中考英语阅读能力提升讲义-中国传统文化英文积累

英语阅读能力提升讲义——中国传统文化英文积累1.春节（SpringFestival）TheSpringFestivalisthemostsignificanttraditionalfestivalinChina,whichusuallyfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth.Familiesgettogethertohaveareuniondinner.Peoplesetofffirecrackerstodriveawayevilspiritsandwelcomethenewyear.TheyalsopasteSpringFestivalcoupletsonthedoors,expressinggoodwishesforthecomingyear.Theelderswillgiveluckymoneytothechildren.Duringthefestival,peoplevisittheirrelativesandfriendsandpayNewYear'scallstoeachother.（春节是中国最重要的传统节日，通常在农历正月初一。家人团聚共进团圆饭。人们燃放鞭炮以驱邪迎新，还会在门上张贴春联，表达对来年的美好祝愿。长辈会给孩子们压岁钱。节日期间，人们走亲访友，互相拜年。）常考单词：SpringFestival（春节）,familyreunion（家庭团聚）,firecrackers（鞭炮）,SpringFestivalcouplets（春联）,luckymoney（压岁钱）2.元宵节（LanternFestival）TheLanternFestivalisonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth.Peopleeatyuanxiao,whichareglutinousriceballswithvariousfillings,eithersweetorsalty.Theyalsoenjoyviewingbeautifullanternsofdifferentshapesandcolors.Lanternriddlesarehungforpeopletoguess,addingalotoffuntothefestival.（元宵节在农历正月十五。人们吃元宵，元宵是有各种甜咸馅料的糯米球。他们还欣赏各种形状和颜色的美丽花灯。挂出灯谜供人们猜测，为节日增添了许多乐趣。）常考单词：LanternFestival（元宵节）,yuanxiao（元宵）,lantern（花灯）,riddleguessing（猜灯谜）3.清明节（Tomb-SweepingDay）Tomb-SweepingDayusuallyoccursbetweenApril4thand6thintheGregoriancalendar.Itisatimeforpeopletopayrespectstotheirancestorsandsweeptombs.Theygotothecemeteries,cleanthetombstones,andofferfreshflowersandsacrificestoshowtheirremembrance.Atthesametime,itisalsoagoodseasonforspringoutings.（清明节通常在公历4月4日至6日之间。这是人们祭祀祖先和扫墓的时刻。他们前往墓地，清理墓碑，献上鲜花和祭品以表缅怀。同时，这也是春游的好时节。）常考单词：Tomb-SweepingDay（清明节）,ancestor（祖先）,tomb（坟墓）,sacrifice（祭品）,outing（郊游）4.端午节（DragonBoatFestival）TheDragonBoatFestivalisonthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.Peopleeatzongzi,whicharemadeofglutinousriceandfillingswrappedinbambooleaves.Dragonboatracesareheld,whereteamscompetevigorouslyonrivers.Mugwortishungondoorsasitisbelievedtohavethefunctionofwardingoffevilspirits.（端午节在农历五月初五。人们吃粽子，粽子是用糯米和馅料包裹在竹叶中制成的。会举行龙舟比赛，各队伍在江河上激烈竞赛。人们在门上挂艾草，因为人们相信它有驱邪的作用。）常考单词：DragonBoatFestival（端午节）,zongzi（粽子）,dragonboat（龙舟）,mugwort（艾草）5.中秋节（Mid-AutumnFestival）TheMid-AutumnFestivalisonthe15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.Itisafestivaloffamilyreunion.Familymembersgettogethertoadmirethefullmoonandeatmooncakes.Mooncakeshavevariousflavorssuchasredbeanpaste,eggyolk,andfive-kernel.Themoonisregardedasasymbolofreuniononthisnight.（中秋节在农历八月十五。这是一个家庭团聚的节日。家庭成员聚在一起赏月、吃月饼。月饼有豆沙、蛋黄、五仁等各种口味。在这个夜晚，月亮被视为团圆的象征。）