阅读理解之科普说明文-2025年新高考英语模拟试题分类汇编（解析版）

2025年新高考最新英语模拟试题优选分类汇编

阅读理解之科普说明文

森赢i

科普说明文是高考的重要话题，也是国家的重要导向。其在英语高考试题中的地位也就不|

言而喻。本资料选取了全国模拟试题中的科普说明文素材进行了汇编，以满足广大师生的需求」

1.（2025•广东省深圳而罗湖区高三上季第一次摸底）Formanyyearsresearchersfocusedonwhatpeopleknow

aboutscience,thinkingthat“Toknowscienceistoloveit."Butdopeoplewhothinktheyknowscienceactuallyknow

science?AnewstudyledbyCristinaFonsecaoftheGeneticsSociety,LaurenceHurstoftheMilnerCentreforEvolution

（进化）revealsthatpeoplewithstrongattitudestendtobelievetheyunderstandscience,whileneutrals（中立者）areless

certain.Absoluteattitudes,bothforandagainst,buildonhighself-confidenceinknowledgeaboutscience.

Thestudyperformedasurveyofover2,000UKadults,askingthembothabouttheirattitudestoscienceandtheir

beliefintheirownunderstanding.Questionsfocusedongenetic（基因的）science,forexample,66Howwouldyourateyour

understandingofwhatthetermDNAmeans?^^Allindividualswerescoredfromzero（theyknowtheyhaveno

understanding）toone（theyareconfidentthattheyunderstand）.Theresultssuggestthatthoseattheattitudinalextremes——

bothstronglysupportiveandfirmlyopposing-haveveryhighself-beliefintheirowncomprehension,whilethose

answeringneutrallydonot.

Psychologically,theteamsuggests,thismakessense:toholdastrongopinionyouneedtostronglybelieveinthe

correctnessofyourinterpretationofthebasicfacts.Resultsofpreviousstudiesalsoindicatethatthosemoreacceptingof

sciencebothbelievetheyunderstanditandscorewellonthetextbookfact（true/false）questions.Bycontrast,peoplewith

strongnegativeattitudestosciencetendtobeoverconfidentabouttheirlevelofunderstanding.

WhetheritbeclimatechangeorGMfoods,importantsciencecaninspirestrongandopposingattitudes.

Understandinghowtocommunicatesciencerequiresanawarenessofwhypeoplemayholdsuchdifferentattitudestoit.

Whenitwasthoughtthatwhatmatteredmostforscientificliteracywasscientificknowledge,sciencecommunication

focusedonpassinginformationfromscientiststothepublic.However,thisapproachmaynotbesuccessful,andinsome

casescanhaveadverseeffects.Workingtoaddressthegapbetweenwhatpeopleknowandwhattheybelievetheyknow

maybeabetterstrategy.

8.Whatisthenewstudymainlyabout?

A.Anassessmentofpeople'sinterestingenetics.

B.Asurveyofvariousattitudestowardsevolution.

C.Areportofpeople'sgeneralknowledgeofscience.

D.Ananalysisoffactorsonpeople'sbeliefinscience.

9.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousstudiesinparagraph3?

A.Tosupportthefindingsofthestudy.

B.Toclarifytheconceptofconfidence.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofbasicfacts.

D.Tocomparedifferentresearchmethods.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adverse“meaninthelastparagraph?

A.Random.

B.Negative.

C.Indirect.

D.Favorable.

11.Asforsciencecommunication,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Itshouldhelppeopleboostconfidence.

B.Itshouldfocusonscientificknowledge.

C.Itshouldinspirepeopletoscorewellintests.

D.Itshouldemphasizeobjectiveawarenessofoneself.

