专题14 8BU6-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题148BU6-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题SunshineforallReading重点词汇、词组和句型GrammarItis+adj+of/forsbtodosth句式的区分和用法知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1.I'mtrainingtobeavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.我正在为成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者而训练。【考点解析train】train意为“训练”，常构成短语trainfor，意为“为……而训练”，介词for表示目的，意为“为……”；其中train作不及物动词；trainas意为“训练当……”。【例句】Heistrainingtobeadoctor.他正训练当一名医生。TheyaretrainingforthecomingWorldCup.他们正在为即将到来的世界杯集训。Heisnowbeingtrainedasavolunteer.他现在正在接受训练成为一名志愿者。【拓展】train也可以作及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。【例句】Theyaretrainingthedolphintohelpthemsavepeopleinthesea.◆◆◆trainern．教练员．驯兽师traineen．接受培训者，学员，实习生【典型例题】学生们正为做志愿者而进行训练。Thestudents___________________________________.【答案】aretrainingforthevolunteers2.It'smeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.为奥林匹克运动会做一些事情是很有意义的。【考点解析】meaningful形容词，意为“有意义的”，由名词meaning加形容词后缀-ful构成。句型“It's＋adj.＋(forsb.)＋todosth.“结构。【例句】It'smeaningfultoplanttreeseveryyear.每年植树很有意义。【拓展】mean动词，意为“意思是，意味着”meaning名词，意为“意义”，由动词mean加-ing构成meaningless，形容词，“无意义的”。用单词的适当形式填空。1.Swimmingintheseaisa_______(mean)experience.2.Myparentsthinkanythingis______(mean)exceptlearning.3.What’sthe______(mean)ofthefollowingword?4.Whatdoesthesign______(mean)?【答案】meaningful,meaningless,meaning,mean3.Ineedsomemorefoodtoeatatwork．我还需要更多食物在工作时吃。【考点解析1】need作情态动词，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Needhegososoon?他这么快就要走吗？Heneedn'tgo.他不必走。作行为动词Doesheneedtogososoon?他这么快就要走吗？Hedoesn'tneedtogo.他不需要走。Heneedstogo．他得走。 Heneedsourhelp.他需要我们的帮助。【难点】作行为动词的need后可接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。Thegardenneedswatering(＝tobewatered).花园该浇水了。【批注】needtobedone是need做实义动词，一般情况下的被动语态。needdoing是一个特殊用法，表达被动意义。所以这两种表达都是表示被动的。此类词还有：want,require【考点解析2】somemorefood更多一些食物数量意义词+more+名词:表更多……=another+数量意义词+名词【例句】twomoreapples再两个苹果=anothertwoapples【典型例题】---CanIhave_______water?---Ofcourse.Hereyouare.moreany B.anymore C.somemoreD.moresome【答案】C4.Theycanprovidespecialplacesforhomelesspeopletostay.【考点聚焦】providesth.forsb.为某人提供某物=providesb.withsth.【例句】Hewasverypoorbecausehe’dto

provide

foodforsevenchildren.他很穷，因为他要给七个孩子提供食物。5、blindadj.瞎的短语：goblind失明；turnablindeyeto对……佯装不见 beblindto对……视而不见deafadj.聋的例如：Heisadeafman.Heisdeafofanear.拓展：①bedeaftoadvice意为“不听劝告”Tomisalwaysdeaftoadvice.=2\*GB3②turnadeafearto意为“对……充耳不闻”Don’tturnadeafeartowhatIsaid.6.withone’ssupport在某人的支持下withoutone’ssupport没有某人的支持supportsb.todo支持某人做某事变形：supportern.支持者7.一个残疾人adisabledman区分没有能力的unablecn.缺陷，障碍disability*the+adj.表示一类人，谓语动词要用复数：theblindthedeafthedisablestherichthepoorthehomelesstheelderly8.workclosely密切合作watchclosely密切关注辨析：closeadv.近地sitclosetome9.background可数，但是放在名词前不要加复数，如：manybackgroundpictures10.