江苏省高邮市第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期教学质量检测（二）英语试题

…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页江苏省高邮市第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期教学质量检测（二）英语试题试卷副标题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx题号一二三四五六总分得分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）请点击修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、完形填空TheNobelPrizeisconsideredoneofthemostrecognizableandadmirableawardspossible___1___peopleoftheworldfortheiroutstandingachievementsindifferentfields.AlfredNobelwasbornin1833toafamilyofengineersin.Sweden.In1850,hemetAscanioSobrero,theinventorofnitroglycerin(硝酸甘油)inParis.Interestedinitsirregular___2___ofexplodingunderpressureorheat,Nobelstartedtofindawaytocontrolitandmakea___3___explosive(爆炸物).Afteryearsof___4___,in1867,theageof34,Nobelinventeddynamite(炸药),whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.Duringhislifetime,Nobelinventedandpatentedvariousexplosives.He___5___hiswealthfromhis355inventions,amongwhichdynamitewasthemostimportant.WhenAlfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedin1888,aFrenchnewspaper___6___publishedAlfred’sobituary(讣告).Readinghisownobituary,

Nobelwas___7___tofindouthispublicimage.Thennewspaperstrongly___8___Nobelforinventingdynamite,givinghimthenicknameof“themerchantofdeath”andsaying“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame___9___byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”ToAlfred,thisobituarywasa(n)____10____.Hespenthislifetimealone____11____thingsandwasdeeplyconcernedwithhowhewouldberemembered.Thisunfortunateeventinspiredhimtomakechangesinhiswill.soasto____12____hispublicimage,andtoberememberedforagoodcause.In1895,oneyearbeforehisdeath,Nobelmadethelast____13____,sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreat____14____tomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.Towidespreadastonishment,Dr.AlfredNobel____15____94%ofhistotalwealthtofoundthefiveNobelPrizes.1．A．.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating2．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association5．A．broughtup B．putup C．brokeup D．builtup6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically7．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed8．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence11．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions15．A．gaveaway B．gaveback C．gaveoff D．gaveout第II卷（非选择题）请点击修改第II卷的文字说明评卷人得分二、阅读理解UnitedWorldColleges(UWC)isaglobaleducationmovement.UWCconsistsof18internationalschoolsandcollegesonfourcontinents.Allofthemprovideatwo-yearpre-universityeducationforstudentsagedbetween13and19.TheacademiccurriculuminthesefinaltwoyearsofsecondaryschoolistheIBDP.Therearetwomainwaysthatyoucanapplytojointheprogram:■ThroughtheUWCnationalcommitteeinyoucountryofresidence(居住)orcitizenship.Thenationalcommitteesystemisauniquenetworkofover3,000volunteersworkinginmorethan158countriestoselectstudentsfortheIBDPatUWC．TheindividualsincludeUWCalumni(校友)parentsofalumni,educationprofessionals,andcommunityleaderswhohaveembracedUWC’smissionandvalues.■ThroughtheUWCGlobalSelectionProgram(GSP).Itisdesignedforcandidateswhowouldliketoapplyninetotwelvemonthsbeforethebeginningoftheschoolyear,whichusuallybeginsinAugust.PleasenotethatyoumaynotapplythroughtwodifferentUWCnationalcommitteesorthroughaUWCnationalcommitteeandtheUWCGlobalSelectionProgramatthesametime.ChoosingyourapplicationroutetostudytheIBDPatUWCfor2023-2025:NationalcommitteeselectionsUWCGlobalSelectionProgramWhenarepositionsofferedtosuccessfulapplicants?January-April2023WithintwoweeksofattendingaGlobalSelectionWeekendIsthenumberofpositionsavailablelimited?YesYesArescholarshipsavailable?65%ofstudents(basedontheirneedsandfinancialassessment)NoAmIabletoapplyforaparticularUWCschoolorcollege?No(applicantsmay,however,listtheirpreferences)Yes(mostapplicanschooseatleastfourcampuses)CanIapplyinalanguageotherthanEnglish?Inmostcases,yes20HowcanIapply?Theapplicationprocessvaries.Itgenerallyincludes:awrittenapplication,anessay,aseriesofinterviewsconductedinpersonoronline,groupactivities,communityservices,anexamandaweekendcamp.16．