2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时作业23UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructures含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT4NaturaldisastersⅠ.阅读理解Earthquakeshappenwithoutwarning(前兆).Theycanhappenanytimeofaday,atanypointduringtheyear.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.Ifyouareoutside,stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines(输电线)．Stayunderadesk,table,orotherstrongfurniture.Holdontoit.Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Keepawayfromwindows,picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding,andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou.Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake,notbytheshakingitself.Alsokeepawayfromafire.Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfonthefire.Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens,stopthecarifit'ssafe.Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops,anddon'tdrivenearbridges.Trynottostopbypowerlinesortrees.Thesecouldfallandhurtyou.本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和爱护好自己几方面的讲解，使我们了解和提高了平安防范意识。1．Mostearthquakesaretoo________tohurtpeople.A．strong B．weakC．dangerous D．heavy答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段第三句Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.可知大多数地震都很“微弱”，故答案选B。2．Fromthepassage，whenanearthquakeishappening，weshould________.A．Stayunderabigbuilding B．StayunderastrongfurnitureC．Standbywindows D．drivenearabigbridge答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句Stayunderadesk，table，orotherstrongfurniture.可知地震发生时我们应当躲在桌子、椅子或其他牢固的家具下，所以答案选B。3．Itisn'tsafeforyouto________whiletheearthquakeishappening.A．runoutofthebuilding B．stayinacornerofthebuildingC．coveryourheadwithyourarmsD．coveryourmouthwithatowel答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.以及第三段最终一句Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.可知地震期间不要出去会更平安一些，故答案选A。4．Thispassagetellsus________.A．howdangeroustheearthquakeisB．howtobesafeinanearthquakeC．weshouldn'tbeafraidoftheearthquakeD．howtheearthquakecomesintobeing答案：B解析：主旨大意题。依据第一段最终一句However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.以及下文每一段的第一句可知本文讲的是地震来了如何爱护自己，故答案选B。Ⅱ.七选五TheScienceofEarthquakes__1__Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(构造板块).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?__2__Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地壳).Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.__3__Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth'ssurface,theyshaketheground.__4__ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.__5__Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.A．Howareearthquakesrecorded?B．Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.C．Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.D．Whatisanearthquake?E．Theearthhasfourmainlayers(层)．F．Canscientistspredictearthquakes?G．ScientistscantellwhereanearthquaketookplacebystudyingthePandSwaves.本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了关于地震的一些学问。1．D解析：由“Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(构造板块).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.”可知，地球表面被分成不同的部分。这些被称为板块。当两个板块突然擦肩而过时，就会发生地震。这振动了地面和上面的一切事物。所以本段在向读者说明地震是什么也就是小题1本段标题的内容。故D选项“地震是什么”符合句意。故D选项正确。2．E解析：由“Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地壳)”可知，它们是内核、外核、地幔和地壳。所以小题2要总说“地球有四个主要层”。故E选项“地球有四个主要层”符合句意。故E选项正确。3．B解析：由“Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck”可知，这些碎片总是四处移动，相互碰撞。有时它们的边缘会卡在一起。当这种状况发生的时候，剩下的板块接着移动。最终边缘会松脱。所以以上这些都在说明小题3所要总结性表达的内容——那就是地震发生的时候。故B选项“那就是地震发生的时候”符合句意。故B选项正确。4．C解析：由“ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.”可知，纵波挤压并拉伸地球。横波上下摇动地球。所以小题4要总说“地震波有不同的类型”，然后再详细说明。故C选项“地震波有不同的类型”符合句意。故C选项正确。5．A解析：由“Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.”可知，科学家运用特别工具记录和测量地震。这些工具被称为地震仪。地震仪的记录告知科学家地震发生的时间和地点。它们还可以告知科学家地震的强弱。所以本段主要在探讨地震是如何被记录的也就是小题5本段的标题的内容。故A选项“地震是如何被记录的”符合句意。故A选项正确。Ⅲ.语法填空Myfamilyhaslivedinonebigcityafteranotherbecauseofmydad'sjob.IlovelivinginthecitybecauseIcanfindopportunitiesforculture,__1__(educate),andentertainment.Now,IliveinLondon.__2__myfreetime,Icanvisitthemuseums,thezoo,cinemaandcommunitycenters.Icanalsoreadgoodbooksinpublic__3__(library)andbookshops.Besides,Icanvisitlovelyandpeacefulparks__4__(relax)myself.However,somepeoplewholiveinthecountrydon'tliketoliveinthecitybecausetheyfeelstressful,noisyand__5__(crowd)．Ialsolikelivinginthecountry.Icanfeedcows,goatsandchickens,andevenlearntoride__6__horse.Icanalsogoonnaturewalks,andexploreforests,cavesandbeaches.However,somecitypeoplethinkcountrylifeislonelybecausetheythinkthey__7__(cut)offfromtheoutsideworld.Theyarealsomorelikelytobelonelywhen__8__(live)inabigcity.Soitishardtodecide__9__citylifeisbetterthancountrylifeornot.__10__(actual),it'snotwhereyoulivebuthowyoulivethatdecidesyourhappylife.本文是一篇争论文。文章作者通过讲解并描述自己在城市和乡村的生活经验，说明白这样一个道理——事实上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，确定你的华蜜生活。1．education解析：考查名词。句意：我喜爱生活在城市，因为我可以获得文化、教化和消遣的机会。介词for之后，用名词，所以填education。2．In/During解析：考查介词。句意：在我的空闲时间，我