常考单词：Mid-AutumnFestival（中秋节）,mooncake（月饼）,moon（月亮）,familyreunion（家庭团聚）6.重阳节（DoubleNinthFestival）TheDoubleNinthFestivalisontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Peoplehavethecustomsofclimbingmountains,admiringchrysanthemumsandwearingdogwood.Climbingmountainsisgoodforphysicalexerciseandenjoyingthebeautifulscenery.Chrysanthemumsareinfullbloominthisseason,anddogwoodisbelievedtohavetheeffectofexpellingevil.Thisfestivalalsoemphasizesrespectingtheelderly.（重阳节在农历九月初九。人们有登高、赏菊和插茱萸的习俗。登高有益于锻炼身体和欣赏美景。菊花在这个季节盛开，茱萸被认为有辟邪的作用。这个节日也强调尊敬老人。）常考单词：DoubleNinthFestival（重阳节）,climbmountains（登高）,chrysanthemum（菊花）,dogwood（茱萸）,respecttheelderly（尊敬老人）7.二十四节气之立春（BeginningofSpring）TheBeginningofSpringisthefirstsolartermamongthe24solarterms,usuallyaroundFebruary3rd-5thintheGregoriancalendar.Itmarksthestartofspring.Theweathergraduallygetswarmerandeverythingcomesbacktolife.Farmersbegintoprepareforspringploughing.（立春是二十四节气中的第一个节气，通常在公历2月3日至5日左右。它标志着春天的开始。天气逐渐变暖，万物复苏。农民们开始准备春耕。）常考单词：BeginningofSpring（立春）,solarterm（节气）,springploughing（春耕）8.二十四节气之立夏（BeginningofSummer）TheBeginningofSummerisaroundMay5th-7thintheGregoriancalendar.Itindicatesthearrivalofsummer.Thetemperaturerisesandthunderstormsbecomemorefrequent.Peoplehavesomeactivitiestowelcomesummer,suchasweighingthemselves.（立夏在公历5月5日至7日左右。它预示着夏天的到来。气温上升，雷雨变得更加频繁。人们有一些迎接夏天的活动，比如称体重。）常考单词：BeginningofSummer（立夏）,thunderstorm（雷雨）9.二十四节气之立秋（BeginningofAutumn）TheBeginningofAutumnusuallyfallsbetweenAugust7thand9thintheGregoriancalendar.Althoughitisstillhotafterthissolarterm,thetemperaturedifferencebetweendayandnightbeginstoincreasegradually.Itisthebeginningofautumnandcropsstarttomature.（立秋通常在公历8月7日至9日之间。虽然立秋后天气仍然炎热，但昼夜温差开始逐渐增大。这是秋天的开始，农作物开始成熟。）常考单词：BeginningofAutumn（立秋）,temperaturedifference（温差）10.二十四节气之立冬（BeginningofWinter）TheBeginningofWinterisaroundNovember7th-8thintheGregoriancalendar.Atthistime,winterbegins.Theweatheriscoldandpeoplestarttopreparefoodandclothingforthewinter.Thereisacustomofeatingdumplings.（立冬在公历11月7日至8日左右。此时冬天开始。天气寒冷，人们开始为过冬准备食物和衣物。有吃饺子的习俗。）常考单词：BeginningofWinter（立冬）,cold（寒冷）11.剪纸（Paper-cutting）Paper-cuttingisatraditionalfolkartinChina.Artistsusescissorsorengravingknivestocutoutvariousexquisitepatternsonpaper,suchasfigures,animals,flowersandsoon.Paper-cuttingsareoftenusedtodecoratewindows,walls,etc.,addingafestiveatmosphere.（剪纸是中国传统民间艺术。艺术家们用剪刀或刻刀在纸上剪出各种精美的图案，如人物、动物、花卉等。剪纸常被用于装饰窗户、墙壁等，增添节日气氛。）常考单词：Paper-cutting（剪纸）,folkart（民间艺术）,pattern（图案）12.