【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，本文围绕人们对于科学信仰展开，一项研究表明，态度强硬的人倾向于认为自己了解

科学，而态度中立的人对此不太确定。绝对的态度建立在对科学知识的高度自信之上。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thestudyperformedasurveyofover2,000UKadults,askingthembothabouttheir

attitudestoscienceandtheirbeliefintheirownunderstanding.（这项研究对2000多名英国成年人进行了调查，询问他们

对科学的态度和对自己理解的信念）”可知，该研究主要以影响人们科学信仰的因素分析展开。故选D。

9.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Psychologically,theteamsuggests,thismakessense:toholdastrongopinionyouneed

tostronglybelieveinthecorrectnessofyourinterpretationofthebasicfacts.Resultsofpreviousstudiesalsoindicatethat

thosemoreacceptingofsciencebothbelievetheyunderstanditandscorewellonthetextbookfact（true/false）

questions.（该团队认为，从心理学上讲，这是有道理的：要持有强烈的观点，你需要坚信自己对基本事实的解释是

正确的。之前的研究结果也表明，那些更接受科学的人认为他们理解它，并在教科书的事实（正确/错误）问题上获

得高分）”可知，作者提及之前的研究是为了支持这项研究的结果，即，那些态度极端的人——包括强烈支持和坚决

反对一对自己的理解有很高的自信。故选A。

10.词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“However,thisapproachmaynotbesuccessfill（然而，这种方法可能不会成功）”

及“andinsomecasescanhave（在一些情况下可能有）”及“effects（影响）”可知，这种方法不会成功，甚至在一些情况下

会有更消极的影响，划线词adverse和negative意思相近。故选B。

11.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Workingtoaddressthegapbetweenwhatpeopleknowandwhattheybelievethey

knowmaybeabetterstrategy.（努力解决人们知道的和他们认为他们知道的之间的差距可能是一个更好的策略）”可知，

作者认为在科学传播上，应努力解决人们主观上和客观的认知差距，即，应强调客观的自我意识。故选D。

2.（2025•河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）Evolution（进化）canperformextraordinarymakeovers;today's

airbornesongbirdsevolvedfromthewingless,earthbounddinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsome

organismsseemtobeunchanged-inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearly

identicaltoits41O-million-year-oldfossils.

Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssomespecies

unchangedbyselectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizingselection）ratherthanselectingformoreextreme

qualitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directionalselection）.

ButastudypublishedintheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAcontradictsthisidea,showingthatevolution

constantlyfavorsdifferentqualitiesinseeminglyunchanginganimalstoimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelongterm,

though,t6allthatevolutioncancelsoutandleadstonochange,9,saysthestudy'sleadauthor,JamesStroud.

Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedforlizard（蜥蜴）specios;allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.The

researcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard'sheadsize,

leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes（脚趾头）,notingwhichindividualssurvived.Stroud

expectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreservingmoderatequalities.Insteadhesawclearerevidenceof

directionalselection:somelizardswithuniquecharacteristics,suchasstickiertoes,survivedbetter.

“Thestudyoffersagoodexplanationforwhyweseewhatwethinkisstabiliringselection,9,saysTadashiFukami,an

ecologiststudyingevolutionatStanfordUniversity.Manynewqualitiesareevolvingintheshortterm,buttheydon't

provideacrucialadvantageoverthelongterm.Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchangedmaysimplyhavefoundthebest

possiblecombinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappenswhenthelizards5environment

changesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisitthelizards.

8.Whydoestheauthormentionthe<4coelacanthfish“inparagraph1?

A.Todemonstratethepowerofevolution.B.Toaddevidencetonaturalselection.

C.Togiveanexampleofunchangedspecies.D.Toprovespecies*extraordinarymakeovers.

9.What'sthefocusofparagraph2?

A.Unsolvedmysteries.B.Acommonbelief.

C.Asharpcontrast.D.UniqueCharacteristics.

10.HowdidStroudconducthisresearch?

A.Byanalyzinglizardfossils.B.Bytrackingresearchobjects.

C.Byillustratingstabilizingselection.D.Bycategorizingqualitiesoflizards.

11.WhatwillStroudprobablydointhefuture?

A.Maketripstovisitlizardexperts.B.Summarizeaveragefeaturesoflizards.

C.Revealthebestcombinationsofqualities.D.Examinelizardsunderextremeconditions.

