河北省徐水综合高中2025届高考英语四模试卷含解析2_第1页
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河北省徐水综合高中2025届高考英语四模试卷注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.—Ihavebeenconsideringcancellingtheprojectbecauseitseemshardtogofarther.—Butit'stooearlyto________now.There'sstillmuchhope.A.pickupthepieces B.throwinthetowelC.gothroughyourpaces D.jumpdownyourthroat2.Theinnerstrengthofthegirlallowsher_____goingwhenshegetsintotrouble.A.keepB.keepingC.tokeepD.kept3.Everythingwasplacedexactly________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A.theplacewhere B.whenC.where D.inwhich4.—Congratulations!Ihearyou’vewonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.—You_____bemistaken.I’minthedanceclass.A.must B.may C.should D.could5.MsAliceisconsidereda

ladybyus,forsheoftenhelpsthepoorshemetwith.A.selfish B.hopefulC.mean D.generous6.Theonlineword“selfie”isgaining______andmoreandmorepeopletendtouseitnowadays.A.accessB.admissionC.controlD.currency7.Notuntiltheyleftschool________howmuchtheirteacherslovedthemandhelpedthem.A.theyrealized B.didtheyrealizedC.thewouldrealized D.hadtheyrealized8.--TurnofftheTV,Jack._______yourhomeworknow?--Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.A.Willyoubedoing B.ShouldyoubedoingC.Shouldn'tyoubedoing D.Couldn’tyoubedoing9.Whenwehaveachancetotravel,wetendto______asmanysightsintothetripaswecan---sevencountriesintendays,forexample.A.squeeze B.sneeze C.subscribe D.substitute10.________inthelastexamination,shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.A.Tosucceed B.Tohavesucceeded C.Havingsucceeded D.succeeding11.I’veknownSarahfornearlytenyears.She_________oncemycustomer.A.is B.hasbeenC.was D.hadbeen12.Thereasonwhyheadaptedtothenewsituationsquicklyisthathehada________attitude.A.changeableB.stableC.movableD.flexible13.WhatIlovemostaboutreadingnovelsis______theauthorsvividlydescribethecharacters.A.what B.whyC.how D.whom14.Theuseofcomputershasmade______possibleformorepeopletoworkathome.A.it B.that C.which D.what15.________abike,shecycledhome.A.Bought B.Tobuy C.Beingbought D.Havingbought16.Peoplefromallwalksoflifeareeagerforsuccess,_______lackofconfidence,however,isagreatbarrier.A.where B.whichC.towhich D.beyondwhich17.Timeisaprecious________thatisoftentakenforgrantedamongtheyoungpeople.A.commodity B.commission C.component D.constitution18."Wecannotaffordlimitedprogress.Weneedrapidprogress,"BansaidattheThirdWorldClimateConferenceinGeneva,bytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO).A.organized B.beingorganized C.organizing D.wasorganized19.---CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglishhomework?You'reagenius.---__________,butI'lltrytohelpyou.What'syourproblem?A.Farfromit B.SoundsgoodC.Byallmeans D.It'soutofquestion20.—Thebatteryinmycellphoneisrunninglow.—Ithatlastnightbeforewewenttobed.A.wasnoticing B.havenoticed C.wouldnotice D.hadnoticed第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21.(6分)AttheendofthespringsemesterinMay,studentstakingGeorgiaTech’sonlineKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligencecoursereceivedsomesurprisingnews.JillWatson,oneofthenineteachingassistants(TAs)thathadhelpedthemfinishthechallengingcourseforthepastfivemonthswasnota“she”butan“it”—anintelligentrobot!WatsonisthebrainchildofAshokGoel,whoteachesthepopularonlinecourse.TheProfessorofComputerandCognitiveScienceintheSchoolofInteractiveComputingcameupwiththeideaasawaytodealwiththenumberofquestionsposedbystudentsintheonlineforums(论坛).AccordingtoGoel,everytimethecourseisoffered,the300orsostudentsthatenrollpostover10,000questions.Thequestionsareoftenrepetitive.ThisledGoeltowonderifasmartrobotwouldhandlethequestionswhichrequirestandardresponses—thingslikedateswhenassignmentsaredue.HavingworkedwithIBM’sWatsontechnologyplatforminthepast,theprofessorknewitwouldbeidealforhisartificialTA:JillWatson.Theartificialintelligencesystemthatusesnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinelearningtoanalyzelargeamountsofdatahasevenbeenclevererthanhumancompetitorsonthetelevisionshow.Itwouldthereforeeasilybeabletohandleroutinequestionsthatrequiredlittle“thinking”.TheprofessorandhisteamofgraduatestudentsbeganbypopulatingJill’smemorywith40,000questionsandanswersfrompastterms.Thencamethetestingstage.Atfirst,Jillwasnotverygoodandoftengavestrangeanswers.Itoftengotstuckoncertainkeywords.Bytheendofthesemester,JillhadattainedenoughknowledgeandskillstoparticipateinforumswithoutanymanagementfromGoel,ortheotherassistants.1、Whatsurprisedthestudentswhotaketheonlinecourse?A.Thecoursewasinterestingbutchallenging.B.Ateachingassistantwasn’tarealperson.C.JillWatsonisahard-workingTA.D.Theyallfailedtopasstheircourse.2、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ARobotofGeorgiagivesanonlinecourseB.AshokGoelCameupwiththeIdeaofJillWatsonC.JillWatson—OneoftheNineTeachingAssistantsD.GeorgiaTech’sTeachingAssistantTurnOuttoBeaRobot3、WhydidGoeldecidetoinventasmartrobot?A.Anumberofstudentstookhisonlinecourse.B.Asmartrobotisclevererthanahumanbeing.C.Toomanysimilarquestionsaretobedealtwith.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Studentsshoulddealwithroutinequestions.B.Jillismainlyinchargeofpostingsurprisingnews.C.TheTAsgivestudentshomeworkatacertaintime.D.GoelissatisfiedwithJill’spresentperformance.22.(8分)ApplicationWorkshopJoinCitizensCommitteeforNewYorkCityandtheNYCDepartmentofSanitationforaworkshopontheGreenTeamMini-GrantapplicationonFebruary2,whichlastsfrom4:00PMto5:30PM!Theworkshopwillcover·ApplyingfortheGreenTeamMini-Grant·HowtousetheZeroWasteschoolswebsiteCreativeCodingWearehostingafreedesignworkshopjustforgirlsonMarch7from4:30PMto6:00PM,insupportofInternationalWomen’sDay!ThefocusoftheworkshopisonCreativeCoding,withartandtechnology,butwe’llalsohaveafewfemaledesignerstosharetheiruniqueworkwiththeattendees.Noexperiencenecessary,thiseventisforgirlsbetweentheagesof9-12.SAT&ACTRoadmaptoSuccessInthisfree1-hourworkshop,parentswilldiscovertheroadmaptoSAT&ACTsuccess.Topicsincluded:Reviewof“goalscores”forSAT/ACTcollegeadmissions,nationaltrendsincollegeadmissions,howtodeterminewhethertheSATortheACTisthebesttestforyourstudent,stepstopreparefortheSatorACT,besttimetotaketheSatorACT.JoinusonMarch23.SquareSchoolFamilyInformationNightJoinusforourFamilyInformationNightonMarch14!We’llgatheratthefuturehomeforSquareSchoolforanintroductiontotheschoolmodelat6:30pm.Thiseventisintendedforfamilieswithyoungpeopleenteringgradessixorsevenin2019thatwanttobeapartofaschoolcommunitythatattachesimportancetoalifestyleoflearning.JoinusforthisFamilyInformationNighttoseeifSquareSchoolistherightchoiceforyourfamily.1、Whichactivityoffersinformationabouttests?A.CreativeCoding B.SAT&ACTRoadmaptoSuccessC.PublicSchoolGreenTeamMini-Grant D.SquareSchoolFamilyInformationNight2、WhatisspecialaboutCreativeCoding?A.Itisafreeworkshop. B.IttakesplaceinMarch.C.Itishostedbyfemales. D.Itisdesignedforgirls.3、WhomightbeinterestedinFamilyInformationNight?A.Designers. B.Teachers.C.Parents. D.Students.23.(8分)LONDON(Reuters)——Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid,“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(农药),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannot,itislocallygrownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimportedtomeetgrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket."saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.1、MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause________.A.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollutionB.theycangetthefoodanywhereC.theyaregettingricherD.theylikehome-grownfruit2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEtothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesoldinBritain?A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.B.