京剧（BeijingOpera）BeijingOperaisoneofthequintessencesofChineseculture.Itcombinesvariousperformanceformssuchassinging,speaking,actingandacrobatics.Actorsweargorgeouscostumesanddelicatemake-up,andtellstoriesthroughariasandmovements.TherearedifferentroletypesinBeijingOpera,includingsheng(maleroles),dan(femaleroles),jing(paintedfaceroles)andchou(clownroles).（京剧是中国的国粹之一。它融合了唱、念、做、打等多种表演形式。演员们穿着华丽的服装，化着精致的妆容，通过唱腔和动作讲述故事。京剧有不同的角色行当，包括生（男性角色）、旦（女性角色）、净（花脸角色）和丑（小丑角色）。）常考单词：BeijingOpera（京剧）,nationalessence（国粹）,roletype（角色行当）,aria（唱腔）13.旗袍（Cheongsam）ThecheongsamisafemalegarmentwithChinesecharacteristics.Itisslim-fittingandusuallyhasahighcollarandslitsonbothsidesoftheskirt,whichcanshowtheelegantcurvesofwomen.Thefabricsofcheongsamsarediverseandthepatternsareexquisite,oftenusingembroideryandothertechniques.（旗袍是具有中国特色的女性服装。它修身合体，通常有高领，裙摆两侧开叉，能展现女性优雅的曲线。旗袍的面料多样，图案精美，常采用刺绣等工艺。）常考单词：Cheongsam（旗袍）,elegant（优雅）,embroidery（刺绣）14.书法（Calligraphy）CalligraphyistheartofwritingChinesecharacterswithawritingbrush.TherearemanyfontsinChinesecalligraphy,suchasregularscript,runningscript,cursivescriptandclericalscript.CalligraphersexpressthebeautyandartisticconceptionofChinesecharactersthroughthechangesofthethickness,lengthandcurvatureofstrokes.（书法是用毛笔书写汉字的艺术。中国书法有多种字体，如楷书、行书、草书、隶书等。书法家通过笔画的粗细、长短、曲直等变化来表现汉字的美感和意境。）常考单词：Calligraphy（书法）,writingbrush（毛笔）,font（字体）15.中国画（TraditionalChinesePainting）TraditionalChinesePaintingfocusesonartisticconceptionandcharm.Itoftentakeslandscapes,flowersandbirds,figuresandsoonasthemes.Paintersuseinkandwashtechniquestopaintonricepaperorsilk.TherearetwomainpaintingmethodsinTraditionalChinesePainting:meticulouspaintingandfreehandpainting.（中国画注重意境和神韵。常以山水、花鸟、人物等为题材。画家运用笔墨技巧在宣纸或绢上作画。中国画有工笔和写意两种主要画法。）常考单词：TraditionalChinesePainting（中国画）,artisticconception（意境）,inkandwash（笔墨）,ricepaper（宣纸）16.古筝（GuZheng）TheGuZhengisanancientpluckedinstrumentwith21strings.Ithasabeautifultoneandrichexpressiveness,andcanplaymelodiousmelodies.GuZhengmusicoccupiesanimportantpositionintraditionalChinesemusicandisoftenusedforsolo,ensembleoraccompaniment.（古筝是一种古老的有21根弦的弹拨乐器。它音色优美，表现力丰富，能演奏出悠扬的旋律。古筝音乐在中国传统音乐中占有重要地位，常被用于独奏、合奏或伴奏。）常考单词：GuZheng（古筝）,pluckedinstrument（弹拨乐器）,melody（旋律）17.围棋（Go）GoisanancientboardgamethatoriginatedinChina.Thechessboardhas19verticalandhorizontallines.Blackandwhitepiecesarealternatelyplacedonthechessboard,andthewinnerisdeterminedbysurroundingterritoryandcapturingpieces.Gocantrainpeople'sthinkingabilityandstrategicplanningability.（围棋是一种起源于中国的古老棋类游戏。棋盘有纵横各19条线。黑白棋子在棋盘上交替落子，通过围地和吃子来决定胜负。围棋能锻炼人的思维能力和战略规划能力。）常考单词：Go（围棋）,chessboard（棋盘）,blackandwhitepieces（黑白棋子）18.