywith1×107colony-formingunitsof....Synovialtissuesandspleenswereobtainedatvaryingtimeintervalsafterbacterialinoculation,and(were)examinedformRNAexpressionof...byaninsituhybridizationtechnique.科技论文英文摘要的写作Wereport/studied/investigated/analyzed/treated.…

但更多见的是第三人称的主动态，如Theauthor(s)report(s)that...，或被动态：Itisreportedthat....

注意目的句的语态！不定式目的状语放在句首时，一般用主动态：Inordertocharacterizethisunusualentity,wereportourexperienceinsevenpatientswiththyroidhemiagenesisinvolvingtheleftlobeinfiveandtherightlobeintwopatients.

后置时，大多用被动态：Westernimmunoblottingwasusedtoidentify…and(此处省略不定式to)measureIGFBPlevels.(此例中的不定式可以用介词for

-ing取代)科技论文英文摘要的写作

ToexaminethepotentialcooperationbetweenPARandinflammatorystimuli,weinvestigatedtheeffectsof…onendothelialcells.PAR:perennialallergicrhinitis

状语句首，主动态，如果把目的状语后置，则句式宜改为被动态：

Theeffectof…on…wasinvestigatedtoexaminethepotentialcooperationbetween….

科技论文英文摘要的写作Occupationwasdeterminedinthefollowingmanner:ifthepatientwassingle,divorced,separated,orwindowedatthetimeofthestudy,wescoredher/hispresentoccupation.Ifapatientwasmarriedatthetimeofthestudy,weusedtheoccupationofthespousewiththehigheroccupationalscore.Ifapatientwaslivingwithher/hisparents,wescoredtheparents'occupations.Ifapatient,spouse,orparentwasneveremployed,weassignedanoccupationalscoreof0tothatperson.科技论文英文摘要的写作

医学论文中第三人称主动态句也不少见，如：

Resultsindicatethat….

Thisstudysuggeststhat….

Thesedatasuggestthat….

Thisstudyassessed....4．3第三人称+主动态

科技论文英文摘要的写作5、摘要的时态5．1时态概述5．2几个常用动词不同时态的意义科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述表示研究目的用一般过去时，而表示本文目的则用一般现在时，前者是指着手研究前确定的研究目的、行为或状态已成过去；后者是指介绍本文的中心意图。

Thepurposeofthisarticle

istodiscuss....

Thepurposeofthisstudy

was

totestthesafetyandeffectivenessof....科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述摘要或正文的方法部分叙述的内容都是实验或研究过程中发生的事，因而都用一般过去时态。如：

Inthisprospectivestudy,142patientswithearlyRAweretreatedactivelywithslow-actingantirheumaticdrugsforanaverageof6.2years,andwerecloselymonitoredclinically.Severaloutcomemeasureswereapplied,andtheresultswerecomparedwithfindingsinpreviouslydescribedcohorts.科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述

OligonucleotideprimersweredevelopedfornestedPCRbasedonChlamydia,Urea-plasma,andNeisseriaDNAsequences.科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述Weconfirm/foundthatthelevelofplasmaobeseproteinintheNIDDMpatientsis/wassignificantlylowerthanthatofthenormalsubjectsandtheobesitypatients,andis/wascloselycorrelatedtothesymptomofpolyphagia.ThesefindingssuggestthattheobeseproteiniscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofNIDDM.

过去式只反映当时情况；现在时表示具有真理性，很确定，可用作参照标准。科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述结论是作者对所得结果的评语，是写文章当时(既不是过去也不是将来)的观点，而且科学的结论往往具有普遍真理的性质。因此，写一般结论时，谓语动词多用一般现在时。（e.g.next）

科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述Inconclusion,patientsinfectedwithinfluenzaAsubtypeH5NIareatriskofmajorcomplications,especiallysevereprimaryviralpneumonia.Patientslikelytohaveacomplicatedoradversecourseofdiseasearethoseabovetheageof5years,thosewithdelayedadmissiontohospital,thosewithleucopenia,lymphopenia,orraisedhepaticparenchymalenzymes.Rapidviraldiagnosisisfeasibleandusefulinclinicalmanagement.（结论现在时例）科技论文英文摘要的写作5．1时态概述

值得指出的是，用结果来引出结论的句子，其谓语用什么时态，要视下面两种情况定（1）前面不叙述具体结果，只是告诉读者从研究或测得的结果里，能得出什么结论，主句的谓语动词要用过去时态。Epidemiologicalevidenceandthefindingsofthisstudysuggestedthattherespiratorytractistheprimetargetorganinthesuddeninfantsyndrome.科技论文英文摘要的写作OneRCTstudyindicatedbetterresponseinpatientswithvasculardementiacomparedtoAlzheimer‘sdisease.(阿尔次海默病)

RCT=randomizedclinicaltrial

科技论文英文摘要的写作（2）前面介绍了具体结果，接着说“这些结果表明/提示、揭示……”，主句的谓语就得用一般现在时。Thenonselectiveadenosinereceptoragonist5‘-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine(NECA)decreasedcollagenaseproductionbyIL-1-stimulatedsynoviocytesfrom196±28ng/ml(mean±SEM)to66±9ng/ml(P<0.001).(未完，接下张）科技论文英文摘要的写作Therewasminimaleffectonstromelysinproduction(decreasefrom107±16ng/mlto97±15ng/ml).SelectiveadenosinereceptoragonistsimplicatedtheA2badenosinereceptorinthisactivity,and….CyclicAMPlevelswereincreasedbyNECA,andadirectadenylatecyclaseactivator(forskolin)alsosuppressedcollagenasegeneexpression.Thesedatasuggest

thatcAMPmediat