WhatcanwelearnaboutUWCaccordingtothepassage?A．ItenlistsonlyEnglish-speakingnatives.B．Ithascampusoneverycontinentoftheworld.C．Itoffersapre-universityprogramtoteenagestudents.D．Itselectspotentialstudentswiththehelpofitsownstaff.17．IfEmilyplanstostudytheIBDPatUWCinthe2023schoolyear,shehasto________.A．haveparentsofalumniwithprofessionaleducationB．makeafullassessmentofherfinancialsituationC．sendontheapplicationbeforeDec.2022throughtheGSPD．attendaface-to-faceinterviewwithcommunityleaders18．WherearethetwoapplicationroutestostudytheIBDPmainlydifferent?①whenthenewschoolyearbegins②whentheresultfromadmissionsisreleased③whethertheapplicantcanwinascholarshiptotheprogram④whethertheapplicantcanchoosewhichcampustostudyinA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④InMacau’sColoaneVillage,thedelicioussmellofbuttergentlywaftsthroughtheair,attractingcustomersintoasmall,unassuming(不张扬的)shop.ItisLordStow’sBakery,famedforitsPortugueseeggtarts.Theyhaveaflaky(酥脆的)texture,whilethecustard(牛奶蛋糊)isnottoosweet.ThebakerywasstartedbyAndrewStow32yearsago.OriginallyfromEssexineasternEngland,AndrewworkedforBritishdrugstorechainBootsasanindustrialpharmacist(工业药剂师)HemovedtoMacauin1979toworkforAngloFrenchLaboratories.Whenthecompanyleftafewyearslater,Andrewdecidedtostayandsetuphisownbusinesssellinghealthfoods,whichwasofcourse20yearsaheadofitstime.Thebusinessdidnotdowell.Tomakeendsmeet,AndrewtookasidejobmanagingAlfonso’sRestaurantattheHyattRegencyHotel.Hegotthename“LordStow”fromhisPortuguesefriends,wholaughedathimforlordingitoverthem.Althoughhishealthfoodbusinessnevertookoff,Andrewfoundanicheimportingflourforexpatriates(侨)whowantedtomaketheirownbread.WhenhewenttoPortugal,Andrewsawtheroadsidebakeriessellingpasteisdenata(Portugueseeggtarts).HethoughtaboutintroducingittoMacau.TheonlyproblemwasthatAndrewdidnothavearecipeforpesteisdenata,buthewasnotdiscouraged.Hestartedexperimenting.WiththehelpofacheffriendattheHyattRegency,hedevelopedhisownversionofpastiesdenata.ItfeaturedaPortuguesepastry(油酥面皮)casefilledwithaBritishcustardthatisslightlyburnedonthetop.AfterAndrewdiedsuddenlyofasthma(哮喘)inOctober2006,hissisterEileencontinuedmanagingthebusiness.“Ican’tbelievethebusinesshasgrownthismuchin32years.AndIdoubtwhetherAndrewexpectedthatitwouldhavealonghistory,”shesays.TheMacaugovernmenthonoredAndrewwithagoldmedalforhisservicestotourism.Theyrecognizedthathehadcreatedaniconic(标志性的)pastrythatwouldbeforeverlinkedwithMacau.19．WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutAndrewStow?A．HegotalongwellwithhisPortuguesefriendsinMacau.B．Hemadeafortunebyimportingflourtoexpatriates.C．HedidnotexpecthiseggtartstobewildlypopularinMacau.D．HehadnotledaneasylifebeforedecidingtosettleinMacau.20．WhichwordscanbestdescribeAndrewStowaccordingtothepassage?A．Ambitiousandcreative. B．HardworkingandcautiousC．Hardworkingandcaring D．Determinedandgenerous21．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?A．①—②③—④⑤—⑥⑦ B．①—②③④—⑤⑥—⑦C．①—②③—④⑤⑥—⑦ D．①②—③④—⑤—⑥⑦22．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheLegendLifeofAndrewStow B．LordStow’sSweetStoryC．AFamousBakeryinMacau D．