医学英语高频词汇03+神经系统

神经系统高频词汇 第一课01.

cerebellar

[sɛrə'bɛlɚ]小脑的cerebell/o(cerebellum) -ar(pertaining

to)Operation

is

indicated

in

casesofacute

cerebellar

infarction

thatleadto

swelling

and

internal

hydrocephalus.外科手术对急性小脑梗死引起脑水肿和内部脑积水的病例而言是必要的。来自梁平教授02.

cerebellopontine[seɪə'beləpɒntaɪn]小脑脑桥的ont/o(pons) -ine(pertaining

to)A

6-year-old

boy

presented

with

ataxia

and

wasfound

to

have

alargecerebellopontine

angle

tumor

and

hydrocephalus.一名患有共济失调的6岁男孩，被发现患有巨大脑桥脑角肿瘤和脑积水。SOURCE:

World

Neurosurg

2018

Aug;116

110-115.03.

cerebrospinal

fluid

[ˌsɛrəbro'spaɪnl]

脑脊液cerebr/o(cerebrum)

spin/o(spine) –al(pertaining

to)Surgicaloutcomes

in

the

treatmentoftemporal

bone

cerebrospinalfluid

leak:

A

systematicreview.治疗颞骨脑脊液漏的手术效果：系统评价。SOURCE:

AurisNasusLarynx2018Oct;45

(5):903-910.04.

cerebrovascular

accident

脑血管意外、脑卒中vascul/o(blood

vessel)Prevalence

of

heart

failure,

cerebrovascular

accident

(CVA),coronaryartery

disease,

sudden

cardiac

death,

and

hypertensionweresignificantly

higher

in

patients

with

cannabis

use.使用大麻的患者在心力衰竭、脑血管意外（CVA）、冠状动脉疾病、心源性猝死和高血压等方面的患病率显著升高。SOURCE:

JCardiovascMed

(Hagerstown)2018Sep;19

(9):480-484.05.

intracerebralhemorrhage[ˌɪntrə'sɛrəbrəl]['hɛmərɪdʒ]脑出血intra-(within,

into)

hem/o(blood)-rrhage(bursting

forth

ofblood)Polymorphonuclear

neutrophil

granulocytes(PMN)

orchestrate

theremovalof

celldebrisinischemicstrokeandintracerebral

hemorrhage.多形核中性粒细胞（PMN）参与协调缺血性脑卒中和脑出血时细胞碎片的清除。SOURCE:

J

Neuroimmunol

2018

Aug;321

138-143.06.

cerebral

infarction

[sə'ribrəl]

[ɪn'fɑrkʃən]

脑梗死Systemic

administration

ofmesenchymal

stem

cells

(MSCs)

followingcerebral

infarction

exerts

functional

improvements.脑梗死后给予间充质干细胞（MSC）的全身给药具有改善功效。SOURCE:

Brain

Res

2018

Sep;1695

37-44.07.cerebral

embolism

[sə'ribrəl]['ɛmbə,lɪzəm]脑栓塞em-(in) bol/o(cast,

throw)-ism(process,

condition)Silent

cerebralembolism

in

cryoballoon

ablation

ofatrial

fibrillation:whendetails

matter.低温球房消融心房颤动时的无症状脑栓塞：关注细节问题。SOURCE:

Heart

Rhythm

2018

Jul.08.

cerebralconcussion

[sə'ribrəl][kən'kʌʃən]

脑震荡HPX

patients

live

with

severe

anxiety

about

frequentfalls

andsometimes

suffer

serious

injury,

such

as

cerebral

concussion

orbonefracture.遗传性惊跳症患者对频繁跌倒感到严重焦虑，他们有时会发生如脑震荡或骨折等的严重损伤。(HPX:hereditary

hyperekplexia,

遗传性惊跳症）SOURCE:

Rinsho

Shinkeigaku

2018

Jun.09.

cerebral

contusion

[sə'ribrəl][kən'tjuʒn]

脑挫伤SBS/AHT

criteria:

subdural

haemorrhage,

cerebral

contusion,

skullfracture,

convulsions,

retinal

haemorrhage,

fractures

rib

and

longbones.SBS/AHT的诊断标准：硬膜下出血、脑挫伤、颅骨骨折、抽搐、视网膜出血、肋骨和长骨骨折。(SBS/AHT:shaken

baby

syndrome(SBS)/abusive

head

trauma(AHT)，惊吓婴儿综合征/虐待性头部创伤)SOURCE:

EurJPublicHealth2018

Aug;28(4):641-646.10.cerebral

cortex[sə'ribrəl]['kɔrtɛks]

大脑皮质Self-monitoring

in

the

cerebralcortex:Neural

responses

to

smallpitchshifts

in

auditory

feedbackduring

speech

production.大脑皮质中的自我监测：听觉反馈时语音中小音调变化引起的神经反应。SOURCE:

Neuroimage

2018

Oct;179

326-336.Terminology

Reviewcerebellar

[sɛrə'bɛlɚ]小脑的cerebellopontine

[seɪə'beləpɒntaɪn]小脑脑桥的cerebrospinal

fluid

[ˌsɛrəbro‘spaɪnl]

脑脊液cerebrovascular

accident

脑血管意外、脑卒中intracerebral

hemorrhage

[ˌɪntrə'sɛrəbrəl]['hɛmərɪdʒ]脑出血Terminology

Reviewcerebral

infarction

[sə'ribrəl][ɪn'fɑrkʃən]脑梗死cerebral

embolism

[sə'ribrəl] ['ɛmbə,lɪzəm]脑栓塞cerebral

concussion

[sə'ribrəl][kən'kʌʃən]脑震荡cerebral

contusion

[sə'ribrəl][kən'tjuʒn]脑挫伤10.cerebral

cortex

[sə'ribrəl]['kɔrtɛks]

大脑皮质神经系统高频词汇 第二课01.

cerebral

death

脑死亡In

the

United

States,

each

year

1%

to

2%

ofdeathsare

cerebraldeaths.美国每年约1%-2%的死亡为脑死亡。SOURCE:

J

Intensive

Care

Med.

2015

Sep;30(6):326-37.02.

cerebral

angiography

脑血管造影术angi/o(blood

vessel) -graphy(process

ofrecording)This

3DRV

technique

provides

precise

visualization

of

venous

sinusstenosis

prior

to

stenting

without

the

need

for

arterial

cerebralangiography

during

the

treatmentcourse.这种3DRV技术可在支架植入前提供静脉窦狭窄的精确可视化，而无需在治疗过程中进行动脉脑血管造影。（

3DRV

：three-dimensionalrotational

venography，三维旋转静脉造影）SOURCE:

JNeurointerv

Surg2018

Aug;10

(8):777-779.03.

encephalitis[ɛnˌsɛfə'laɪtəs]

脑炎encephal/o(brain) -itis(inflammation)Centralnervous

system

infections

(e.g.,

encephalitis,meningitis)

areusually

accompanied

by

systemic

signs

ofinfection

and

aprogressively

worsening

course.中枢神经系统感染(如脑炎、脑膜炎)常伴有感染的全身体征和进行性恶化的病程。来自梁平教授04.

encephalopathy

[ɛnˌsɛfə'lɑpəθi]

脑病-pathy(disease;

emotion)Some

features

of

hypertensive

encephalopathy

have

been

noted

inpatients

receiving

certain

monoamine

oxidase

(MAO)

inhibitors

asantidepressants.在应用某些单胺氧化酶抑制剂如抗抑郁药物的病人中曾观察到高血压脑病的一些特点。来自梁平教授05.

anencephaly

[ænen'sefəli]

无脑畸形All

casesofanencephaly

(n

=4),

encephalocele

(n

=2),

exomphalos(n

=9),

megacystic(n

=4),and

limb

reduction

(n

=

1)

were

diagnosed.所有的无脑畸形（n=4）、脑膨出（n=2）、脐疝（n=9）、巨膀胱（n=4）和短肢缺陷（n=1）都被诊断出来。SOURCE: Fetal

Diagn

Ther

2018

Jul;

1-8.06.

hydrocephalus

['haɪdrə'sɛfələs]

脑积水hydr/o(water,

fluid)

cephal/o(head)Patients

in

whom

signs

of

increased

intracranial

pressure

arebecause

ofhydrocephalus

should

be

considered

for

ventriculardrainage.对于由脑积水引起颅内压增高征的病人应考虑脑室引流。来自梁平教授07.

leptomeningeal[leptəumə'nɪndʒɪəl]软脑膜lept/o(thin,

slender)

mening/o(meninges)-eal(pertaining

to)Evidence

for

intrathecal

sodium

butyrate

as

a

novel

option

forleptomeningeal

metastasis.鞘内注射丁酸钠可用于软脑膜转移治疗的证据。SOURCE:

JNeurooncol

2018

Aug;139

(1):43-50.08.

meningeal

[mi'nindʒiəl]脑膜的Subarachnoid

haemorrhage

may

simulate

meningitis

because

it

leadstomeningeal

irritation.蛛网膜下腔出血因可引起脑膜刺激征而可与脑膜炎相似。来自梁平教授09.

meningitis

['mɛnɪn'dʒaɪtɪs]脑膜炎It

isadvisable

to

admit

a

child,

to

hospital

after

a

first

epilepticseizurein

order

to

exclude

the

diagnosis

ofmeningitis.在第一次癫痫发作后，为了排除脑膜炎的诊断，将患儿收进医院是适当的。来自梁平教授10.meningioma[məˌnɪndʒi'omə]脑膜瘤，脊膜瘤Treatment

withradiationwas

associatedwitha

greaterthan6-foldincreased

risk

of

subsequent

glioma

and

a

nearly

10-fold

increasedriskof

subsequent

meningioma.放疗和治疗可能增加6倍多患神经胶质瘤和近10倍的脑膜瘤的患病风险。SOURCE:

Journal

of

the

National

Cancer

Institute,

November

1,

2006.Terminology

Reviewcerebral

death

脑死亡cerebral

angiography

脑血管造影术encephalitis

[ɛnˌsɛfə'laɪtəs]

脑炎encephalopathy

[ɛnˌsɛfə'lɑpəθi]

脑病anencephaly

[ˌænen'sefəli]

无脑畸形Terminology

Reviewhydrocephalus

['haɪdrə'sɛfələs]脑积水leptomeningeal

[leptəumə'nɪndʒɪəl]软脑膜meningeal

[mi'nindʒiəl]脑膜的meningitis

['mɛnɪn'dʒaɪtɪs]脑膜炎10.meningioma

[məˌnɪndʒi'omə]脑膜瘤，脊膜瘤神经系统高频词汇 第三课01.myelomeningocele[ˌmaiələuˌmenin'ɡəusi:l]

脊髓脊膜突出myel/o(spinal

cord) -cele(hernia)Childrenwith

myelomeningocele

do

not

exhibitnormal

remodeling

oftibiaroundness

with

physical

development.脊髓脊膜膨出的儿童在体格发育过程中没有表现出正常的胫骨圆形重塑。SOURCE:

Bone

2018

Sep;114

292-297.02.poliomyelitis[ˌpolɪo,maɪə'laɪtɪs]

脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症polio-(gray

matter)myel/o(spinal

cord,

bone

marrow)Diseaseprocesses

thateither

weaken

the

muscles—suchas

poliomyelitis,

or

decrease

the

expansibilityof

the

lungs—such

astuberculosis—candecrease

the

vital

capacity.减弱肌肉力量的疾病如脊髓灰质炎，或降低肺的扩展性的疾病如肺结核，均可减低肺活量。来自梁平教授03.myelopathy

[ˌmaiə'lɔpəθi]

脊髓病A

number

of

clinical

tools

existfor

measuring

the

severity

ofcervicalspondylotic

myelopathy

(CSM).临床上有许多可应用于测量脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）的严重程度的工具。SOURCE:

JNeurosurg

Sci

2018

Aug;62

(4):406-412.04.myelitis

[ˌmaɪə'laɪtɪs]脊髓炎Transverse

myelitis(TM)

is

an

acuteinflammatory

spinalcordinjury.横贯性脊髓炎（TM）是一种急性炎症性脊髓损伤。SOURCE:

Dev

Neurorehabil2018

Aug;21

(6):402-407.05.syringomyelia[sɪˌrɪŋgə(ʊ)maɪ'iːlɪə]脊髓空洞症syring/o(tube) -ia(condition)Headtremor

as

a

warning

symptom

ofrapidly

progressivesyringomyelia:

acasereport.头部震颤可作为快速进展性脊髓空洞症的警告症状：一份病例报告。SOURCE:

Neurol

Sci

2018

Aug;39

(8):1497-1499.06.

acute

inflammatory

demyelinating

polyneuropathy[ˌpɒlɪnjʊə'rɒpəθɪ]

急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病de-(lack

of,

get

ridof) poly-(many)The

ulnar

ratio

as

a

sensitive

and

specific

marker

ofacuteinflammatory

demyelinating

polyneuropathy.尺骨比率可作为急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的具有敏感性和特异性的标志物。SOURCE:

Clin

Neurophysiol

2018

Aug;129

(8):1699-1703.07.

myoneural[ˌmaɪəʊ'njʊərəl]肌神经的my/o(muscle)

neur/o(nerve)To

addressthisshortcoming,

we

present

an

agonist-antagonistmyoneural

interface

(AMI).为了解决这个缺点，我们提出了一种在肌神经界面的激动剂-拮抗剂（AMI）。SOURCE:

Sci

Transl

Med

2018

May;10

(443)08.

myasthenia

gravis[ˌmaɪəs'θinɪə][ɡ'reɪvɪs]

重症肌无力-asthenia(lack

of

strength)Clinical

outcome

and

predictive

factors

ofpostoperative

myastheniccrisis

in

173

thymomatousmyasthenia

gravis

patients:methodological

issues.173例胸腺瘤性重症肌无力患者术后肌无力危象的临床结果及预测因素：方法学问题。SOURCE:

Int

J

Neurosci

2018

Sep;128(9):891.09.myopathy

[maɪ'ɑpəθi]肌病Proximal

limb

girdle

myopathy.肩胛与骨盆带近端肌群的肌病。来自梁平教授10.

amyotrophic

lateralsclerosis[eimaiə'trɔfik]