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.C.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.3、Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“theorganictrend”inParagraph2?A.Higherpricesoforganicfood.B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.C.Risingmarketoforganicfood.D.Growinginterestinorganicfood.24.(8分)ColumbusDayhasbeenonAmericancalendarssince1937,whenPresidentFranklinD.RooseveltdeclaredOctober12afederalholidaytohonortheItalianexplorerwho“discovered”theAmericasin1942.However,theholidayhasalwaysbeencontroversial.ManypeoplebelievethatChristopherColumbusshouldnotbegivencreditfor“discovering”thecontinent,sincenativeAmericanshadalreadybeenlivingthereforgenerations.Besides,theexplorer’smissionwasnotascientific“voyageofdiscovery”,butoneintendedtoconquerthenewland.CriticsmaintainthattheSpanisharmyColumbusbroughtonhissecondvoyage,causedthedeathsofhundredsofthousandsofindigenous(土著的)people.Thosethatsurvivedthemassacrebecameslaves,workinginmines.Many,therefore,believethattheexplorer’sarrivalshouldnotbecelebrated.In1977,adelegationofNativenationsattheInternationalConferenceonDiscriminationAgainstIndigenousPopulationsintheAmericas,proposedrenamingtheholidayto“IndigenousPeople’sDay”.Theproposalpassedwithamajority.However,convincingtherestofthecountrytodothesamewasnotthateasy.Ittook15yearsbeforethecityofBerkeleyinCaliforniaadoptedthenamein1992andthen22moreyearsbeforeMinneapolis,MNandSeattle,WAdidthesamein2014.Thefollowingyear,eightmorecitiesincludingAlbuquerque,NMandPortland,OR,begancelebratingthesecondMondayofOctoberas“IndigenousPeople’sDay”.Themovementreallystartedtogainmomentumin2016when19cities,includingBoulder,COandPhoenix,AZ,aswellasthestatesofMinnesotaandVermont,alldecidedtorenamethedaytohonorNativeAmericans.In2017,21morecities,includingAustin,TXandLosAngeles,CAhavemadetheshift.WiththeincreasinglylargernumberofcitiesmovingawayfromColumbusDayeachyear,itwillbeinterestingtoseeif“IndigenousPeople’sDay”getsfederalrecognition.Meanwhile,itwillcontinuetobethefocalpointofdebatesthroughouttheAmericas.1、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.IndigenousPeople’sDayHasGotFederalRecognitionafterYears’WorkB.ColumbusDayHonoringtheItalianExplorerHasAlwaysBeenControversialC.ChristopherColumbusShouldNotBeGivenCreditforDiscoveringAmericasD.MoreCitiesHaveReplacedColumbusDaywithIndigenousPeople’sDay2、Manypeopledon’tagreethat.A.ColumbusdiscoveredthecontinentB.ColumbuswasaremarkableexplorerC.NativeAmericanswereabusedD.ColumbusDayisapublicholiday3、Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.ColumbuswaswellreceivedbyindigenouspeopleB.TheindigenouspeoplehatedtheColumbus’arrivalC.TheSpanisharmyrebelledagainstColumbus’ruleD.FewsoldierssurvivedtheattackbynativeAmericans4、WhichofthefollowingcitiesistheearliesttoreplaceColumbusDaywithIndigenousPeople’sDay?A.PortlandB.PhoenixC.SeattleD.LosAngeles25.(10分)ClaraDalywasseatedonanAlaskaAirlinesflightfromBostontoLosAngeleswhenaflightattendantaskedanurgentquestionovertheloudspeaker:“DoesanyoneonboardknowAmericanSignlanguage?”Sheknewsheneededtohelp.Clara,15atthetime,pressedthecallbutton.Theflightattendantcamebyandexplainedthesituation.“Wehaveapassengerontheplanewho’sblindanddeaf,”shesaid.Thepassengerseemedtowantsomething,buthewastravelingaloneandtheflightattendantscouldn’tunderstandwhatheneeded,accordingtoPEOPLEmagazine.ClarahadbeenstudyingASLforthepastyeartohelpwithherdyslexiaandknewshe’dbeabletofingerspellintotheman’spalm.Sosheunbuckledherseatbelt,walkedtowardthefrontoftheplane,andkneltbytheaisleseatofTimCook,then64.Gentlytakinghishand,shesigned,“Howareyou?AreyouOK/”Cookaskedforsomewater.Whenitarrived,Clarareturnedtoherseat.Shecamebyagainabitlaterbecausehewantedtoknowthetime.Onherthirdvisit,shestoppedandstayedforawhile.