PopularityofthePortugueseeggtartsFoodallergieshavebeenontherise.IntheUS,itisnowestimatedthatover10percentoftheadultpopulationhasanallergytopeanuts,shellfish,dairyoranothertypeoffood.IntheUK,thepastthreedecadeshaveseenhospitaladmissionsforfoodallergiesrisefivetimes.Thankfully,wearebuildingupthearmoury(宝库)neededtoreverse(逆转)thistrendsothatoneday,suchpotentiallydeadlyreactionsbecomeathingofthepast.Themostcommontypesoffoodallergiesarecausedbyantibodiesthatwemakecalledimmunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)EorIgE.Theseantibodieswerediscoveredinthemid:1960sandstartedaneraofallergyresearchthatisstillgoingstrongtoday.Theearlyfindingshaveledtothousandsofstudiesthatpaintacomplicatedpictureofhowallergieswork,suggestingwaysinwhichwecanpreventandtreatthem.Theoldsaying“preventionisbetterthanthecure”holdstrueforfoodallergies.Mycolleaguesandlusetheso-calledsixDsasaguideopreventativemeasuresduringchildhood:diet,

dirt,dogs,dryskin,detergents(清洁剂)andvitaminD．Studieshavefoundthatpeoplehavealowerriskofdevelopinganallergywhen,asyoungsters,theyeatadiversedietanddosooften,havehealthyvitaminDlevels,liveinahomewithadog,avoiddryskinandareexposedtodirt,allowingthemtodevelopagoodmicrobiome(微生物组)TheuseofharshdetergentshasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinIgE.Clearly,formanypeoplethathavefoodallergies,suchearlylifepreventionisnolongeranoption.However,otherapproachesaretakingshape.Mostofthewayswecurrentlyusetargetthesysteminanefforttocontrolitsresponsetoallergens(过敏原).Onetechnique,knownasallergenimmunotherapy(免疫疗法),involvesslowlybuildingupexposuretoaproblemfood.Bystartinginverysmalldoses,thebodyappearstoabletobecontrolledtonolongerseeitasathreat.However,immunotherapyneedsregularexposuretoallergens.whichcancausesideeffects.Therearealsoanti-lgEdrugsthatcanblocktheeantibodiesinvolved.Thesecanbeparticularlyusefulwhenusedwithallergenimmunotherapytohelppeoplebecomeinsensitivetotroublesomeingredients.Allergyvaccinesareanotheroption.Theseworkbyreshapingthebody’simmuneresponsetoaparticularfoodsoitdoesn’tendinillness.Aswegainevidenceandexperiencewitheachoftheseapproaches,wearemovingclosertobeingabletotreatallfoodallergies.Manyofusaroundtheworldareaimingtocreateanewera,oneinwhichthistroubleisathingofthepast.23．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecantellthatA．onein10peopleisallergictopeanutsB．immunoglobulinEtakeseffectwhenwehavefoodallergiesC．theresearchofallergieshadn’tbeenconducteduntilmorerecentyearsD．morepeopleintheUKnowsufferfromfoodallergiesthan30yearsago24．WhydidtheauthormentionsixDs?A．ToshowacomplicatedpictureofhowallergiesworkB．ToconvincereadersofhisuniquemethodtodevelopfoodallergiesC．TodiscusstheeffectivenessofthismethodforcuringfoodallergiesD．Tosupportthebeliefthatpreventionismoreimportantthanthecure25．WhatcanwelearnaboutthetreatmentsaccordingtoParagraph5and6?A．Peoplecangetridoffoodallergiesthroughgradualadaptation.B．Anti-IgEdrugsraisepeople’ssensitivitytocertainingredients.C．Immunotherapyisbelievedtobringmoreharmthangood.D．Allergyvaccinesarethesafestmethodforthecuringoffoodallergies.26．What’stheauthor’stoneinthelastparagraph?A．Objective. B．Promising. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.Ihavealwayslovedfood.Athome,Idothethingsthateveryfoodiedoes.Iregularlyattendfoodfestivals,Icookfive-coursemealsformyfriends,andIwatchTopChefanddreamofanotherlifeinwhichImighthavebecomeachef.However,itwasnotuntilfiveyearsago,whenmyhusbandandItraveledtoSouthAfrica,thatIcombinedmylovefortravelingwithfood.SouthAfricancuisineisamixtureofmanydifferentsubcultures.Ifwehaveonlybeentheretoseetheelephants.wewouldnothavelearnedasmuchaswedidaboutthevastanddynamiccultureofthecountryifwehadnottakenintoaccountitsfood.Sure,wecouldhaveopenedatextbookandreadofthehistorythatbroughtalloftheseculturestogether,butwewouldnothaveexperienceditfirsthandandtakenhomeallofthepricelessmemorieswedid.Untilthen,Ihadnoideaaboutthelimitlessbenefitsthatonecouldgainfromtravelingforfood.Youarewonderinghowfoodcanbepowerful.right?Itissimple.Eatingusedallfivesense.Notonlydowetasteourfood,wealsotouchit,smellit,seeitwithoureyes,andlistentoitsizzling(咝咝作响)inthepan.Weareinaheightenedstateofbeingwheneverweinteractwithfood.Personally.thetasteofMalbectransportsmetoatastingroom(品酒室)inArgentina.Thesmelloflime(酸橙)instantlybringstomindtheThaicookingclassItookinChiangMai.Yousee,foodhastheabilitytoshapeyourjourneysanddefineyourmemories.Foodisalsoanessentialparoflifeandcommunity,ItiswhatmakesuswhoweareasapeopleIreadalotoftravelarticlesabouthowtosavemoneyonfoodwhiletravelingandhowtoavoidstreetfoodsoasnottogetsick.Iseriouslyquestionwhetheryoucanexperiencetheauthenticsideofaculturewithouttryingsomeofitslocalfood.Afterall,whatisThailandwithoutaplateofPadThai,Canadawithoutpoutine(肉汁乳酪薯条),andMexicowithouttacos(玉米薄饼卷)?Iamexaggeratingalittle.butyougetthepoint.Theworldisfullofincrediblefoodsbeckoningtobeeatenandtheyarealljustaplanerideorroadtripaway.Evenifyouarenotafoodie,well,youstillhavetoeat.Sowhynoteatalittle,learnalittle,andtakehometheleftovers?27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dynamic”inparagraph2mean?A．Popular. B．TraditionalC．Energetic. D．Political28．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes“eating”accordingtoparagraph3?A．Demanding. B．Multi-sensoryC．Powerful D．Well-received.29．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A．Tastingallowvisitorsabetterunderstandingofitsculture.B．It'swiseofyoutostayawayfromstreetfoodwhiletraveling.C．Foodshouldbelastthingtoconsiderinordertosavemoney.D．Withoutcharacteristicfoods,countriesmusloseappealtovisitors.30．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toencouragepeopletoenjoyfood.B．Tostresstheculturebehindlocalfoods.C．Toadvocatetravelinginvolvinglocalfoods.D．Toexplainthebenefitswegainfromfoods.评卷人得分三、七选五BeaWiseConsumerWhenyoubuyacupofcoffee,youhaveprobablynoticedthethreedifferentsizeoptions:small,mediumandlarge.Themedium-sizedservingoftencostsalmostasmuchasthelargeone.Giventheapparentbargain,haveyoueverchosenthebiggestandmostexpensiveoption?Ifso,youhavebeendrivenbyacognitivebias(认知偏差)knownasthe“decoyeffect(诱饵效应).”___31___Consideranotherexample.Imagineyouarechoosingflightsfromthefollowingoptions:■FlightAcosts$400withastopoverof60minutes.■FlightBcosts$330withastopoverof150minutes.■FlightCcosts$435withsstopoverof60minutes.TheresearchersfoundthatmostpeoplewouldchooseFlightA．___32___ComparedwithFlightBithasashorterwaitingtime-eventhoughitisconsiderablymoreexpensive.Nowlookatadifferentsetofflights:■FlightAcosts$400withastopoverof60minutes.■FlightBcosts$330withastopoverof150minutes.■FlightCcosts$330withastopoverof195minutes.Inthiscase,mostpeople'spreferencewasFlightB．Ineachcase.FlightC(thedecoy)wasdesignedtoappearsimilarto,butslightlylessattractivethan,oneoftheotheroptions(thetarget).___33___Experimentshavefoundtheuseofawell-designeddecaycanchangetheopinionbetweentheothertwooptions(选择)byasmuchas40percent—showinghoweasilyourdecisionscanbeinfluencedbythewaytheyaredesigned.Thedecoyeffectwasfirstinvestigatedasapotentialmarketingstrategytoinfluenceconsumerchoices.However,bylearningaboutityoumayBecomelesslikelytobeaffectedbythisinfluence.___34___Ifyouarediscussingtravelplanswithfriends,forinstance,andhavenotdecidedyetwheretogo.Youmightpresenttwoalternativearrangementsatyourcityofchoice,butonewithaslightlymoreexpensivehotel.Thecomparisonmayleadthemtoyourpreferredoption.