加入组织jointheorganization组织vt.organize组织者n.organizer有条理的adj.organized11.theintroductionto……的简介，可翻译为引进变形：vt.introduce12.disease可数名词，一般指疾病名称，与illness不同13.Survivor幸存者注意后缀是or，不是er以or结尾的表示人的单词：visitoractor地震幸存者earthquakesurvivors变形：survivevt.幸存于……survivetheearthquake在中国西南South-westChina=thesouth-westofChina=south-westernChina15.有足够的钱给这样一个手术haveenoughmoneyforsuchanoperation考点：enough+nadj.+enoughSuch+名词短语so+adj./adv.Such...that....So...that....如此……以致于……16.否则，他会失去他的生命。Otherwise,hewilllosehislife.1)然而however此外moreover无论如何，不管怎样anyway2)losevt.失去loseone’sway迷路lostadj.迷失的getlost迷路17.很快康复getwellagainsoonWell做形容词指身体好感觉身体棒feelwell18.确保……makesure+that从句19.LiuMingdidnotknowwhattoexpect…刘明不知道期待什么……【考点聚焦】expect表示“期待，期望”，通常用作及物动词其后可接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但不能接动名词。IexpecttofinishtheworkbyFriday.我预计在星期五以前完成此项工作。Heexpectedhertogowithhim.化期望她同他一起去。【批注】同样涉及否定转移的词还有：think，suppose，believe比如：Idon’tthinkhecanswim.20.ThespecialOlympicsWorldGamesgivechildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachancetoshowtheirskillstotheworld..①givesb.achancetodosth.意为“给某人做某事的机会”例如：Iwillgiveyouachancetoexplainyourself.=2\*GB3②句中的withintellectualdisabilities为后置定语，修饰childrenandadults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。例如：Thestudentsondutyarecleaningtheclassroom.=3\*GB3③chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。例如：Doyouhaveachancetowin?Youhavenochancenow.21.TheyincludemanyeventssimilartothoseintheOlympics.很多与奥运会类似的项目。【考点聚焦】短语similartothoseintheOlympics为后置形容词短语，用于修饰events。similar意思是“相似的，类似的”。besimilarto意为“与……相似/相仿”。Histeachingstyleissimilartothatofmostteachers.他的教学风格和多数教师相似。22.Thentheyprovidedsupportfortheathletesandhelpedmaketheeventagreatsuccess.maketheeventagreatsuccess意为“使本届特奥会取得很大的成功”，make+sb./sth.+名词结构，其中theevent是make的宾语，agreatsuccess为其宾语补足语例如：Hardlifemakestheboyaman.WemadeTomourmonitor.拓展：make后还以接省略to的动词不定式、形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。Don’tmaketheboycryanymore.Theboyoftenmakeshismotherangry.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinChinese.23.Iwastheswimmingcoachforayoungboyfrom….①coach此处为可数名词，意为“教练”，复数形式为coaches=2\*GB3②coach还可用作及物动词，意为“训练，指导”。=3\*GB3③coach还可用作可数名词，意为“客车，长途汽车”。例如：Heisafootballcoach.Couldyouhelpcoachafootballteamforlittlekids?IwilltakeacoachtoNanjing.24、Hewasbornwithintellectualdisabilities.bebornwith…..意为“生来具有……”例如：Hewasbornwithaweakbody.他生来体弱。25.Itwasnecessaryforthesevolunteerstoreceivetrainingbeforedoingthetask.【考点聚焦】necessaryadj.必须的；必要的necessityn.必要性【拓展】句型“It's＋adj.＋(forsb.)＋todosth.“结构。当形容词修饰后面的动词不定式时，如necessary,difficult/hard,tiring,easy,(im)possible等时，介词用for；当形容词修饰人（的内在品质时），如generous,kind,good/great,polite等时，介词用of。26.Itwasverybraveofhimtojointhecompetition.他参加竞赛真的很勇敢。【考点解析】句型It’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth.通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪。该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类:表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever,wise,foolish,stupid,silly,unwise,dumb(愚笨的),absurd(荒谬的)等。如：It’ssillyofhimtodosuchathing.他竟干出这样的事，真是愚蠢！表示正确或错误的形容词,有right,wrong,correct,incorrect等。如:Itwasrightofhernottocomehere.她没有来这儿，太对了！表示好坏等品性的形容词,此类词较多,有good,nice,kind,friendly,lovely,wonderful,bad,unkind,naughty等。如:It’sfriendlyofyoutocomeandseeme.你能来看我，真够朋友！表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词,有brave,polite,careless,selfish等。如:Itwasbraveofyoutomanagetodoit.你居然能做成这件事，真勇敢！27.ToLiHai,themostimportantthingisnottowinagoldorasilver,buttotakepart.【考点解析】win的用法如下：(1)用作不及物动词，意为“获胜，得胜，成功，达到”，与succeed同义，与fail相反。Wewoninthefootballmatchlastweek.在上周的足球比赛中我们赢了。(2)用作及物动词，意为“获得，博得”。HewontheNobelPrizeforphysics.他获得诺贝尔物理学奖。Hewonthefirstprizeforhisinvention.他的发明获得了一等奖。【拓展】win＋sth.（赢的东西）；beat＋sb.（打败的人）Webeatthem.我们赢了他们。Whowonthegame，LiMingorLiuHai?谁赢了游戏，李明还是刘海？①not…but…意为“不是……，而是……”。例如： Jim’sfatherisnotateacherbutadoctor.Thebookisnothersbutmine.=2\*GB3②gold此处用作可数名词，意为“金牌”。例如：Hewonmanygolds.拓展：gold还可用作不可数名词，意为“黄金，金子”；gold用作形容词时，意为“金黄色的，金质的”。Howmuchgolddoyouhave?你有多少黄金？ThegirlwithagoldwatchisMary.那个戴金表的女孩是玛丽。28..Athletesandvolunteersfromdifferentbackgroundsfeellikepartofonebigfamily.来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像一个大家庭的成员。【考点解析】feellike有两个意思：(1)意为“想要”，feellikedoing意为“想要做某事”，相当于want/wouldliketodosth.Ifeellikeeatingthiskindoffood.我想吃这种食物。(2)意为“觉得像；摸起来像”。Thecapfeelslikeananimal．这帽子摸起来像一个动物。29.VolunteeringfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames为夏季特奥会做志愿者【考点聚焦】(1)volunteervi.&vt.志愿做，义务做volunteerfor...志愿做……；主动做……Noonevolunteeredforcleaningthehenhouse.没有人主动去清理鸡舍。(2)volunteerto...志愿做……；主动提出……Hevolunteeredtowaterourplants.他主动提出给我们的植物浇水。(3)volunteern.义务工作者；志愿者30.HefeelsmoreconfidentnowbecauseoftheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames.confidentadj.此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：beconfidentofsth.意为“对……有信心”；beconfident+that从句意为“确信……，对……有信心”。例如：Heisaconfidentperson.Maryisconfidentofpassingtheexam.=Maryisconfidentthatshecanpasstheexam.31.HefeelsmoreconfidentnowbecauseoftheSpecialOlympicsWorldGames.confidentadj.此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：beconfidentofsth.意为“对……有信心”；beconfident+that从句意为“确信……，对……有信心”。例如：Heisaconfidentperson.Maryisconfidentofpassingtheexam.=Maryisconfidentthatshecanpasstheexam.32.Iknowsomepeopleoffertohelpwithoutgettingpaidfortheevent.offertodosth.意为“主动提出做某事”。例如：MaryofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.拓展：offersth.提供某物；offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.Heofferedsomeadvice.Theyofferedushotwater.=Theyofferedhotwatertous.33.WhataretheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamesfor?What…for?意为“为什么……？”。例如：---Whatareyouherefor?---Tomeetmyuncle.辨析：what…for与whyWhat…for为什么……用于询问目的或用途，一般用动词不定式或for介词短语等回答，不能用because回答例：---Whatdoyouwantabasketfor?