['lætərəl] [sklə'rosɪs]肌萎缩侧索硬化a-(no) -trophic(pertaining

to

development)later/o(side) -sclerosis(hardening)Cord

cross-sectional

area

at

foramen

magnum

as

a

correlate

ofdisability

in

amyotrophic

lateral

sclerosis.枕骨大孔的脐带横截面积与肌萎缩侧索硬化症的残疾程度呈相关关系。SOURCE:Eur

Radiol

Exp

2018

Dec;2

13.Terminology

Reviewmyelomeningocele

[ˌmaiələuˌmenin'ɡəusi:l]

脊髓脊膜突出poliomyelitis

[ˌpolɪo,maɪə'laɪtɪs]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症myelopathy

[ˌmaiə'lɔpəθi]

脊髓病myelitis

[ˌmaɪə'laɪtɪs]脊髓炎syringomyelia

[sɪ,rɪŋgə(ʊ)maɪ'iːlɪə]脊髓空洞症Terminology

Reviewacute

inflammatory

demyelinating

polyneuropathy[ˌpɒlɪnjʊə'rɒpəθɪ]

急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病myoneural

[ˌmaɪəʊ'njʊərəl]肌神经的myasthenia

gravis

[ˌmaɪəs'θinɪə][ɡ'reɪvɪs]

重症肌无力myopathy

[maɪˌɑpəθi]肌病10.

amyotrophiclateral

sclerosis[eimaiə'trɔfik]

['lætərəl] [sklə'rosɪs]肌萎缩侧索硬化神经系统高频词汇 第四课01.

multiple

sclerosis['mʌltəpl] [skliə'rosɪs]

多发性硬化Association

ofLimb-Girdle

muscular

dystrophy

with

multiplesclerosis:

A

case

report.肢带型肌营养不良症与多发性硬化症的关系：一例病例报告。SOURCE:

CaspianJInternMed2018;9(1):96-99.02.

hyperpathia

[ˌhaɪpə'pæθɪə]痛觉过敏hyper(excessive)

Path/o(disease)-ia(condition)Hyperpathia:

"to

be

or

not

to

be:

that

isthe

question".痛觉过敏：“生存还是毁灭：这是个问题”。SOURCE:Pain2018

Jun;159

(6):1005-1009.03.

neurology

[nʊ'rɑlədʒi]

神经病学neur/o(nerve) -logy(process

ofstudy)She

presented

the

data

here

atthe

American

Academyof

Neurology's64th

Annual

Meeting.在美国第64届神经病学年会上，她发表了上述观点。SOURCE:【medical-news】Eye

Tremors

May

Be

Early

Indicator

of

Parkinson's04.

neuropathy

[nʊ'rɑpəθi]

神经病，神经病变Sometimes

acute

neuropathy

may

cause

bilateral

dysfunction

ofthevagus

nerves

and

tachycardia

results.有时急性神经病可引起双侧迷走神经功能障碍和引起心动过速。来自梁平教授05.

polyneuritis

[ˌpɑlɪnjʊ'raɪtɪs]

多发性神经炎Leprous

Polyneuritis

Cranialis

Mimicking

Orbital

Apex

Syndrome.类似于眶尖综合征的颅麻风性多发性神经炎。SOURCE:

J

Assoc

Physicians

India.

2015

Apr;63(4):91.06.

radiculopathy

[ræ'dɪkjʊloʊpəθɪ]

神经根病radicul/o(nerve

root)Group

A

included

55

patients

with

radiologically

confirmed

single-leveldisc

herniation

with

back

pain

and

radiculopathy.A组包括55例由放射学证实的伴有背痛和神经根病的单层椎间盘突出症。SOURCE:

World

Neurosurg

2018

Aug;116

e500-e504.07.

analgesia

['ænl'dʒiʒə]

痛觉缺失an(without,

no)-algesia(excessive

sensitivity

to

pain)Naturally,

whennomorphineis

present

at

thereceptorsite,no

analgesia

isobtained.当然，在受体部位无吗啡存在时，就没有镇痛作用产生。来自梁平教授08.

hypalgesia

[ˌhipæl'dʒi:ziə]痛觉减退hypo-(deficient,

below,

less

than

normal)She

had

negative

tendon

reflex,bilateral

Babinski

signs,

hypalgesia,and

numbness

in

all

limbs.她有负肌腱反射、双侧Babinski征阳性、痛觉减退和所有肢体麻木等体征。SOURCE:

Medicine

(Baltimore)

2018

Mar;97(9):e9824.09.

hyperalgesia

[ˌhaipəræl'dʒi:ziə]痛觉过敏Over

12weeks

post-surgery,animals

displayedthemechanical,heat,andcold

hyperalgesia

along

with

decreased

burrowing

and

rearing.术后12多个星期过去了，动物们表现出机械性、热和冷的痛觉过敏以及穴居和饲养的次数减少。SOURCE:

J

Cell

Physiol

2018

Oct;233

(10):6589-6602.10.

neuralgia

[nʊ'rældʒə]神经痛-algia(pain)Dr.