“Hedidn’tneedanything.Hewaslonelyandwantedtotalk,”Clarasaid.Soforthenexthour,that’swhattheydid.Shetalkedaboutherfamilyandherplansforthefuture(shewantstobeapolitician).CooktoldClarahowhehadgraduallybecomeblindovertimeandsharedstoriesofhisdaysasatravelingsalesman.Eventhoughhecouldn’tseeher,she“lookedattentivelyathisfacewithsuchkindness,”apassengerreported.“Clarawasamazing.”aflightattendanttoldAlaskaAirlinesinabloginterview.“YoucouldtellTimwasveryexcitedtohavesomeonehecouldspeakto,andshewassuchanangel.“Cook’sreaction:“BesttripI’veeverhad.”Lookingforwaystogivebackyourself?Startwiththisrandomactofkindnessthatcanchangesomeone’sliferightnow.1、Theflightattendantaskedanurgentquestionbecause______________.A.thepassengerwastravelingaloneB.theplanewasinadangeroussituationC.thepassengeraskedforsomethingurgentlyD.Theycouldn’tcommunicatewiththepassenger2、WhydidClaratalkaboutherplansforthefuture?A.Becausetheflightattendantaskedhertodoso.B.BecausesheneededtopicstogoontalkingwithCook.C.BecauseCookexpectedtounderstandteenagersbetter.D.Becauseshewantedtoshowherambitionforthefuture.3、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeClara?A.Kindandcaring. B.Warm-heartedandcautious.C.Generousandamazing. D.Ambitiousandattentive.4、Thepassageismainlywrittento______________.A.tellatouchingstoryofanamazinggirlB.appealtoreaderstolendahandkindlyandrandomlyC.stressthegreatimportanceofAmericanSignLanguageD.showhowconsideratetheflightattendantwastohelpCook第三部分语言知识运用(共两节)第一节(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26.(30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AppealtoEmotion(情感)MychildhoodleftthreemonthsagoonaplanetoAustria.Itwasa1daywhenmybabycousinsmovedaway.Mycousinswereafundamentalpartofmylife;2theywerenotwithme,theywereonmymind.Theybroughtbacktheuntroubleddaysofmychildhood,3games,adventuresandsilliness,buttheyalsohelped4mefromanat-timesselfishteenagerintoaresponsibleadult.MyauntandunclemovedherefromBostonwiththeir1-year-olddaughterYasmeen.TheylivedinanapartmentonthesideofourhouseandIwas5tohaveourfamily,especiallyababygirl,soclosetous.Yasmeenhadclosefriendshipswitheachofmysisters,butIknewtheonethat6betweenuswasthestrongest.Asshebegantowalkonherownandtalkinfullsentences,Irealizedmygreat7uponher.Inoticedthatshe’d8someofmyunpleasantactions,9withhermotherafterIhaddonethesame.Yasmeenmademerealizewhatbeingagood10reallywas.WhenMayawasborn,Yasmeenhadahardtime11.Shewasjealous(妒忌)oftheattentionweallpaidtohernewyoungersister,soIdidmybesttokeephercompanywhenshemighthavenotbeen12.OnceYasmeenovercameherjealousy,shewasableto13Maya’spresence,likewealldid.Itriedtotakeadvantageofourtimestogether,doingmybestto14myscheduleformytwofavoritepeople.My15withYasmeenandMayahastaughtmetheimportanceofinfluentialpeople.IknowthatIhavehelpedYasmeenandMaya16,but“thebabies”havehadanevengreaterinfluenceonmyownlife.Theyhaveshownmehowtobeaparent,asister,achild,andmostimportantly,afriend.Our17hasmademeabetterperson—amorepatientperson,withtheabilityto18endlessquestionsandspilled(洒)juice;an19person,abletohavefunandbehappywithothers;arolemodel,20thebabiesideasaboutrightandwrong,andacompassionateperson,abletoforgiveandlove.1、A.sad B.busy C.fine D.relaxing2、A.until B.before C.when D.unless3、A.against B.through C.besides D.for4、A.lead B.challenge C.mature D.encourage5、A.overjoyed B.embarrassed C.surprised D.afraid6、A.ended B.started C.survived D.developed7、A.pressure B.dependence C.mercy D.influence8、A.doubt B.regret C.copy D.guide9、A.debating B.arguing C.negotiating D.checking10、A.leader B.partner C.friend D.example11、A.sharing B.adjusting C.recognizing D.struggling12、A.noticed B.admired C.comforted D.protected13、A.ignore B.mind C.sense D.enjoy14、A.affect B.accept C.free D.ruin15、A.instruction B.experiment C.experience D.interview16、A.grow B.succeed C.think D.behave17、A.meeting B.relationship C.responsibility D.respect18、A.review B.tolerate C.repeat D.avoid19、A.honest B.independent C.aggressive D.enthusiastic20、A.showing B.writing C.awarding D.permitting第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27.