《富硒植物研究进展综述论文》5500字

富硒植物研究进展综述论文目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u11811富硒植物研究进展综述论文 1277881.硒元素概述 174571.1硒元素简介 140071.2硒的分布 251711.3硒对人体健康的益处 2305612.植物中硒的存在形式及富硒植物 3112202.1硒在植物中的转运 390152.2甲基硒代半胱氨酸 413002参考文献 51.硒元素概述1.1硒元素简介硒(Se)是植物和动物正常运作所必需的微量元素ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kieliszek</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1,2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648298656">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kieliszek,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium–FascinatingMicroelement,PropertiesandSourcesinFood</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><volume>24</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Galan-Chilet</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>2</RecNum><record><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648300925">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Galan-Chilet,I.</author><author>Tellez-Plaza,M.</author><author>Guallar,E.</author><author>Marco,GDe</author><author>Lopez-Izquierdo,R.</author><author>Gonzalez-Manzano,I.</author><author>Tormos,MCarmen</author><author>Martin-Nu?Ez,G.M.</author><author>Rojo-Martinez,G.</author><author>Saez,G.T.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Plasmaseleniumlevelsandoxidativestressbiomarkers:Agene–environmentinteractionpopulation-basedstudy</title><secondary-title>FreeRadicBiolMed</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FreeRadicBiolMed</full-title></periodical><pages>229-236</pages><volume>74</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[1,2]。它由瑞典化学家JacobBerzelius于1817年首次描述，然而，直到1950年研究发现过量服用硒与心肌营养不良和急性肝坏死有关时，其生物学作用才被确定ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Duntas</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648302077">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duntas,L.H.;Benvenga,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium:Anelementforlife.</title><secondary-title>Endocrine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Endocrine</full-title></periodical><pages>756–775</pages><volume>48</volume><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。1973年，发现硒是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的关键成分，因此，它有助于保护身体免受压力引起的活细胞氧化损伤，硒的作用开始被重视起来。随后，发现Se不仅与GPx有关，还与生物体细胞内的许多其他酶活性有关；例如，Se生物形式硒代半胱氨酸（SeCys）和硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet）是碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶的关键成分，对内分泌系统的健康运作至关重要ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kieliszek</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1,4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648298656">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kieliszek,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium–FascinatingMicroelement,PropertiesandSourcesinFood</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><volume>24</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Marek</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marek,K.</author><author>Stanis?Aw,B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>CurrentKnowledgeontheImportanceofSeleniuminFoodforLivingOrganisms:AReview</title><secondary-title>Molecules</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Molecules</full-title></periodical><pages>609</pages><volume>21</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。据估计，全球有10亿人面临硒不足的困境ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nothstein</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nothstein,A.K.</author><author>Elisabeth,E.</author><author>Michael,R.</author><author>Peter,N.</author><author>Winkel,Lhe</author><author>J?Rg,G.</author><author>Ralph,S.</author><author>Rita,B.</author><author>Matthias,V.B.</author><author>Gabriele,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TrackingSeAssimilationandSpeciationthroughtheRicePlant–NutrientCompetition,ToxicityandDistribution</title><secondary-title>PlosOne</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PlosOne</full-title></periodical><pages>e0152081</pages><volume>11</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]，SeCys在人体不可缺少，被称为“第21种氨基酸”。总共在人类蛋白质组中鉴定出25种硒蛋白，通常是氧化还原酶，包括作为催化残基的SeCysADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[6,7]。这些硒蛋白主要具有广泛的氧化还原功能，对调节人体免疫力ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[8]、介导甲状腺疾病ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[9]和生殖系统健康至关重要ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[10]。较早的一项研究表明，人体长期缺乏硒会对心血管系统产生负面影响，并可能导致心肌梗塞，即心脏病发作ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ullah</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ullah</author><author>Habib</author><author>Liu</author><author>Guijian</author><author>Yousaf</author><author>Balal</author><author>Ali</author><author>Ubaid,M.</author><author>Abbas</author><author>Qumber</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmentalseleniumexposureandhealthriskindailyfoodstuffs:Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis</title><secondary-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。除了这些例子，硒缺乏还与主要发生在儿童和育龄妇女的克山病和大骨节病有关ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>McCann</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12,13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McCann</author><author>Joyce</author><author>C.