【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.D

【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的生物物种进行研究，揭示了这些物种在进化过

程中的选择机制。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Evolution（进化）canperformextraordinarymakeovers;today'sairbornesongbirdsevolved

fromthewingless,earthbounddinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomeorganismsseemtobeunchanged

一inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearlyidenticaltoits41O-million-year-old

fossils.（进化能够产生非凡的变化；今天在空中飞翔的鸣鸟是从数百万年前无翅、陆生的恐龙演化而来的。但有些生

物似乎没有改变——换句话说，它们逃脱了自然选择。现代鱼类腔棘鱼与其4.1亿年前的化石几乎一模一样）”可知，

本段提到腔棘鱼是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故选C项。

9.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnatural

selectionkeepssomespeciesunchangedbyselectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizingselection）ratherthan

selectingformoreextremequalitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directionalselection）」科学家们长期以来一直

想知道这些物种是如何做到这一点的。人们一直认为，自然选择通过选择适中或平均的品质（稳定选择）来保持某

些物种的不变性，而不是选择会导致物种发生变化的更极端的品质（定向选择）。）”可知，本段主要讲述了人们一

直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择，也就是一个共同的信念。故选B项。

10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedforlizard（蜥蜴）specios;allrelativelyunchangedfor

20millionyears.Theresearcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasured

eachlizard'sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes（脚趾头）,notingwhichindividuals

survived.Stroudexpectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreservingmoderatequalities.Insteadhesawclearer

evidenceofdirectionalselection:somelizardswithuniquecharacteristics,suchasstickiertoes,survivedbetter.（斯特劳德

和他的同事研究了蜥蜴物种；所有这些在2000万年间都相对没有变化。研究人员连续三年每六个月捕捉这些种群

中的成员。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、体重和身高，以及粘性脚趾的大小，并记录了哪些个体存活了

下来。斯特劳德原本希望观察到稳定选择在保持中等品质方面的作用o然而，他看到的却是更明确的定向选择证据：

一些具有独特特征的蜥蜴，比如更粘的脚趾，存活率更高）”可知，斯特劳德是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。

故选B项。

11.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchangedmaysimplyhavefoundthebestpossible

combinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappenswhenthelizards'environmentchanges

moredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisitthelizards.（换句话说，保持不变

的物种可能只是找到了在其环境中持久成功的最佳品质组合。那么，当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈的变化时会发生什么

呢？为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，斯特劳德仍在继续探访这些蜥蜴）”可知，接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下检查

蜥蜴。故选D项。

3.（2025•河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）Imaginethis.Youneedanimageofaballoonforawork

presentationandturntoanAItext-to-imagegeneratortocreateasuitableimage.Youentertheprompt（提示词）“red

balloonagainstabluesky“butthegeneratorreturnsanimageofanegginstead.

Whafsgoingon?Thegeneratoryou'reusingmayhavebeen“poisoned”.Whatdoesthismean?Text-to-image

generatorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthatincludemillionsorbillionsofimages.Someofthegeneratorshave

beentrainedbyindiscriminatelyscrapingonlineimages,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomany

copyrightinfringement（侵害）caseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheir

work.

Thisisalsowheretheideaof"poison“comesin.Researcherswhowanttoempowerindividualartistshaverecently

createdatoolnamed“Nightshade“tofightbackagainstunauthorisedimagescraping.Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringan

image'spixels（像素）inawaythatconfusesthecomputervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman?seyes.

IfanorganizationthenscrapesoneoftheseimagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes"poisoned”.Thiscan

resultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthegeneratorreturnunintendedresults.Asinourearlierexample,aballoonmight

becomeanegg.

Thehigherthenumberof“poisoned“imagesinthetrainingdata,thegreatertheimpact.Becauseofhowgenerative

AIworks,thedamagefrom^tpoisoned^^imagesalsoaffectsrelatedpromptkeywords.

Possibly,toolsHkeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload"poisoned“imagesinorderto

confuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade'sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtechcompaniesmorerespectfulof

copyright.Itdoeschallengeacommonbeliefamongcomputerscientiststhatdatafoundonlinecanbeusedforanypurpose

theyseefit.

Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachine

visioninwidersociety.Thisconcernisparticularlyseriousconcerningfacialrecognition.Thereisaclearconnection

betweenfacialrecognitioncasesanddatapoisoning,asbothrelatetolargerquestionsaroundtechnologicalgovernance.It

maybebettertoseedatapoisoningasaninnovativesolutiontothedenialofsomefundamentalhumanrights.

12.Theunderlinedword“scraping”（para.2）isclosestinmeaningto.

A.facilitatingB.collectingC.damagingD.polishing

13.Accordingtothepassage,addingpoisoneddatamight.

A.increasetheaccuracyofreturnedinformation

B.leaduserstoforgetthepromptkeywords

C.causetroubletowiththetrainingofgenerativeAI

D.discriminateagainstgreatmasterpieces

14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Datapoisoningissomehowjustifiedtodirectattentiontohumanrights.

B.Computerscientistshaslearnedtorespectthecopyrightofmostartists.

C.Nightshadeisbeingabusedbyhumanrightsactiviststorecognizefaces.

D.Theissueoftechnologicalgovernancehasarousedthelawyers5interest,

15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.DataPoisoning:GovernmentEmpoweringCitizenstoProtectThemselves

B.DataPoisoning:AddressingFacialRecognitionIssuesAmongArtists

C.DataPoisoning:RisksandRewardsofGenerativeAIDataTraining

D.DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtists

【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种名为“Nightshade”的工具，该工具通过微妙地修改图像的像素来混淆

计算机视觉系统，以此对抗未经授权的图像抓取，保护艺术家的版权，同时引发了对数据中毒现象及其对人工智能

模型训练影响的讨论。

12.词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“Text-to-imagegeneratorsworkbybeingtrainedonlargedatasetsthat

includemillionsorbillionsofimages.（文本到图像生成器是通过在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练

来工作的。）”可知，生成器是通过对大型数据集进行训练来工作的，这些大型数据集包含着数百万或者数十亿图像，

由此推断生成器是通过收集这些数百万或者数十亿图像进行训练来工作的。同时根据第二段划线词后的“...online

images,manyofwhichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringement（侵害）caseswhereartists

haveaccusedbigtechcompaniesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.（.......在线图片，其中许多可能是受版权保护

的，这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家们指责大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利。）”可知，一些生成器

是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像可能是受版权保护的，由此导致艺术家对大型科技公司进

行指责。由此可推理出划线词的含义为“收集”，故选B项。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段"Thetoolworksbyslightlyalteringanimage'spixels（像素）inawaythatconfusesthe

computervisionsystembutleavestheimageunalteredtoahuman,seyes.Ifanorganizationthenscrapesoneofthese

imagestotrainafutureAImodel,itsdatapoolbecomes“poisoned”.Thiscanresultinmistakenlearning,whichmakesthe

generatorreturnunintendedresults.（该工具通过以人类肉眼无法察觉、但能迷惑计算机视觉系统的方式，对图像的像

素进行轻微修改。如果一个组织随后抓取这些图像来训练未来的AI模型，其数据池就会变得“中毒”。这可能导致

错误的学习，使得生成器返回非预期的结果。）”可知，添加“中毒”数据可能干扰生成人工智能的训练，故选C项。

14.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionallyupload

ttpoisoned^^imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade'sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebigtech

companiesmorerespectfulofcopyright.（可能的是，像Nightshade这样的工具可以被一些用户滥用,故意上传“有毒”

图片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权。厂以及最后一段

“Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisionin

widersociety.（例如，人权活动家一直对机器视觉在更广泛社会中的不加选择使用表示关切）”可推理出，数据中毒在

某种程度上将人们的注意力引向人权是有道理的，故选A项。

15.主旨大意题。根据第——段“Youentertheprompt（提示词）"redballoonagainstabluesky"butthegeneratorreturnsan

imageofanegginstead.（你输入了提示词“红色气球对比蓝色天空”，但是生成器返回的却是一张鸡蛋的图片）“可知，

文章提出了“生成器中毒的现象"；第二段“Thegeneratoryou'reusingmayhavebeen"poisoned”.（你正在使用的生成器

可能已经被"毒化"）"以及"Someofthegeneratorshavebeentrainedbyindiscriminatelyscrapingonlineimages,manyof

whichmaybeundercopyright.Thishasledtomanycopyrightinfringementcaseswhereartistshaveaccusedbigtech

companiesofstealingandprofitingfromtheirwork.”（一些生成器是通过不力口选择地抓取在线图像来训|练的，其中许

多图像可能属于版权所有。这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家指控大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利）