中国结（ChineseKnot）TheChineseKnotisakindofhandmadedecorativeknotwithvariousshapes,suchasthepan-changknotandtheruyiknot.Itimpliesgoodluckandisoftenusedtodecoratehomes,giftwrapping,etc.,reflectingthegoodwishesintraditionalChineseculture.（中国结是一种手工编织的装饰结，形状多样，如盘长结、如意结等。它寓意吉祥，常被用于装饰家居、礼品包装等，体现了中国传统文化中的美好祝愿。）常考单词：ChineseKnot（中国结）,handicraft（手工）,auspicious（吉祥的）19.茶文化（TeaCulture）Chinaisthehomelandofteaandteaculturehasalonghistory.Peoplehavethehabitsoftastingandbrewingtea.Differenttypesoftea,suchasgreentea,blacktea,oolongteaanddarktea,havedifferentproductionprocessesandtastes.Teasetsarealsoveryparticular,includingteapots,teacups,teatraysandsoon.（中国是茶的故乡，茶文化源远流长。人们有品茶和泡茶的习惯。不同种类的茶，如绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、黑茶等，有不同的制作工艺和口感。茶具也很讲究，包括茶壶、茶杯、茶盘等。）常考单词：TeaCulture（茶文化）,tea（茶）,teaset（茶具）,greentea（绿茶）20.筷子（Chopsticks）ChopsticksarethecommontablewareusedbyChinesepeople.Theyareusuallymadeofbamboo,wood,metalandothermaterials.Usingchopsticksrequirescertainskills.ItreflectstheuniquefeaturesofChinesefoodcultureandalsocontainsthewisdomandetiquetteoftheChinesepeople.（筷子是中国人常用的餐具。通常由竹、木、金属等材料制成。使用筷子需要一定技巧。它体现了中国饮食文化的独特之处，也蕴含着中国人的智慧和礼仪。）常考单词：Chopsticks（筷子）,tableware（餐具）,wisdom（智慧）,etiquette（礼仪）21.皮影戏（ShadowPuppetry）ShadowpuppetryisanancientformoftheaterinChina.Itusesflat,articulatedfiguresmadeofleatherorpapertocreateshadowsonabacklitscreen.Puppeteersmanipulatethepuppetsbehindthescreenwhilenarratingstoriesandaccompaniedbymusic.Thevividmovementsandcolorfuldesignsofthepuppetsbringthestoriestolife.（皮影戏是中国一种古老的戏剧形式。它使用由皮革或纸制成的扁平、可活动的人物形象在背光屏幕上投射出影子。木偶艺人在幕后操纵木偶，同时讲述故事并伴有音乐。木偶生动的动作和多彩的设计使故事栩栩如生。）常考单词：ShadowPuppetry（皮影戏）,puppet（木偶）,backlit（背光的）,narrate（叙述）22.针灸（Acupuncture）AcupunctureisakeycomponentoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Itinvolvesinsertingthinneedlesintospecificpointsonthebodytoregulatetheflowofqiandblood,aimingtotreatvariousdiseasesandrelievepain.Thistherapyhasalonghistoryandiswidelyrecognizedforitseffectivenessinsomehealthconditions.（针灸是中医的一个关键组成部分。它是将细针插入身体特定穴位以调节气血流动，旨在治疗各种疾病和缓解疼痛。这种疗法历史悠久，在某些健康状况下的有效性得到广泛认可。）常考单词：Acupuncture（针灸）,needle（针）,traditionalChinesemedicine（中医）,regulate（调节）23.太极拳（TaiChi）TaiChiisakindoftraditionalChinesemartialart.Itemphasizesslow,gentleandcontinuousmovements,whichcombinephysicalexercisewithmentalconcentrationandbreathingcontrol.PracticingTaiChiisbeneficialforimprovingbalance,flexibilityandoverallhealth.（太极拳是一种中国传统武术。它强调缓慢、柔和且连贯的动作，将身体锻炼与精神专注和呼吸控制相结合。练习太极拳有益于提高平衡能力、灵活性和整体健康。）常考单词：TaiChi（太极拳）,martialart（武术）,movement（动作）,concentration（专注）24.