___35___Askyourselfwhetheryouarereallychoosingtheoptionyouneedorwant,orwhetheryouarebeingattractedbyanintentionallyunappealingchoice.Likeanexpertsniper(狙击手)trainedtoavoidfalsetargets,youmayfindthatyourjudgementsuddenlybecomesalotmoreaccurate.A．Itischeaperthanthelastone.B．Thereismuchdebateaboutitsreasons.C．Remembertostayawayfromthedecoyeffect.D．Youmayevendiscoverwaystouseitasatoolforpersuasion.E．Thatcomparisonchangedthewaypeoplefindtheotherpossibilities.F．Theadditional,slightlylessattractiveoptionpushesyoutopaymoremoney.G．Thelatestresearchshowsthatitcouldalsohavestrongeffectsonemployment.评卷人得分四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CharlesDarwinwasbornonFebruary12,1809.HewastheBritishnaturalist____36____becamefamousforhistheoriesof____37____(evolve).Likeseveralscientistsbeforehim,Darwinbelievedallthelifeonearthevolvedovermillionsofyearsfromafewcommonancestor.Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynatural____38____(select)holdsthatvariationwithinspeciesoccursrandomlyandthatthesurvivalorextinction(灭绝)ofeachorganism____39____(determine)bythatorganism’sability____40____(adapt)toitsenvironment.Hesetthesetheoriesforthinhisbookcalled“TheOriginofSpecies”,whichwaspublishedin1859.After____41____(publish)ofthebook.Darwincontinuedtowriteonbotany,geology,andzoologyuntilhisdeathin1882.Darwin’sworkhadagreatinfluence____42____religiousthought.Manypeoplestronglyopposedtheideaofevolutionbecauseitconflictedwiththeirreligion.Darwinavoided____43____(talk)aboutthetheologicalandsociologicalaspectsofhiswork,____44____otherwritersusedhistheoriestosupporttheirowntheoriesaboutsociety.Darwinwas_____45_____ascientificmanthatbeforehemadeuphismindtogetmarried,hemadeacarefullistoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmarriage.评卷人得分五、开放性作文46．传统节日端午节越来越近了。假如你是李华，请你以“RiceDumplings:atastethatisoutofthisworld!”为题写一篇文章放到你的微博上。内容包括：1、粽子的种类与制作；2、与亲人们制作粽子过程的美好时刻。注意：词数100字左右参考词汇：芦苇叶reedleaf；粽子makericedumplingsRiceDumplings:atastethatisoutofthisworld!__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________评卷人得分六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Myparentsdoalotofembarrassingthings!Usually,it’smydadwhosingssillysongsortellscornyjokesaroundmyfriends.Butafewweeksago,itwasmymotherwhoplayedtheembarrassing-parentrole.WhilemymomandIwereshopping,weranintomyteacher,whomentionedthattheschooldidn’thaveamusicteachertohelpourclassputtogetheraperformanceforWinterFair.And,rightthenandthere,mymomsaid,“Iknowtheperfectsonganddance.I’llteachittothekids!”BeforeIcouldsay“Pleasedon’t”,mymomhadagreedtocometomyclasseverymorningat9:30foraweek.Oh,andjusttobeclear,it’snotasifshe’saprofessionalentertainer.Myparentsrunasmallgrocerystore,andtheonlysingingmymomdoesisintheshower.“Um,”Isaidonourwayhome,“areyousurethisissuchagoodidea?”“Ofcourse!”shesaid.“IfwewantyourschoolWinterFairtohappen,peopleneedtostepupandvolunteer.”“Iknowvolunteeringisimportant,”Isaid,“butcouldn’tyouhelpoutinTexandIndi’skindergarteninstead?”Shelaughed,“Don’tbesilly.Wewillhavefun!”“OK,fellas!”myteachersaidat9:28onMonday.“We’regoingtostopsilentreadingalittleearlytodaybecauseaspecialguestisheretohelpuswithaperformanceforWinterFair.Let’sallwelcomeArizona’smother.”Ilookeduptodiscovermymomstandingatthefrontoftheroomwearingtheworld’ssilliestsnowflakehat.“I’msuperexcitedtobeherewithyou!”mymomsaid,“I’mgoingtoteachyouafunlittlesong-and-danceperformanceIlearnedafewyearsback,whenIdidsometheaterincollege.Heregoes!”Ohplease,ohplease,Isaidoverandoverinmyhead,lettherebeafiredrill,oranassembly,orapowerfailure,oranythingtostopmymomfromcompletelyembarrassingherself—andme!!!Butapparently,mymomwasnotatallconcernedaboutlookingsilly.Sheturnedonsomebackgroundmusicandstartedsinginganddancingaway.