Mark

Obermann

and

colleagues

at

the

University

of

Duisburg-Essen

assessed

the

efficacyof

pregabalin

(150-600

mg

daily)

in

53patientswith

trigeminal

neuralgia

(14

with

concomitantchronic

facialpain).（这是）杜伊斯堡大学的MarkObermann博士及其合作者评估了普加巴林（150－600mg/d）在治疗53名三叉神经痛患者（其中14名伴有慢性面部疼痛）上的效果。SOURCE:

ephalalgia

2008;28:174-181.Terminology

Reviewmultiple

sclerosis

['mʌltəpl]

[skliə'rosɪs]多发性硬化hyperpathia

[ˌhaɪpə'pæθɪə]痛觉过敏neurology

[nʊ'rɑlədʒi]

神经病学neuropathy

[nʊ'rɑpəθi]神经病，神经病变polyneuritis

[ˌpɑlɪnjʊ'raɪtɪs]多发性神经炎Terminology

Reviewradiculopathy

[ræ'dɪkjʊloʊpəθɪ]神经根病analgesia

['ænl'dʒiʒə]痛觉缺失hypalgesia

[ˌhipæl'dʒi:ziə]痛觉减退hyperalgesia

[ˌhaipəræl'dʒi:ziə]痛觉过敏10.neuralgia

[nʊ'rældʒə]神经痛神经系统高频词汇 第五课01.

cephalgia

[se'fældʒiə]头痛cephal/o(head)Subarachnoid

haemorrhage

with

orgasmic

cephalgia.蛛网膜下腔出血伴高潮头痛SOURCE:

BMJ

Case

Rep.

2013

Apr

29;2013.02.

causalgia

[kɔ:'zældʒiə]灼痛caus/o(burning)From

Mitchell's

causalgia

to

complex

regional

pain

syndromes:

150years

ofdefinitions

and

theories.从米切尔的灼痛到复杂的区域性疼痛综合症：150年的定义和理论。SOURCE:

ClinExp

Rheumatol

2015Jan-Feb

(1Suppl88):S7-1303.

anesthesia

[ˌænəs'θiʒə]麻醉，麻木（等于anaesthesia）-esthesia(feeling,

nervous

sensation)Bothtypes

of

administration

are

called

inhalation

anesthesia.这两种给药法都称为吸入麻醉。来自梁平教授04.

hyperesthesia

[ˌhaɪpərɛs'θiʒə]感觉过敏Second-degree

burn—epidermal

and

dermal

lesions,

erythema,blisters,

and

hyperesthesia.二类烧伤——表皮皮肤损伤、红斑、触痛有水泡。来自梁平教授05.dysesthesia

[ˌdisəs'θezjə]感觉迟钝Early

evoked

pain

or

dysesthesia

isa

predictor

ofcentral

poststrokepain.早期诱发性疼痛或感觉障碍是中风后中枢性疼痛的预测指标。SOURCE:

Pain.

2014

Dec;155(12):2699-706.06.dyslexia[dɪs'lɛksɪə]阅读障碍lex/o(word,

phrase)Johannes

Ziegler

ofthe

Universite

de

Provence

in

Marseille,

France,was

the

lead

author

on

a

studyof

dyslexia

and

auditorynoise

publishedthis

year

in

Proceedings

ofthe

National

Academy

ofSciences.法国马赛Universite

de

Provence的Johannes

Ziegler，是今年发表在国家科学院会议的一项关于‘诵读困难和听觉噪音’研究的第一作者。SOURCE:【medical-news】New

dyslexia

theory

blames

'noise'.07.

paresthesia

[ˌpærəs'θi:ʒə]感觉异常par-(abnormal)The

most

commonly

observed

adverse

events,

all

mild

and

transient,were

headache,

paresthesia,

upper

respiratory

infection,

dry

mouth,nasopharyngitis,and

constipation.在观察期间，服药个体常出现的轻度一过性的不良反应包括头痛、感觉异常、上呼吸道感染、口干、鼻咽炎、便秘等。SOURCE:【medical-news】ADA

2009:

NewWeight-Loss

Drug

StopsProgression

Toward

Type

2

Diabetes08.

hyperkinesis

[ˌhaɪpəkɪ'nɪsɪs]

运动机能亢进-kinesis(movement)An

electrocardiogram

revealed

ST-segment

elevation,

andechocardiography

showed

akinesis

in

the

left

ventricular

apex

withhyperkinesis

of

thebase.心电图显示ST段抬高，超声心动图显示左心室顶点的运动障碍并伴有基础运动过度。SOURCE:

Intern

Med2018

Jun;57

(11):1605-1609.09.

bradykinesia

[ˌbrædiki'ni:ʒə]运动迟缓brady-(slow)

-kinesia(movement)The

clinical

diagnosis

ofParkinson'sdisease

(PD)

is

establishedthrough

clinical

signs

such

as

bradykinesia,

rigidity,

and

restingtremor.帕金森病（PD）的临床诊断包括通过运动迟缓、僵硬和静止性震颤等临床症状。SOURCE:

J

Clin

Neurosci

2018

Aug;54

63-68.10.