中药（TraditionalChineseMedicineHerbs）TraditionalChinesemedicineherbsarenaturalsubstancesusedintraditionalChinesemedicine.Theyincludeawidevarietyofplants,mineralsandanimalparts.TheseherbsareusuallyprocessedandcombinedinspecificformulastotreatdiseasesandmaintainhealthaccordingtotheprinciplesoftraditionalChinesemedicine.（中药是中医使用的天然物质。它们包括各种各样的植物、矿物和动物部位。这些草药通常经过加工并按特定配方组合，根据中医原理来治疗疾病和维持健康。）常考单词：TraditionalChineseMedicineHerbs（中药）,naturalsubstance（天然物质）,formula（配方）25.四合院（Siheyuan）TheSiheyuanisatraditionalChinesecourtyardhouse.Itistypicallyarectangularenclosurewithbuildingsonallfoursidessurroundingacentralcourtyard.ThelayoutreflectstheconceptoffamilyharmonyandhierarchyintraditionalChineseculture,providingaprivateandcomfortablelivingenvironment.（四合院是一种传统的中国庭院式住宅。它通常是一个长方形的围合建筑，四周的房屋围绕着一个中心庭院。这种布局反映了中国传统文化中的家庭和谐与等级观念，提供了一个私密舒适的居住环境。）常考单词：Siheyuan（四合院）,courtyard（庭院）,layout（布局）,hierarchy（等级制度）26.陶瓷（Ceramics）CeramicshasalongandglorioushistoryinChina.Chineseceramicsarefamousfortheirfineworkmanship,beautifuldesignsandhighquality.Potteryandporcelainaretwomaintypes,andtheyarewidelyusedfordailyutensils,artworksanddecorativeitems.（陶瓷在中国有着悠久而辉煌的历史。中国陶瓷以其精湛的工艺、美丽的设计和高品质而闻名。陶器和瓷器是两种主要类型，它们被广泛用于日常器具、艺术品和装饰品。）常考单词：Ceramics（陶瓷）,workmanship（工艺）,pottery（陶器）,porcelain（瓷器）27.编钟（ChimeBells）Chimebellsareasetofbronzebellswithdifferentpitches.TheywereanimportantmusicalinstrumentinancientChina.Whenstruck,theycanproduceaharmoniousandmelodioussound,whichwasoftenusedincourtmusicandceremonialoccasions.（编钟是一组具有不同音高的青铜钟。它们曾是中国古代重要的乐器。敲击时，能发出和谐悦耳的声音，常用于宫廷音乐和礼仪场合。）常考单词：ChimeBells（编钟）,bronze（青铜）,pitch（音高）,courtmusic（宫廷音乐）28.刺绣（Embroidery）EmbroideryisahighlydecorativehandicraftinChina.Skilledembroiderersuseneedlesandthreadstocreateintricatepatternsandpicturesonfabrics.Differentregionshavetheirownuniqueembroiderystyles,suchasSuzhouembroidery,Hunanembroideryandsoon.（刺绣是中国极具装饰性的手工艺。熟练的绣工用针线在织物上绣出复杂的图案和画面。不同地区有其独特的刺绣风格，如苏绣、湘绣等。）常考单词：Embroidery（刺绣）,handicraft（手工）,intricate（复杂的）,region（地区）29.舞龙（DragonDance）ThedragondanceisatraditionalfolkdanceinChina.Alongdragonmadeofcloth,bambooandothermaterialsismanipulatedbyagroupofpeople.Thedanceisusuallyperformedduringfestivalsandcelebrations,symbolizinggoodluck,prosperityandstrength.（舞龙是中国的传统民间舞蹈。一条由布、竹等材料制成的长龙由一群人舞动。这种舞蹈通常在节日和庆典期间表演，象征着好运、繁荣和力量。）常考单词：DragonDance（舞龙）,manipulate（操纵）,prosperity（繁荣）30.舞狮（LionDance）Theliondanceisalsoapopularfolkperformance.Twoperformersactasalion,onefortheheadandoneforthetail.Theliondanceisfullofenergyandvitality,oftenseeninparadesandfestivals,believedtobringgoodfortuneanddriveawayevil.