---Iwanttobuysomeapples.why为什么侧重询问原因，一般用because作答例：---Whywereyoulateforschool?---BecauseImissedtheearlybus.二、语法GrammarItis+adj.+of/forsb+to-infinitive1)Itis+adj．+to-infinitive“Itis+形容词+动词不定式”可以用来描述行为和情境。在该句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。把真正的主语放在句末而用it作形式主语也是为了句子的协调，避免“头重脚轻”。该句型中的形容词是用来描述行为或情境的。如：Itisdangeroustoplayfootballinthestreet．在街上踢足球是危险的。Itishardtounderstandwhathesaid.要理解他的话是很难的。2)Itis+adj.+for…+to-infinitive“Itis+形容词+for…+动词不定式”可以用来具体说明正在谈论的事情。在该句型中，it是形式主语，for后面所引导的人或物是动词不定式的逻辑主语，forsb./sth.todosth.在英语中通常称为动词不定式的复合结构。其中的形容词用来说明不定式的特征，而不是说明人的特征或性格。用于该句型的常见形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important,interesting,dangerous,possible,'impossible,meaningful,comfortable,uncomfortable等。如：It'sdifficultforyoutopasstheexam.对你来说通过这次考试是困难的。3)Itis+adj．+of…+todosth．“Itis+形容词+of…+动词不定式”结构用来对某人的品质、性格等作出评价，其中的形容词必须是表示人的品质、性格等的形容词。it是形式主语，没有实际意义。该结构中的sb.和(not)todosth.有着逻辑上的主谓关系，所以该句型又可以转换成“sb.+be+adj.+(not)todosth.”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：careless，careful，clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,polite,impolite,rude,selfish,generous,wise,silly,modest,proud,thoughtful等。如：It'sveryniceofyoutogivemeagift.=Youareverynicetogivemeagift.你送给我礼物，你真好。Itissillyofyounottoforgiveothersfortheirmistakes.=Youaresillynottoforgiveothersfortheirmistakes.你不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。三、词组归纳训练成为一名志愿者 traintobeavolunteer志愿帮助穷人 volunteertohelpthepoor支持我 supportme需要帮助的人们 peoplewhoneedhelp一个残疾人 adisabledperson一个盲人 ablindperson给他们提供食物和衣服 givethemfoodandclothes12.提供特别居所给无家可归的人 providespecialplacesforhomelesspeople =providehomelesspeoplewithspecialplaces一份志愿者经历的报告 areportontheexperienceofavolunteer期待他做一名工程师 expecthimtobeanengineer为奥运会志愿服务 volunteerfortheOlympics他一生中最神奇的经历之一 oneofthemostamazingexperienceofhislife有智障的儿童和成年人 childrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilities与…相似 besimilarto…接受训练 receivetraining获得一等奖/第一名 win(the)firstprize获得第四名 finishfourth=comefourth使他们梦想成真 maketheirdreamscometrue23.帮助他们实现梦想 helpthemrealize/achievetheirdreams24.捐钱给慈善机构 donatemoneytocharities25.通过写邮件相互联系 keepintouchwitheachotherbywritingemails26.由…组成 bemadeupof…27.患了严重的血液病 haveaseriousblooddisease28.地震幸存者们 earthquakesurvivors四、句型归纳为奥运会做些事情很有意义。 It’smeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.作为志愿者工作真的很精彩。 It’sfantastictoworkasavolunteer.特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子及成人向世界展示能力的机会。TheSpecialOlympicWorldGamesgivechildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachancetoshowtheirskillstotheworld.他们包括很多与奥运会类似的项目，如篮球、足球和游泳。TheyincludemanyeventssimilartothoseintheOlympics,suchasbasketball,footballandswimming.在这些志愿者行使职责之前，接受训练是必须的。Itisnecessaryforthevolunteerstoreceivetrainingbeforedoingthetasks.他们为运动员们提供支持，协助使本届赛事获得巨大成功。Theyprovidedsupportfortheathletesandhelped(to)maketheeventagreatsuccess.他生下来(天生)就有智力缺陷。 