注意：1.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；2.续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph1“HowIwishIcouldfindaplacetohide!”wasallIcouldthink.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2MymomturnedouttobemorethanalittleOKatperforming.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．B2．A3．C4．B5．D6．A7．D8．B9．C10．B11．B12．A13．C14．D15．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A.remembering记得；B.honouring尊敬、表彰；C.crediting相信；D.negating否认。根据最后一段“In1895,oneyearbeforehisdeath,Nobelmadethelast___13___,sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreat___14___tomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A.nature自然、性质；B.conduct行为、举动；C.flavour味道；D.benefit利益。根据空后的“explodingunderpressureorheat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A.deadly致命的；B.bitter苦涩的；C.usable可用的；D.mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867,theageof34,Nobelinventeddynamite(炸药),whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A.innovations创新；B.efforts努力；C.hesitation犹豫；D.association协会。根据上文“Nobelstartedtofindawaytocontrolitandmakea___3___explosive(爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A.broughtup抚养长大；B.putup张贴、提供食宿；C.brokeup结束、关系破裂；D.builtup建立、积累。根据空后的“hiswealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A.mistakenly错误地；B.purposefully故意地；C.unintentionally无意地；D.scientifically科学地。根据上文“WhenAlfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedin1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A.satisfied满意的；B.relieved宽慰的；C.impressed有印象的；D.disappointed失望的。通过下文“Thennewspaperstrongly___8___Nobelforinventingdynamite,givinghimthenicknameof“themerchantofdeath”andsaying“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame___9___byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.praised表扬；B.blamed责备；C.appreciated欣赏、感激；D.favoured偏爱。根据下文“givinghimthenicknameof“themerchantofdeath””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.greedy贪婪的；B.essential必要的；C.rich富裕的；D.sufficient充分的。根据上文“He___5___hiswealthfromhis355inventions,amongwhichdynamitewasthemostimportant.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A.error错误；B.warning警告；C.threat威胁；D.consequence结果。根据下文“Hespenthislifetimealone___11___thingsandwasdeeplyconcernedwithhowhewouldberemembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.destroying破坏；B.inventing发明；C.combining结合；D.stimulating刺激。根据上文“Duringhislifetime,Nobelinventedandpatentedvariousexplosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A.improve提升；B.establish建立；C.illustrate说明；D.secure安全的。根据上文“Hespenthislifetimealone___11___thingsandwasdeeplyconcernedwithhowhewouldberemembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A.request请求；B.illustration说明、阐述；C.will意志、遗嘱；D.fortune命运、财富。根据下文“sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreat___14___tomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A.choices选择；B.decisions决定；C.profits利润；D.contributions贡献。根据第一段“TheNobelPrizeisconsideredoneofthemostrecognizableandadmirableawardspossible___1___peopleoftheworldfortheiroutstandingachievementsindifferentfields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A.gaveaway赠送、背叛；B.gaveback归还；C.gaveoff散发；D.gaveout分发、公布。根据上文“sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreat___14___tomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。16．C17．C18．D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了UWC的两种申请方式及区别。16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“UnitedWorldColleges(UWC)isaglo