（舞狮也是一种受欢迎的民间表演。两名表演者扮演一只狮子，一人舞狮头，一人舞狮尾。舞狮充满活力，常在游行和节日中出现，被认为能带来好运并驱邪。）常考单词：LionDance（舞狮）,performer（表演者）,parade（游行）31.孔明灯（KongmingLantern）TheKongminglantern,alsoknownastheskylantern,isakindoftraditionalChinesehandicraft.Itismadeofpaperandalightsourceisplacedinside.Whenlit,thehotairmakesitriseintotheair.PeopleusuallyreleaseKongminglanternstomakewishes.（孔明灯，又称天灯，是一种中国传统手工艺品。它由纸制成，内部放置一个光源。点燃后，热空气使其升入空中。人们通常放飞孔明灯来许愿。）常考单词：KongmingLantern（孔明灯）,handicraft（手工）,makeawish（许愿）32.算盘（Abacus）TheabacusisanancientcalculatingtoolinChina.Itconsistsofaframewithrodsandbeads.Bymovingthebeads,peoplecanperformarithmeticoperations.ItwaswidelyusedinbusinessandeducationinthepastandisstillasymboloftraditionalChinesewisdomincalculation.（算盘是中国古代的一种计算工具。它由一个带有算杆和算珠的框架组成。通过拨动算珠，人们可以进行算术运算。过去它在商业和教育中广泛使用，如今仍是中国传统计算智慧的象征。）常考单词：Abacus（算盘）,calculatingtool（计算工具）,bead（珠子）33.文房四宝（FourTreasuresoftheStudy）TheFourTreasuresoftheStudyrefertowritingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkstone.ThesefouritemsareessentialfortraditionalChinesecalligraphyandpainting.TheyhavehighartisticandculturalvalueandhaveinfluencedthedevelopmentofChineseartforthousandsofyears.（文房四宝指的是毛笔、墨、纸和砚台。这四样物品对于中国传统书法和绘画至关重要。它们具有很高的艺术和文化价值，数千年来一直影响着中国艺术的发展。）常考单词：FourTreasuresoftheStudy（文房四宝）,inkstick（墨）,inkstone（砚台）34.庙会（TempleFair）Thetemplefairisatraditionalfolkactivity.Itusuallytakesplaceneartemples.Therearevariousstallssellingfood,handicrafts,toysandsoon.Therearealsofolkperformancessuchasacrobatics,magicshowsandtraditionalmusicanddance,attractingalargenumberofpeople.（庙会是一种传统民间活动。它通常在寺庙附近举行。有各种各样的摊位出售食物、手工艺品、玩具等。还有民间表演，如杂技、魔术表演以及传统音乐和舞蹈，吸引了大量人群。）常考单词：TempleFair（庙会）,stall（摊位）,folkperformance（民间表演）35.唐装（TangSuit）TheTangsuitisakindoftraditionalChineseclothinginspiredbythestylesoftheTangDynasty.Itfeaturesuniquecollars,buttonsandpatterns,showingtheeleganceandgrandeurofancientChinesefashion.Itisoftenwornonformaloccasionsorculturalevents.（唐装是一种受唐代风格启发的中国传统服装。它具有独特的衣领、纽扣和图案，展现了中国古代时尚的优雅与华丽。常在正式场合或文化活动中穿着。）常考单词：TangSuit（唐装）,collar（衣领）,button（纽扣）36.汉服（Hanfu）HanfuisthetraditionalclothingoftheHanethnicgroupinChina.Ithasarichvarietyofstylesanddesigns,reflectingdifferenthistoricalperiodsandculturalconnotations.WearingHanfuhasbecomeapopulartrendinrecentyears,promotingtheinheritanceanddisseminationoftraditionalChineseculture.（汉服是中国汉族的传统服装。它有丰富多样的款式和设计，反映了不同的历史时期和文化内涵。近年来穿汉服已成为一种流行趋势，促进了中国传统文化的传承与传播。）常考单词：Hanfu（汉服）,ethnicgroup（民族）,culturalconnotation（文化内涵）37.泥人（ClayFigu