Hewasbornwithintellectualdisabilities.参加这项比赛，他真的十分勇敢。Itwasverybraveofhimtojoinin/takepartinthecompetition.对李海来说，最重要的事不是赢得金牌或银牌，而是参与。ToLiHai,themostimportantthingisnottowinagoldorasilver,buttotakepart.李海尽了最大努力并获得第四名。 LiHaitriedhisbestandfinishedfourth.来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像大家庭的一部分。Athletesandvolunteersfromdifferentbackgroundsfeellikepartofonebigfamily.对于我们来说能和这些特殊运动员们密切合作真的很棒。你有机会帮助他们实现梦想。It’sgreatforustoworkcloselywiththesespecialathletes.Yougettohelpthemachievetheirdreams.你听说过比尔盖茨吗？HaveyouheardofBillGates?对于人们来说，学习良好的礼仪很重要。（2种）It’simportantforpeopletolearngoodmanners.=It’simportantthatpeoplelearngoodmanners.对于他们来说没有志愿者的帮助，做一对一的工作几乎不可能。It’simpossibleforthemtodotheirworkone-to-onewithoutthehelpofvolunteers.与智障的人交谈你遇到麻烦吗？Doyouhaveanytroubletalkingtopeoplewithintellectualdisabilities?到处乱扔垃圾，这些人的行为是错误的。It’swrongofthepeopletodroplittereverywhere.这名年轻人很善良，他献血给需要的人。It’skindoftheyoungmantodonatebloodtopeopleinneed.用这种方式，他们能帮助当地人改善他们的生活。Inthisway,theycanhelpthelocalpeopleimprovetheirlives.我们需要采取行动保护环境。 Weneedtotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.然而对他来说尽快做这个手术很重要，否则，他可能会失去生命。However,it’simportantforhimtohavetheoperationassoonaspossible.Otherwise,hemaylosehislife.如果我们都能伸出援助之手，他不久就可能恢复健康。Ifallofuscangiveahelpinghand,hemaygetwellagainsoon.易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择1.Itisimpossible____her____theworkinhalfanhour.A.for;finishB.of;finish C.for;tofinishD.of;tofinish2.It’sreallykind_______you_______helpmewithmyEnglish.A.for,to B.of,to C.for,for D.of,for3.---It’ssokindofyoutogivemearidetothestation.---_____________A.Itdoesn’tmatter B.NevermindC.Don’tmentionit D.Notatall.It’sapleasure4.Itisdifficultforhimthetaskwithintwohours.tofinishBtofinishingCfinishingDnottofinish【答案】CBDA二、用适当的介词填空1.Itwasstupid____metotalkinthatwaytomymother.2.Itisveryimportant___ustomasterEnglish.3.Itwasimpossible____thelittleboytocarrysuchaheavybox.4.Itissmart___themtomakegooduseoftheInternet.【答案】of

；for

；for

；of三、同义句转换1.Thistaskisdifficulttofinish.difficultthistask.2.IfinditeasytolearnEnglishwell.easylearnEnglishwell.3.You’llloseyourwayeasilyinsuchabigcity.It’sforyoutoinsuchabigcity.4.Weshouldtrainourselvesbeforerunning.ustotrainourselvesbeforerunning.5.He’sunabletoworkoutsuchadifficultproblem.himtoworkoutsuchadifficultproblem.6.Thegirlgivesherseattopeopleinneed.Sheisverykind.thegirlherseattopeopleinneed.7.TheoldmandonatedlotsofmoneyandthingstothepeopleinYa’an.Hewasgenerous.theoldmanlotsofmoneyandthingstothepeopleinYa’an.Hewasgenerous.8.Tomdoesn’tforgiveothersfortheirmistakes.Heissilly.Tomothersfortheirmistakes.【答案】1Itis;tofinish2Itis;formeto3easy;getlost4It’snecessaryfor5It’simpossiblefor6It’skindof;togive7Itwasgenerousof;todonate8It’ssillyof;nottoforgive词汇句型部分：一、单项填空()1.-_______andIwillgiveyouasurprise!A.Supportme B.Supportingme C.Tosupportme D.Supportsme()2._______isimpoliteforustoshoutatothersloudly.A.This B.That C.There D.It()3.