dyskinesia

[ˌdiskai'ni:ziə]

运动障碍Adenosine

A2A

Receptors

And

L-DOPA-Induced

Dyskinesia.阿糖腺苷A2A受体与左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍.SOURCE:【medical-news】Adenosine

A2A

Receptors

And

L-DOPA-InducedDyskinesia.Terminology

Reviewcephalgia

[sep'hældʒiə]头痛causalgia

[kɔ:'zældʒiə]灼痛anesthesia

[ˌænəs'θiʒə]麻醉，麻木hyperesthesia

[ˌhaɪpərɛs'θiʒə]感觉过敏dysesthesia

[ˌdisəs'θezjə]感觉迟钝Terminology

Reviewdyslexia

[dɪs'lɛksɪə]阅读障碍paresthesia

[ˌpærəs'θi:ʒə]感觉异常hyperkinesis

[ˌhaɪpəkɪ'nɪsɪs]运动机能亢进bradykinesia

[ˌbrædiki'ni:ʒə]运动迟缓10.dyskinesia

[ˌdiskai'ni:ziə]运动障碍神经系统高频词汇 第六课01.akinesia[ˌekɪ'nisɪə]运动不能HP

produced

a

full

blowncatalepsy,

akinesia

and

asignificantimpairment

in

locomotion

and

antioxidant

status.氟哌啶醇产生了全面的强直性昏厥、运动不能以及运动和抗氧化状态的显着损害。(HP:haloperidol,氟哌啶醇)SOURCE:

Metab

BrainDis

2018

Aug;33

(4):1045-1051.02.

epilepsy

['ɛpə'lɛpsi]

癫痫-lepsy(seizure)Epilepsy

partialscontinua部分性癫痫持续发作来自梁平教授03.

narcolepsy

['nɑrkolɛpsi]

发作性睡病narc/o(numbness,

sleep)Of

those

adultswho

have

heard

of

narcolepsy,

only7%

considerthemselves"very

or

extremely

knowledgeable"

about

the

disorder.听说过嗜睡症的成人中，仅7%认为自己“很了解或非常了解”该病。SOURCE:【medical-news】DUBLIN,

June

11,

201204.

aphasia

[ə'feʒɪə]失语症-phasia(speech)In

dominant

hemisphere

lesions,

aphasia

often

occurs,

thecharacteristics

of

whichvary

accordingtotheextent

of

thelesion.优势半球病变经常发生失语，其特点随病变的范围而有所变动。来自梁平教授05.apraxia

[e'præksɪə]失用症，运用不能症-praxia(action)Apraxia:

isthe

inabilityto

perform

certain

voluntary

movements.失用症：指失去完成某些随意运动的能力。来自梁平教授06.ataxia

[ə'tæksɪə]共济失调tax/o(order,

coordination)Wernicke

Encephalopathy:

Anacute

orsubacute

syndromepresenting

characteristically

with

confusion,

ophthalmoplegia,

andataxia.韦尼克脑病:特征性表现为精神混乱、眼肌麻痹和共济失调的急性或亚急性综合征。来自梁平教授07.

hemiparesis

[hemi'pærisis]轻偏瘫hemi-(half) -paresis(weakness)Hemiparesis,

aphasia,or

some

other

evidence

offocal

neurologicdysfunctionisoften

present.又常出现偏轻瘫、失语或某些其他的局限性神经系功能障碍的迹象。来自梁平教授08.hemiplegia[ˌhɛmɪ'plidʒɪə]偏瘫,半身麻痹-plegia(paralysis)In

either

case

the

lesion

is

on

the

side

opposite

the

hemiplegia.不论是哪一种情况，病变部位都是在偏瘫的对侧。来自梁平教授09.

quadriplegia

[ˌkwɔdrə'pli:dʒiə]四肢瘫痪quadri-(four)Magnetic

resonance

imaging

ofthe

upper

airway

in

patients

withquadriplegiaand

obstructivesleep

apnea.患有四肢瘫痪和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患者的上气道的磁共振成像。SOURCE:

J

Sleep

Res

2018

Aug;27

(4):

e12616.10.

monoplegia

[ˌmɑnə'plidʒɪə]单瘫，局部麻痹mon/o(one,

single)Monoplegia

after

combined

spinal

epidural

anesthesia.腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉后发生的单瘫SOURCE:

Agri.