不仅阐述了“生成器中毒”的问题，同时还提及了生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像引

发侵犯版权的问题；同时根据倒数第二段“Possibly,toolslikeNightshadecanbeabusedbysomeuserstointentionally

upload"poisoned“imagesinordertoconfuseAIgenerators.ButtheNightshade'sdeveloperhopesthetoolwillmakebig

techcompaniesmorerespectfulofcopyright.（可能的是，像Nightshade这样的工具可以被一些用户滥用，故意上传“有

毒”图片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权。）”以及最后一段

“Humanrightsactivists,forexample,havebeenconcernedforsometimeabouttheindiscriminateuseofmachinevisionin

widersociety.（例如，人权活动家一直对机器视觉在更广泛社会中的不加选择使用表示关切）”可知，此处强调

Nightshade的开发者呼吁该工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重艺术创作者的版权。通读全文，文章主要讲述了人工智

能图像生成器可能受到“毒害”的现象，即由于研究者为了保护艺术家版权而创造的工具Nightshade对图像进行细微

像素修改，从而使得AI在训练时产生错误学习，生成错误的图像结果。这种“毒害”现象导致了许多侵犯艺术家版

权的案件，引起艺术家的不满。由此文章提出质疑：到底该“中毒现象”是给艺术家赋权了还是限制了其创新能力。

D项“DataPoisoning:RestrictingInnovationorEmpoweringArtists（数据中毒：限制创新还是赋权艺术家）”表达的含义

适合用做本文标题，故选D项。

4.（2025•河南省洛阳市第一高级中学高三开学考试）Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,

sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingprotein

structures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren'tclosetomastering:mindreading.

Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,avitalskillthatmeanswecan

predictotherpeople'sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoften

don'tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAisaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife,wehavetogivethemthisgiftthat

evolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople'sminds.

Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferother?smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thisabilitystartsto

developataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecompetenceinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemain

challengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply"it'sraining”,theycan

quicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weather

andhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoappearnaturallyfromone's

ownlearningprocess.

YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryof

mindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresent

knowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAL

Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuilding

moreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtruly

self-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen,butweareonthepathtolearningtothinkabout

ourselves.

12.Whydoestheauthormention“games"and"proteinstructures^^inthefirstparagraph?

A.Tostresshowimportantthescienceis.B.TopromotetheuseofAIindailylife.

C.TopresentAFstheoryofmind.D.TocontrastwithAl'slackofmindreading.

13.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?

A.Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder.

B.Whenamomtellsherkidtoeatthefoodthatisgoodforhealthandheeatsit.

C.Whenateacherasksforaboy'shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.

D.Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply"asorethroat".

14.Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAL

B.Humans9theoryofmindisfarfromperfect.

C.Mindreadingrequireshugeamountsofcontext.

D.Thetheoryofmindisindependentofone'slearningprocess.

15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpected

B.AIwithTheoryofMindWillReshapeOurFuture

C.AFsTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumans

D.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能在模拟人类“读心”能力方面的挑战和前景。虽然AI在棋

类游戏和科学预测方面已超越人类，但缺乏理解他人目标和信念的能力。文章认为，为了让AI在日常生

活中更有用，需要赋予其类似人类的“读心”能力，即理论思维。这不仅是提高AI实用性的关键，也是实

现真正自我意识机器的重要步骤。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.Whenitcomesto

playinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersare

wellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren'tclosetomastering:mindreading.（超人的人工智能已经在我们