-Whataretheseyounggirlsdoing?-Theyaretraining_______volunteers_______theSpringSportsMeeting.A.tobe;to B.as;for C.for;for D.as;to()4.Thedisabled_______abletodothesamethingsascommonpeople.is Bcanbe C.are D.can()5.It'sverynice_______youtogivemesuchachance.A.to B.for C.of D.at()6.It'snecessary_______ustokeeptheclassroom_______everyday.A.for;cleans B.of;clean C.for;clean D.of;cleaning()7.Itis_______ofthepeopleto_______moneytothepoorpeople.A.important;donating B.generous;raisingC.meaningful;raise D.helpful;donate()8.Itiswrong_______us_______lookdownupon（看不起）thedisabledpeople.A.of;to B.for;for C.to;to D.of;for()9._______togettherewithintenminutes.Tenminutes_______tooshortforus.A.Itisimpossibleofus;are B.It'simpossibleforus;isC.Weareimpossible;are D.Wearen'tpossible;is()10.-Whatdoyouthinkoftomorrow'sbasketballmatch?-_______difficultforus_______thematch.A.We're;winning B.It'swinningC.We're;towinD.It's;towin()11.TheOlympicGames_______us_______achance_______showourskills.A.provide;with;to Bprovide;for;toC.provides;with;for D.provides;to;with()12.Thesecollegestudents_______ingettingnewjobs,sotheyhavetostayinschool.A.trouble B.havetroubleC.havefun D.haveagoodtime()13.ValentinaisgoodatEnglish.Ithinkit'seasy_______her_______Englishwell.A.for;tolearnB.of;tolearn C.for;learningDof;learning()14.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.this B.that C.it D./()15.-IlikemyChineseteacher.Heisverykind_______us.-Thatisverykind_______him.A.of;to B.to;of C.to;to D.of;of.()16.Mydaughterthink_______necessary_______totakesomanydancingclasses.A.that;forher B.it;ofher C.that;ofher D.it;forher()17.Michelhas_____allhispocketmoney_____thelocalcharitytohelppeopleinneed.A.given;for B.raised;to C.donated;to D.bought;for()18.Heneverworkshardsoit's_______forhimtopasstheexam.hopeless B.useless C.useful D.hopeful【答案】1-5ADBCC6-10CDABD11-15ABACB16-18DCA二、完成句子1.对我们来说，和这些特殊的运动员一起密切工作是很好的。It’sgreat___________________________________________thesespecialathletes.2.你有机会帮助他们实现他们的梦想。You_____________________________________________.3.如果我们能伸出援助之手，这些贫困的孩子会得到更好的教育。Ifallofuscan,thepoorchildrenmayeducation.4.对他来说，要在半小时内完成这篇文章是很困难的。It’shimfinishthearticlewithinhalfanhour.5.这些钱是用来帮助参加人的。Themoneythedisabled.【答案】1.forustoworkcloselywith2.haveachancetohelpthemrealizetheirdreams3.lendahelpinghand,getbetter4.hardfortowriting5.isusedtohelp三、词汇A．根据意思完成单词1.Hismotherwantshimtobemorec________(besureofone’sabilities)inhisstudy.2..Ihaveabicycle__________(alike,butnotthesame)tomyuncle’s.3.---The2-year-oldchildwastheonlys_______intheaccident.---Oh,mygod.4.Itwasnotaneasy(apieceofhardworkthatmustbedone)forus.5.Theystudiedthe_________(项目)verycarefullytosavemoremoney.6.Iofferedmyseattoa______________(盲的)womanonthebusyesterday.7.InOlympics,athleteswhowinthefirstplacewillbepresentedwithg_________medals..8.Weall_______