2013;25(4):183-6.

doi:

10.5505/agri.2013.48568.Terminology

Reviewakinesia

[ˌekɪ'nisɪə]运动不能epilepsy

['ɛpə'lɛpsi]

癫痫narcolepsy

['nɑrkolɛpsi]

发作性睡病aphasia

[ə'feʒɪə]失语症apraxia

[e'præksɪə]失用症，运用不能症Terminology

Reviewataxia

[ə'tæksɪə]共济失调hemiparesis

[hemi'pærisis]轻偏瘫hemiplegia

[ˌhɛmɪ'plidʒɪə]偏瘫,半身麻痹quadriplegia

[ˌkwɔdrə'pli:dʒiə]四肢瘫痪10.monoplegia

[ˌmɑnə'plidʒɪə]单瘫，局部麻痹神经系统高频词汇 第七课01.

intrathecal

chemotherapy

[ɪntrə'θi:kl]

鞘内注射化疗thec/o(sheath) chem/o(drug,

chemical)-therapy(treatment)Efficacy

of

intrathecal

chemotherapy

in

patients

with

central

nervoussystem

involvement

of

hematological

malignancies:

a

retrospectiveanalysis.鞘内化疗对中枢神经系统血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的疗效：一项回顾性分析SOURCE:

JNeurooncol

2018

Aug;139

(1):117-12302.thalamic

[θə'læmɪk]

丘脑的thalam/o(thalamus)MRI

analysis

suggestsa

potential

influence

of

FCD

on

thalamicvolume.MRI分析表明局灶性皮质发育不良对丘脑体积具有潜在影响。（

FCD：Focal

cortical

dysplasia，局灶性皮质发育不良）SOURCE:

Brain

Res

2018

Sep;1694

38-45.03.

comatose

['komətos]昏迷的comat/o(deep

sleep--coma)-ose(pertaining

to,

full

of)Patients

with

intracranial

neoplasma

may

be

alert,comatose,or

atany

level

ofconsciousness

in

between.颅内肿瘤的患者的意识状态可呈觉醒、昏迷或介于两者之间。来自梁平教授04.

syncopal['siŋkəpəl]

晕厥的syncop/o(to

cut

off,

cutshort)Five

years

afterthesurgery,

heunderwent

defibrillationbecauseoftheincidence

ofsyncopal

attack.手术后第五年，由于晕厥发作，他接受了除颤。SOURCE:

AurisNasus

Larynx2018

Aug;45

(4):890-893.05.

Alzheimerdisease['ælz'ɛmɚ]阿尔茨海默病，老年痴呆症Phosphodiesterase-9

(PDE9)

is

a

promising

target

for

treatment

ofAlzheimer's

disease(AD).磷酸二酯酶-9（PDE9）是有希望治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的靶标之一。SOURCE:

JEnzymeInhibMedChem2018Dec;33

(1):260-270.06.

Huntington

disease

['hʌntiŋtən]亨廷顿舞蹈病The

visual

cortex

and

visual

cognition

in

Huntington's

disease:

Anoverview

of

current

literature.亨廷顿舞蹈病的视觉皮层和视觉认知：当前文献的综述。SOURCE:

Behav

Brain

Res

2018

Oct;351

63-74.07.

palsy['pɔlzi]

中风、麻痹No

muscle

atrophy

is

seen

in

pure

pseudobulbar

palsy.纯粹的假性球麻痹无肌肉委缩。来自梁平教授08.

Parkinson

disease

['pa:kinsən]

帕金森病Being

in

control

of

Parkinson's

disease:

A

qualitative

study

ofcommunity-dwelling

patients'

coping

with

changes

in

care.控制帕金森病：对社区居民患者应对护理变化的定性研究。SOURCE:

EurJGenPract

2018Dec;24(1):138-145.09.

Tourette

syndrome委瑞症、Gilles

de

la

tourette综合征、抽动秽语综合征The

Gilles

de

la

Tourette

syndrome

(or

Tourette'ssyndrome)

has

aprevalence

of1%

ofchildren

with

a

wide

range

ofseverity

andassociated

comorbidities.Gilles

de

la

Tourette综合征在儿童中的患病率为1％，可伴有严重的合并症。SOURCE:

PractNeurol

2018

Aug;18

(4):262-270.10.

herpes

zoster(shingles)['hɜ:rpi:z]['zɑ:stər]带状疱疹Risk

ofSeriousInfection,

Opportunistic

Infection,

and

Herpes

Zosteramong

Patientswith

Psoriasisin

the

United

Kingdom.英国牛皮癣患者存在严重感染、机会性感染和患带状疱疹的风险。SOURCE:

J

InvestDermatol

2018

Aug;138

(8):1726-1735Terminology

Reviewintrathecal

chemotherapy

[ɪntrə'θi:kl]

鞘内注射化疗thalamic

[θə'læmɪk]丘脑的comatose

['komətos]昏迷的syncopal

['siŋkəpəl]

晕厥的Alzheimer

disease

['ælz'ɛmɚ]阿尔茨海默病，老年痴呆症Terminology

ReviewHuntington

disease

['hʌntiŋtən]亨廷顿舞蹈病palsy

['pɔlzi]

中风、麻痹Parkinson

disease

['pa:kinsən]帕金森病Tourette

syndrome委瑞症、Gilles

de

la

tourette综合征、抽动秽语综合征10.herpes

zoster(shingles)['hɜ:rpi:z]['zɑ:stər]带状疱疹神经系统高频词汇 第八课01.