身边了。嗯，算是吧。在下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等困难的科学挑战方面，计算机远远领先于我

们。但我们有一个超能力，他们还远没有掌握：读心术）”可知，作者在第一段中提到人工智能擅长游戏和预测蛋白

质结构，也提到它还没有掌握的的读心术，将两者进行对比。由此推知，作者在第一段中提到“游戏”和“蛋白质结

构”是为了与“人工智能缺乏读心术”进行比较。故选Do

13.推理判断题。根据第一段"Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren'tclosetomastering:mindreading.（但我们有一个

他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术）”和第二段"Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefs

ofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople'sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.（人类有一

种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己

的后果）”和第三段的“Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply"it'sraining^^,theycan

quicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.（例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结

论，答案是否定的）”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理和预测能力，需要理论思维能力，而计算机不具备人类所拥

有的读心的能力。对A项“Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder.（当孩子们在伤害自己

后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声）"、C项"Whenateacherasksforaboy'shomeworkandheanswers"mydogate

it”.（当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了和D项"Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfbrdinner

andyoureply“asorethroat”.（你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛的理解都需要运用到思维理论去解释

人们的目标和欲望,这是人工智能无法理解的。只有B项“Whenamomtellsherkidsomefoodisgoodforhealthandthe

kideatsit.（当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃）”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论，人工

智能能很好的理解其意思。故选B。

14.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inhumans,thisabilitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethe

competenceinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneasks

whetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply"it'sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthis

requireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.（在人类中，这种能力在

很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。其中一个主要的挑战是背景。例如，如果

有人问你是否要去跑步，你回答“下雨了”，他们可以很快得出结论，给出否定答案。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气

和人类偏好的背景知识）”可知，理解别人的想法需要大量的背景信息。由此推知，作者会赞成“读心术需要大量的背

景信息”这一观点。故选C。

15.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeory

ofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.Itisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalfor

AIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.（然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有心智理论的机器不仅仅

是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：制造真正具有自我意识的机

器）”可知，文章讨论了人工智能在模拟人类“读心”能力方面的挑战和前景，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机

器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpected（期待人工智有拥有自己

的心智理论）”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。

5.（2025•湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考）Researcherssaythey'veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwave

researchtocastnewlightonamystery-a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.

Welloveracenturyafteritsdiscovery,researchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey'veusedstatisticalmodeling

techniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves-ripplesinspacetimecausedbymajoreventsinthe

universesuchastwoblackholescombining-tosuggestthattheAntikytheramechanismwaslikelyusedtotracktheGreek

lunaryear.Inshort,ifsafascinatingcollisionbetweenmodern-dayscienceandthemysteriesofanancientartifact.

Ina2021paper,researchersfoundthatpreviouslydiscoveredandregularlyspacedholesina"calendarring^^were

markedtodescribethe“motionsofthesun,moon,andallfiveplanetsknowninancientGreeksandhowtheywere

displayedatthefrontasanancientGreekuniverse.^^Now,inanewstudypublishedintheOfficialJournaloftheBritish

HorologicalInstitute,UniversityofGlasgowgravitationalwaveresearcherGrahamWoanandresearchassociateJoseph

Bayleysuggestthattheringwaslikelyperforated（打孔）with354holes,whichhappenstobethenumberofdaysinalunar

year.

Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch,alarge-scalephysicsexperimentdesigned

tomeasureripplesinspacetimemillionsoflight-yearsfromEarthandBayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilityto

quantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata,tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanismusingthepositions

ofthesurvivingholesandtheplacementofthering'ssurvivingsixfragments.

Surprisingly,theinspirationforthestudycamefromaYouTuberChrisBudiselic,whohasbeenattemptingto

physicallyrecreatetheancientmechanismandinvestigatingwaystodeterminejusthowmanyholesitcontained.

"It'saneatsymmetrythatwe'veadaptedtechniquesweusetostudytheuniversetodaytounderstandmoreabouta

mechanismthathelpedpeoplekeeptrackoftheheavensnearlytwomillenniaago,“Woansaid.

“WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupematurallyspectacularthanthose

madebyI