</author><author>Ames</author><author>Bruce</author><author>N.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adaptivedysfunctionofselenoproteinsfromtheperspectiveofthetriagetheory:whymodestseleniumdeficiencymayincreaseriskofdiseasesofaging</title><secondary-title>FASEBJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FASEBJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>1793-1814</pages><volume>25</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Shreenath</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shreenath,A.P.</author><author>Dooley,J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Selenium,Deficiency</title></titles><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[12,13]。硒在人类健康中的重要作用已被几位研究人员证实ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[14-15]。通常，人类通过食用富含硒的植物和动物产品，特别是植物来源的产品来吸收硒。植物从土壤中以硒酸盐的形式吸收硒ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Longchamp</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Longchamp,M.</author><author>Angeli,N.</author><author>Castrec-Rouelle,M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SeleniumuptakeinZeamayssuppliedwithselenateorseleniteunderhydroponicconditions</title><secondary-title>Plant&Soil</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Plant&Soil</full-title></periodical><pages>107-117</pages><volume>362</volume><number>1-2</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]，然后将其转化为有机形式SeCys和硒代蛋氨酸SeMetADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khanam</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>12</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Khanam,A.</author><author>Platel,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Bioaccessibilityofselenium,selenomethionineandselenocysteinefromfoodsandinfluenceofheatprocessingonthesame</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>1293-1299</pages><volume>194</volume><number>MAR.1</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]。现在仍需要更多的研究来确定它是否对高等植物至关重要。现代硒研究的主要特征是硒在营养食物链（土壤、植物、昆虫、动物、人类）中的研究、生物地球化学循环、硒的毒性和缺乏ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pilon-Smits</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11,24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pilon-Smits,Eah</author><author>Leduc,D.L.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhytoremediationofSeusingtransgenicplants.CurrOpinBiotechnol</title><secondary-title>CurrentOpinioninBiotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CurrentOpinioninBiotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>207-212</pages><volume>20</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Ullah</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ullah</author><author>Habib</author><author>Liu</author><author>Guijian</author><author>Yousaf</author><author>Balal</author><author>Ali</author><author>Ubaid,M.</author><author>Abbas</author><author>Qumber</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmentalseleniumexposureandhealthriskindailyfoodstuffs:Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis</title><secondary-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>，世界领土的硒状况图，农作物的生物强化，防止重金属和其他非生物胁迫，以及生产富含硒的功能性食品和补充剂ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Reich</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Reich,H.J.</author><author>Hondal,R.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>WhyNatureChoseSelenium</title><secondary-title>AcsChemicalBiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsChemicalBiology</full-title></periodical><pages>acschembio.6b00031</pages><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]。1.2硒的分布硒(Se)广泛分布于地球，存在于大气、岩石圈、水圈和生物圈ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Reich</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Reich,H.J.</author><author>Hondal,R.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>WhyNatureChoseSelenium</title><secondary-title>AcsChemicalBiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AcsChemicalBiology</full-title></periodical><pages>acschembio.6b00031</pages><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]。岩石的风化和火山气体的喷发是硒进入环境的关键来源。此外，富硒有机物通过微生物的生物甲基化分解，使该元素保持正向流入大气。这些机制导致挥发性硒化合物的存在，即硒化氢(H2Se)、二甲基硒化物(DMSe)和氧化硒(SeO2)。在全球范围内，耕地土壤中的硒含量在0.33到2毫克/千克之间ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mason</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mason,R.P.</author><author>Soerensen,A.L.</author><author>Dimento,B.P.</author><author>Balcom,P.H.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TheGlobalMarineSeleniumCycle:InsightsFromMeasurementsandModeling</title><secondary-title>GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles</full-title></periodical><volume>32</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]。硒水平较高的地区被称为富硒区ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fordyce</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648366772">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fordyce,F.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Seleniumdeficiencyandtoxicityintheenvironment</title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]。土壤中硒的浓度取决于当地环境的管理以及将硒释放到大气中所必需的微生物的数量。在美国、俄罗斯、中国部分地区、澳大利亚、加拿大和爱尔兰观察到富硒土壤。相比之下，新西兰和欧洲大部分地区的土壤主要缺乏硒。超过70%的国家存在硒缺乏症，然而，土壤中的总硒含量并不等同于植物或人类和动物通过植物能获取的所有的硒含量。植物能获取的硒取决于大量土壤化学特征和生化特征，包括吸附、破坏、土壤pH值、其他养分的存在和硒甲基化作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[22]。