如何分析英语句子结构

句子成分与句子结构2021/6/271一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分：

主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如IstudyEnglish中的I。作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如IstudyEnglish中的study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短语。2021/6/272(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

①

teacher②man③dictionary

④Todo

2021/6/273(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus

⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor

⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music

⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?

A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book①B

②A

③C

⑧C

⑨A

⑩A

2021/6/2743、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如IstudyEnglish

中的English和Hemakesfulluseofhissparetimetostudy中的hissparetime.介词后的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如Hewentawaywithnowords中的nowords.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。2021/6/275①Mybrother

hasn't

done

hishomework.

A

B

C

D

②People

allovertheworldspeakEnglish.

A

B

C

D

③Youmustpaygood

attentiontoyour

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D①D

②

D

③B

2021/6/2764、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如Thatsoundsa

goodidea中的agoodidea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。2021/6/277①Theoldman

was

feelingverytired.

A

B

C

D

②Whyishe

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③Theleaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

D

B

D

2021/6/2785、定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如thepollutedriver中的polluted和theriverpollutedbychemicals中的pollutedbychemicals.2021/6/279①They

useMr.Mrs.withthefamily

name.

A

B

C

D②What

isyourgiven

name?

A

B

C

D③Onthethird

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

A

B

C

D

④Iamafraid

some

peopleforgottosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

D

⑤Theman

downstairswastrying

tosleep.

A

B

C

D

⑥I

amwaitingforthesound

oftheothershoe!

A

B

C

D

定语①

C

②C

③A④B

⑤B

⑥D

2021/6/27106、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如Ilikeitvery

much中的very修饰much,而much又修饰like。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。2021/6/2711There

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D

②Everynightheheard

thenoise

upstairs.

A

B

C

D

③Hebegan

tolearn

English

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

D

④Theman

onthemotorbike

wastravelling

tofast.

A

B

C

D①

D

②A

③D

④D

挑出下列句中的状语

2021/6/27127、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如Ifinditinteresting中的interesting.8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如WeChinesepeople

，lovepeace中的Chinesepeople是主语We的同位语.2021/6/2713①Shelikes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

A

B

C

D

②Heasked

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

A

B

C

D③Shefound

it

difficult

todothework.

A

B

C

D④Theycall

me

Lily

sometimes.

A

B

C

D

①C

②C

③C

④C挑出下列句中的宾语补足语2021/6/2714Takeabreak!2021/6/2715二、按照句子的结构来分，英语的句子有以下三种类型：1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Itislate,sowemusthurry.2021/6/27163、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：Ifwewanttokeepfit,wemustalwaysrememberthatpreventionisbetterthancure.

从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此，只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型，我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。2021/6/2717三、简单句的五种基本句型：

1、主语+连系动词+表语如：I’mnotfeelingwelltoday.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.

连系动词有：be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turnout/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go,come(true),fall(ill,asleep)2021/6/27182、主语+不及物动词（或短语）（+状语）如：Thesunrisesintheeast.TheOpiumWar（鸦片战争）brokeoutin1839.3、主语+及物动词（或短语）+宾语如：Theydecidedtoholdaclassmeeting.Wedependonourparentsforfoodandclothing.

2021/6/27194、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：Myfatherboughtmeanelectronicdictionary.MrWangteachesuschemistry.

用于此句型的动词有buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,do,leave,get,lend,lose（使……失去）,cost(使……付出代价）,offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy.Hedenieshiswifenothing.2021/6/27205、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语如：MarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.Theboymadehissistercry.Ourteacherencouragedustoworkhard.Ourheadteacherrequiredusnottobelateforclass2021/6/2721.1)、接名词作补足语的动词有：call,choose,think,consider,believe,find,make,etc.2)、接动词不定式作补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,let,have,hear,make;ask,tell,order,require,want,advise,persuade,cause,encourage,permit(allow),forbid,teach.不能用于此结构的动词有：suggest,demand,hope,agree.3)、接形容词作补足语的动词有：think,believe,find,feel,consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.2021/6/2722

以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成相应的从句，从而成为复合句。同时，复合句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成的。如：

Whathesaysdoesn’tagreewithwhathedoes.Whyhecamelateisthathisbikebrokedownontheway.ItoccurredtomethatIhadmuchhomeworktodo.Hepromisedmethathewouldattendthelecture.Whathasmadethecitywhatitisnow?2021/6/2723

另外，句子采用