2024届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态（素材）

专题十一：被动语态精讲—»Wctobecarefulofratsbythem.

一、概念4.Peoplehavepiledplasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.

被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

—♦Plasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是

5.Noonehaseverbeatenhimattennis.

动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动

词的一种特殊形式，一一殷来说，只彳i及物动词有被动语态。汉语往—*Hcartennis.

往用”被““受"“给“等被动词来表示被动意义。

三、构成形式

二、将下列语句替换为被动语态

①助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

EG:

②情念动词+be+及物动词的过去分询

1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsatthespare-timeTips：对态用法和主动语态相同，只是改变r语态，详见下表。

school.主动百冬

T35在时dam^\are2；do/<Joes(V\V$)am^\are»done(vpp)

被动语态—En/shhasbeenstudiedbyusfor3yearsatthe

will'tegoingto\be(about)to*<Jo(V)will*be*done(Vpp)

spare-timeschool①was“、"e②V・“)was\were*done(Vpp)

过去格来町woulcVshould7.wouid/shwidbe*done(vpp.)

2.Tlieyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.

天碎行时amu$\are*domg(V-ing)arrVts\are2e«ng*done(Vpp)

—*1(X)tractorsbytheendoflastyear.过去迸行时was\^'ece*doing(V-ing)was\were*be<ng*done(Vpp)

温在亮则haYMasfon@(V.pp.)have\has-been-done(V.p.p)

3.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.过去完期Jhad*done(vpp)ha<j*been*<jone(Vpp)

踪动词情专31词-V的动词♦be*done(Vpp.)

Eg：(x/)Shelikestoswim.

四、注意事项(X)Toswimislikedbyher.

(1)不及物动词或动闻短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)

例如：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,

(6)主动语态to走开，被动语态t。回来：

remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fall

在主动语态中，make,let,hear,see,notice等其后跟省略

asleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.等均无被动语

to的动词不定式时，变为被动语态时必须还原不定式t。。

态。

(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：例如：Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.

例如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,-♦Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.

watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.

succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walk-»Hewasheardtosing：thissongintheroom.

into,belongto(7)带双宾语的动词give,send,teach,lend,show,

(3)系动词无被动语态(keep除外)：pass,tell等，在变成被动语态时，可以有两种情况.如果用克接

例如：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,宾语作为被动语态的主语，这时，间接宾语前要加介词t。；如果用

seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn间接宾语做主语,则不加t。.如：

(4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于Apenwasgiventomebymyfriendyesterday.

被动语杰:die,death,dream,live,life—♦Myfriendgavemeapenyesterday.

(5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。-♦Iwasgivenapenbymyfriendyesterday.

五、一些非谓语的主动形式表被动意义

①need,want,require,bear,含义相当于动词不定式的被

习题练

动形式

Eg：Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).1)Chinesekitesinancienttimes(design)inthe

②worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动shapeofbirds.

词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的板动形式。2)teacherkeepstellingusthatthefuture

：

EgThepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(belong)tothewell-educated.

—>Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.

3)MybrotherandIhave(invite)herbirthday

③动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关

party.

系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形

4)TheGreatWall(know)allovertheworld.

式表示被动含义。

Eg：Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.5)Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)

④万能句：it's+adj+forsbtodosth.now.

⑤结构，主动表备洞含义6)Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothe

Eg：Thisbookistooexpensivetobuy.hospital.

⑥介词in,on等十名词构成介词短语表被动意义

7)Thelostboy(notfind)sofar.

Eg：Thebuildingisunderconstruction