例如，高硫植物对硒的吸收较高ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lopes</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648368150">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lopes,G.</author><author>Avila,F.W.</author><author>Guilherme,L.R.G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>UnivFedLavrasUFLA,DeptCienciaSolo,Lavras,MG,Brazil UnivEstadualCtrOesteUNICENTRO,Guarapuava,PR,Brazil</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniumbehaviorinthesoilenvironmentanditsimplicationforhumanhealth</title><secondary-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</secondary-title><alt-title>CiencAgrotec</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</full-title><abbr-1>CiencAgrotec</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>CienciaEAgrotecnologia</full-title><abbr-1>CiencAgrotec</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>605-615</pages><volume>41</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>essentialmicronutrient</keyword><keyword>seadsorption</keyword><keyword>seavailability</keyword><keyword>biofortification</keyword><keyword>humannutrition</keyword><keyword>se-methylselenocysteine</keyword><keyword>adsorption</keyword><keyword>cancer</keyword><keyword>biofortification</keyword><keyword>speciation</keyword><keyword>sorption</keyword><keyword>bioavailability</keyword><keyword>selenoproteins</keyword><keyword>nutrition</keyword><keyword>selenate</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Nov-Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1413-7054</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000417853100001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000417853100001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1590/1413-70542017416000517</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]。富含硒的食物包括海鲜、鸡蛋、鸡肉、坚果、蘑菇和绿色蔬菜，包括油菜、菠菜、花椰菜和卷心菜。人体中硒的浓度随农业气候区域和日常饮食的不同而变化。在水中，硒以硒酸盐或亚硒酸盐的形式存在。地下水中硒的浓度高于海水ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24]。这主要是由于集约化管理的农业土壤中富硒肥料的径流以及母岩材料中的硒分泌造成的ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[25]。1.3硒对人体健康的益处在人体的硒总量（约3-20毫克）中，约47%存在于骨骼肌/纤维细胞中，约4%存在于肾脏中。一般来说，硒的存在取决于其在血清中的浓度ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[26]。研究表明60岁左右的成年人中血清中硒浓度最高ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tamari</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>115</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>115</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370584">115</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tamari,Y.</author><author>Kim,E.S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofChemistry,KonanUniversity,Kobe,Japan.</auth-address><titles><title>Longitudinalstudyofthedietaryseleniumintakeofexclusivelybreast-fedinfantsduringearlylactationinKoreaandJapan</title><secondary-title>JTraceElemMedBiol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JTraceElemMedBiol</full-title></periodical><pages>129-33</pages><volume>13</volume><number>3</number><edition>1999/12/28</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*BreastFeeding</keyword><keyword>*Diet</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant,Newborn</keyword><keyword>Japan</keyword><keyword>Korea</keyword><keyword>Lactation</keyword><keyword>LongitudinalStudies</keyword><keyword>Milk,Human/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>NutritionPolicy</keyword><keyword>Selenium/*administration&dosage</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0946-672X(Print) 0946-672X(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10612075</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/10612075</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/S0946-672X(99)80002-9</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]。当血液中每升血清中硒含量低于85µg时，就会出现硒缺乏症。低硒水平会增加某些癌症的风险ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[28]，而硒含量过高可能会导致贫血、脱发、骨骼僵硬或失明。如果硒在空气中的浓度高于0.2mg/m3，它可能会被人类和其他动物吸入ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[29]。硒的供应不足和过量都对人体健康有害ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fraczek</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>123</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>123</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370713">123</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fraczek,A.</author><author>Pasternak,K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>MedUnivLublin,Chair&DeptMedChem,PL-20093Lublin,Poland</auth-address><titles><title>SeleniuminMedicineandTreatment</title><secondary-title>JournalofElementology</secondary-title><alt-title>JElementol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofElementology</full-title><abbr-1>JElementol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>JournalofElementology</full-title><abbr-1>JElementol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>145-163</pages><volume>18</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>selenium</keyword><keyword>qualitiesofselenium</keyword><keyword>seleniumdeficiency</keyword><keyword>excessofselenium</keyword><keyword>kashin-beckdisease</keyword><keyword>dietaryselenium</keyword><keyword>prostate-cancer</keyword><keyword>glutathione-peroxidase</keyword><keyword>chemopreventiveagents</keyword><keyword>friedreichs-ataxia</keyword><keyword>serumselenium</keyword><keyword>breast-cancer</keyword><keyword>vitamin-e</keyword><keyword>supplementation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1644-2296</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000318196500013</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000318196500013</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.5601/jelem.203</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]。