(15分)IwasnineyearsoldwhenIlearnttorideabike.Thebikewasabirthdaypresentfrommyuncle.Youcanimaginehow_1.(excite)IwaswhenIsawthebike,andIbeggedmyuncletoteachmehow____2.____(ride)itrightaway.However,beforeIgotonthebike,Ifelt_____3.____(extreme)nervousandIwasafraidthatIwouldfalloffandhurt_____4.____(me).Myuncleheldontotheseatandhelpedmetoget____5.___thebike.WhileIwasriding,hewasrunningalongbesideme,holdingtheseatsoIwouldnotfallover.Iwasso_____6.____(grate)tohimforhishelp.AsIwaspracticing,Ibecamemoreandmoreconfident.Then,Iheardmyuncleshouting,“Youareridingitbyyourselfnow!”Iwasbothexcitedandscared.Iwasreallyridingbymyself,but_____7.____ifIfelloff?AsIwaswonderingaboutthis,myuncleranaftermeandgotholdofthebike.I____8.___(slow)downandcametoastop.MyheartwasstillbeatingfastwhenIgotoffthebike.____9.____(late)thatday,IfeltlikeIwaswalkingonair!Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetoride____10.____bikeonmyninthbirthday.第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)28.(10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文,文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。LangPing,theheadcoachofChina’snationalwomen’svolleyballteam,arrivedatmyhighschoolinSep17、Atabout9o’clock,alltheSenior3studentgatheredintheschoolstadium,waitingforthearrivalofLangPingandherteam、ThemomentLangsteppedintothestadium,nobodycouldstayseating、WeclappedwildaswesawtheschoolmastertakeLangtohisseat、ThemLangsharesherlifewithusinherspeech、Shesaiditwasfaithandcouragehadledhertohersuccess、AstheSenior3student,Ithinkitwasnotonlyafortunateexperienceforme,butalsoapowerfulone,asLang’swordsgavemestrength、Iwillkeepitinmindwhatshetoldus:Trustingyourselfandfighteverystepofthewaytowin!第二节书面表达(满分25分)29.(25分)假如你是李华,你校的美国交换生Jack打算去昆明旅游,他来信向你询问选择何种交通方式,请你给他写封邮件,简单介绍所选交通方式的优缺点(飞机、火车等),并简述你的建议。注意:1.词数80左右;2.开头已给出,不计入总词数.DearJack,Howbeverythinggoing?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wishyouawonderfulholiday!Yours,LiHua

参考答案第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1、B2、C3、C4、A5、D6、D7、B8、C9、A10、C11、C12、D13、C14、A15、D16、C17、A18、A19、A20、D第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21、A“smartdrug”takenbystudentstoimprovetheirperformancereallydoeswork,scientistshavefound.Thedrugmodafinil(莫达非尼)iscurrentlyusedtotreatsleepdisorder,butitiswidelyusedoff-labelbystudentstohelpthemreviseforexamsorfocusonlongessays.Untilnow,therehasbeenalackofclearevidenceoverwhetheritcanactuallyboostconcentrationandalertness.Butanewanalysisoftheresearchrevealeditdoesimproveplanninganddecisionmaking,flexibility,learningandmemory,andevencreativity.Thefindingsraiseseriousethical(处方的,道德的)questionsaboutwhethermodafinilshouldbe“classified,toleratedorcondemned”,scientistssaid.ProfessorGuyGoodwin,PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegesaid:“It’sthefirstrealexampleofa‘smartdrug’,whichcangenuinelyhelp,forexample,withexampreparation.”Previousethicaldiscussionsaroundsmartdrugsassumedmajoreffectsofthedrugsbeforeitwasclearthattherewereany,headded.Hecontinued“Ifcorrect,thepresentupdatemeanstheethicaldebateisreal:howshouldweclassify,tolerateorcondemnadrugthatimproveshumanperformance?”[Afifthofuniversitystudentsacrossthecountryclaimtohavetakensmartdrugs,

accordingtosurveysbystudentnewspaperTheTab.AndtheuseofmodafinilismostwidespreadatOxfordUniversity,whereaquarterofstudentshavereportedtohaveusedit.Overtheyears,universitieshavediscussedhowbesttorespondtotheuseofsmartdrugs,andsomehavesuggestedOlympic-styledopingtestsforstudentssittingexams.ProfessorGoodwinsaidthereshouldbeasociety-widedebateonhowmodafini

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