migraine['maɪɡren]偏头痛There

isan

association

between

migraine

and

the

cyclical

vomiting

ofchildhood,

and

car-sickness.在偏头痛与儿童周期性呕吐、晕车之间存在着关联性。来自梁平教授02.spinabifida

[ˌspainə'baifidə]脊柱裂This

isa

transcript

of

a

scientificconference

on

the

subject

ofprenatalsurgeryfor

spina

bifida.这是一份以脊柱裂产前手术为主题的科学会议的记录。SOURCE:

IrJMedSci2018

Aug;187

(3):713-718.03.

brain

tumor[bren]['tjʊmɚ]脑瘤Parent

reports

of

children's

working

memory,coping,

andemotional/behavioral

adjustment

in

pediatric

brain

tumorpatients:

Apilotstudy.家长报告儿童脑肿瘤患者的工作记忆、应对和情绪/行为调整：一项试点研究。SOURCE:

Child

Neuropsychol2018

Oct;24

(7):959-974.04.brain

edema[bren][i'dimə]

脑水肿-edema(swelling)Toanalyze

the

expression

of

β-catenin

and

N-cadherin

in

large

seriesof

meningioma

cases

and

to

investigate

their

correlation

withperitumoral

brainedema

(PTBE).分析β-catenin和N-cadherin在大型脑膜瘤病例中的表达，探讨这二者与肿瘤周围脑水肿（PTBE）的相关性。SOURCE:

Int

JNeurosci

2018Sep;128

(9):805-810.05.aneurysm['ænjərɪzəm]动脉瘤In

these

procedures

a

radiopaque

dye

is

injected

into

a

vein

or

artery,X-ray

photographs

will

then

show

ifthere

is

a

blockage

oran

aneurysm.在此过程中，不透射线的染色液被注入静脉或动脉，X光照片就能显示血管中是否存在阻塞或有动脉瘤的存在。来自梁平教授06.

arteriovenousmalformation[ɑrˌtɪrɪo'vinəs]['mælfɔr'meʃən]动静脉畸形arteri/o(artery)-ous(pertainingto)ven/o(vein)mal-(bad,

wrong)Cerebral

arteriovenous

malformation

draining

vein

stenosis

isassociatedwith

atherosclerotic

risk

factors.脑动静脉畸形引流静脉狭窄与动脉粥样硬化危险因素有关。SOURCE:J

Neurointerv

Surg

2018

Aug;10

(8):788-790.07.

carotid

cavernous

fistula

(CCF)[kə'rɑtɪd]['kævɚnəs]['fɪstʃələ]颈动脉海绵窦瘘Post-traumatic

rightcarotid-cavernous

fistula

resulting

in

symptomsin

the

contralateral

eye:a

case

reportand

literature

review.创伤后右颈动脉-海绵窦瘘导致对侧眼症状：一份病例报告和文献综述。SOURCE:

BMC

Ophthalmol

2018

Jul;18(1):183.08.

facial

spasm

['spæzəm]面肌痉挛faci/o(face) -spasm(sudden

contraction)Bilateral

Facial

SpasmFollowing

Guillain-BarréSyndrome.患上格林-巴利综合征后发生的双侧面部痉挛。SOURCE:

Tremor

Other

Hyperkinet

Mov

(N

Y)

2018

;8

476.09.

subdural

hematoma

硬膜下血肿sub-(under,

below) dur/o(dura

matter)hemat/o(blood) -oma(tumor

ormass)Middle

meningeal

artery

embolization

for

chronic

subduralhematoma:

Endovascular

technique

and

radiographic

findings.中脑膜动脉栓塞用于治疗慢性硬膜下血肿：血管内技术和影像学表现。SOURCE:

Interv

Neuroradiol2018

Aug;24

(4): 455-462.10.epiduralhematoma

['ɛpə'djʊrəl][ˌhɛmə'tomɚ]硬膜外血肿epi-(above)Recurrent

spontaneous

cervical

epiduralhematoma

in

a

parturient11

hours

after

vaginal

delivery

without

labor

epidural

analgesia.在没有硬膜外镇痛的阴道分娩后11小时内，产妇发生复发性自发性颈部硬膜外血肿。SOURCE:

Int

J

Obstet

Anesth

2018

Aug;35

108-109.Terminology

Reviewmigraine

['maɪɡren]偏头痛spina

bifida

[ˌspainə'baifidə]脊柱裂brain

tumor

[bren]['tjʊmɚ]脑瘤brain

edema

[bren][i'dimə]脑水肿aneurysm

['ænjərɪzəm]动脉瘤Terminology

Reviewarteriovenous

malformation[ɑrˌtɪrɪo'vinəs]['mælfɔr'meʃən]

动静脉畸形carotid

cavernous

fistula

(CCF)[kə'rɑtɪd]['kævɚnəs]['fɪstʃələ]颈动脉海绵窦瘘facial

spasm

['spæzəm]面肌痉挛subdural

hematoma

硬膜下血肿