每日100–200µgSe的剂量可抑制遗传损伤和某些癌细胞的发育。已观察到每天摄入100µgSe可减少临床抑郁和焦虑ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zwolak</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648370788">126</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zwolak,I.</author><author>Zaporowska,H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>JohnPaulIICatholicUnivLublin,DeptCellBiol,InstEnvironmProtect,PL-20718Lublin,Poland</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniuminteractionsandtoxicity:areviewSeleniuminteractionsandtoxicity</title><secondary-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</secondary-title><alt-title>CellBiolToxicol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</full-title><abbr-1>CellBiolToxicol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>CellBiologyandToxicology</full-title><abbr-1>CellBiolToxicol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>31-46</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>arsenic</keyword><keyword>cadmium</keyword><keyword>seleniuminteractions</keyword><keyword>toxicity</keyword><keyword>traceelements</keyword><keyword>oxidativestress</keyword><keyword>cancerprevention</keyword><keyword>arsenictoxicity</keyword><keyword>bloodselenium</keyword><keyword>vitamin-e</keyword><keyword>vanadium</keyword><keyword>cadmium</keyword><keyword>DNA</keyword><keyword>supplementation</keyword><keyword>mice</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0742-2091</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000301567500004</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000301567500004</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s10565-011-9203-9</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。每天摄入超过1500µg对人体有毒。由于植物和动物食品中的硒浓度反映了它们产地土壤中的硒含量，因此食品中的硒含量在全球范围内是变化的。例如，美国的硒摄入量超过90µg/天，委内瑞拉为326µg/天，而在一些欧洲国家，其浓度低于推荐值，约为30微克/天。说明硒在人体生理过程中的健康益处。具体表现在抗氧化、降低癌症风险、预防心血管疾病、增强免疫和抗炎等方面。硒是一种强抗氧化剂，可减少自由基引起的细胞损伤，保护身体免受心脏病和某些癌症的侵害，自由基作为活细胞的副产品自然产生，也可能是吸烟、饮酒或精神压力的结果。此外，自由基的产生与许多人类疾病有关，包括心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默氏症、一些癌症和过早衰老。硒可降低某些癌症的风险。硒减少DNA损伤，缓解压力，同时增强身体的免疫系统。WHO推荐的每日硒剂量可改善接受化疗的患者的生活质量。硒的这些有益作用已在富含硒的植物性食物中被证实，但在硒补充剂中却没有。同时，硒可以减少化疗的副作用。硒含量丰富的饮食有助于心脏和心血管系统健康ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rees</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>154</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[41]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>154</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648371616">154</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rees,K.</author><author>Hartley,L.</author><author>Day,C.</author><author>Flowers,N.</author><author>Clarke,A.</author><author>Stranges,S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DivisionofHealthSciences,WarwickMedicalSchool,UniversityofWarwick,Coventry,UK.Karen.Rees@warwick.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Seleniumsupplementationfortheprimarypreventionofcardiovasculardisease</title><secondary-title>CochraneDatabaseSystRev</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CochraneDatabaseSystRev</full-title></periodical><pages>CD009671</pages><number>1</number><edition>2013/02/27</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Antioxidants/*administration&dosage</keyword><keyword>CardiovascularDiseases/*prevention&control</keyword><keyword>Cholesterol/blood</keyword><keyword>*DietarySupplements</keyword><keyword>Food,Fortified</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>PrimaryPrevention/methods</keyword><keyword>RandomizedControlledTrialsasTopic</keyword><keyword>Selenium/*administration&dosage</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jan31</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1469-493X(Electronic) 1361-6137(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23440843</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/23440843</url></related-urls></urls><custom2>PMC7433291</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/14651858.CD009671.pub2</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。硒通过减轻体内炎症和氧化应激来降低心脏病发作的风险，硒缺乏可能会导致动脉壁内的斑块积聚，从而导致动脉粥样硬化ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[32]。动脉增厚会导致心脏病发作。失眠可能会导致焦虑、抑郁和生活质量下降。经常发现精神健康状况不佳的患者血液中硒水平较低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Albuquerque</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>157</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>157</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="pad5tt9s3vd9x0ezvxyxedr3fwdzsztrxvfr"timestamp="1648371747">157</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Albuquerque,R.G.</author><author>Tufik,S.</author><author>Andersen,M.L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofPsychobiology,UniversidadeFederaldeSaoPaulo,RuaNapoleaodeBarros925,SaoPaulo,SP,04024-002,Brazil. DepartmentofPsychobiology,UniversidadeFederaldeSaoPaulo,RuaNapoleaodeBarros925,SaoPaulo,SP,04024-002,Brazil.ml.andersen12@.</auth-address><titles><title>Benefitsofseleniuminthe