大学金融英语课件

演讲人：日期：大学金融英语课件OverviewofFinancialMarketsFinancialproductsandservicesFinancialinstitutionsandbusinessesFinancialRiskandManagement目录01OverviewofFinancialMarketsDefinitionFinancialmarketsrefertotheplatformwherebuyersandsellersoffinancialassets,suchasstocks,bonds,currencies,andderivatives,cometogethertotradeClassificationFinancialmarketscanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypesbasedonthenatureofthefinancialassetstraded,suchascapitalmarkets,moneymarkets,derivativemarkets,foreignexchangemarkets,etcDefinitionandclassificationoffinancialmarketsPricediscoveryFinancialmarketsfacilitatetheprocessofpricediscovery,wherethepricesoffinancialassetsaredeterminedthroughtheinteractionofbuyersandsellersLiquidityprovisionFinancialmarketsprovideliquiditytoinvestors,allowingthemtobuyandsellfinancialassetsquicklyandatfairpricesRiskmanagementFinancialmarketsofferavarietyoffinancialinstrumentsthatcanbeusedtomanagerisk,suchashedginganddiversificationCapitalallocationFinancialmarketshelpallocatecapitaltoitsmostproductiveusesbychannelingfundsfromsaverstoborrowers01020304ThemainfunctionsoffinancialmarketsIssuersEntitiesthatissuefinancialsecuritiestoraisecapital,suchascorporations,governments,andagenciesIntermediariesEntitiesthatfacilitatethetradingoffinancialsecurities,suchasbrokers,dealers,andexchangesRegulatorsGovernmentagenciesorindependentbodiesthatoverseeandregulatetheoperationoffinancialmarketstoensurefairness,transparency,andstabilityInvestorsIndividualsorinstitutionsthatinvestinfinancialsecuritiesinordertoearnareturnontheirinvestmentParticipantsinfinancialmarketsSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)AgovernmentagencythatregulatesthesecuritiesmarketsandforcessecuritieslawsintheUnitedStatesFinancialConductAuthority(FCA)AnindependentbodyintheUKthatregulatesthefinancialservicesindustryandprotectionconsumersEuropeanSecuritiesandMarketsAuthority(ESMA)AEuropeanUnionagencythatregulatessecuritiesmarketsandguaranteestheintegrity,transparency,andorderedfunctionsoffinancialmarketsinEuropeRegulatoryauthoritiesinfinancialmarketsPeople'sBankofChina(PBOC)andChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSR)ThemainregulatoryauthoritiesinChinathatoversawthefinancialmarkets,includingthebanking,securities,andinsuranceindustriesRegulatoryauthoritiesinfinancialmarkets02FinancialproductsandservicesMarketParticipantsIssuers(companies),investors(individualandinstitutional),andintermediaries(brokersandexchanges)DefinitionSharesreportownershipinacompanyandtitletheholdertoapromotionofthecompany'sprofitsTypesCommonsharesandpreferredshares,withdifferentrightsandprivilegesRisksandReturnsSharestypicallyhavehigherreturnsbutalsohigherriskscomparedtootherfinancialproductsSharesDefinitionBondsaredebtsecuritiesissuedbygovernmentsorcorporationstoraisefundsTypesGovernmentbonds,corporatebonds,andmunicipalbonds,withdifferentrisksandreturnsRisksandReturnsBondstypicallyhavelowerreturnsbutalsolowerriskscomparedtosharesMarketParticipantsIssuers(governmentsorcorporations),investors(individualandinstitutional),andintermediaries(banksandbrokerdealers)BondsFuturesandoptionsarederivativecontractsthatderivetheirvaluefromanunderlyingassetsuchasacommodity,currency,orstockDefinitionFuturescontractslockinafuturepriceforthepurchaseorsaleofanasset,whileoptionsgivetheholdertherightbutnottheoppositiontobuyorsellanassetatacertainpriceTypesFuturesandOptionsRisksandReturnsFuturesandoptionscanhavehighreturnsbutalsohighrisksduetotheirlevelandvolatilityMarketParticipantsHedgers(whousederivativestoreducerisk),estimators(whotradederivativesforprofit),andarbitrageurs(whoseektoprofitfrompricedifferentials)FuturesandOptionsDefinitionForeignexchange(FX)involvestheconversionofonecurrencyintoanother,whilegoldisaprecisemetalthatistradedgloballyTypesCurrenciesaretradedinpairssuchasUSD/EURorGBP/JPY,whilegoldistradedasacommodityRisksandReturnsFXandgoldmarketscanbevolatileandcarrysignificantrisks,butalsoofferopportunitiesforprofitForeignexchangeandgoldMarketParticipantsImportersandexporters(whoneedstoconvertcurrenciesfortrade),investors(whotradecurrenciesorgoldforprofit),andcentralbanks(whointerveneinFXmarketstostabilizecurrencies)ForeignexchangeandgoldDefinition:Fundandassetmanagementinvolvesthepoolingofinvestorfundsandtheirallocationtodifferentassetclassessuchasstocks,bonds,andcashTypes:Mutualfunds,hedgefunds,privateequityfunds,andpensionfunds,withdifferentinvestmentobjectivesandstrategiesRisksandReturns:Fundperformancedependsonthemanager'sabilitytoallocateassetseffectivelyandgeneratereturnsabovethebenchmarkMarketParticipants:Investors(whocontributefunds),fundmanagers(whoinvestthefunds),andserviceproviders(suchascustodyandauditors)FundandAssetManagement03FinancialinstitutionsandbusinessesCommercialbankDefinitionAcommercialbankisafinancialinstitutionthatprovidesbankingandotherfinancialservicestoindividualsandbusinessesFunctionsAcceptingdeposits,grantingloans,providingbasicinvestmentproducts,foreignexchangetransactions,andmoreTypesRetailbanks,commercialbanks,privatebanks,etc.,whichbufferinservices,customerbases,andbusinessmodelsRegulationCommercialbanksaresubjecttostrictregulationandsupervisionbygovernmentsandfinancialregulatoryagenciesDefinitionAninvestmentbankisafinancialinstitutionthatspecializesinraisingcapitalandprovidingfinancialadvisoryservicestogovernments,companies,andinstitutionsTypesBulgebracketbanks,eliteboundarybanks,middlemarketbanks,etc.,whichbufferinsize,servicesoffered,andclienteleRegulationInvestmentbanksarealsohealthregulated,specificallyintheaftermathofthefinancialcrisisFunctionsSecuritiesunderwriting,mergersandacquisitions,assetmanagement,tradingandsales,andmoreInvestmentbankDefinitionAninsurancecompanyisafinancialinstitutionthatprovidesriskmanagementservicesbypoolingrisksandofferingincentivesforlossesUnderwritinginsurancepolicies,assessingrisks,investingpremiums,andpayingclaimsLifeinsurance,propertyandcasualtyinsurance,healthinsurance,andmore,whichdifferinthetypesofriskscoveredInsurancecompaniesaresubjecttoregulationtoensuresolvencyandfairtreatmentofpolicyholdersFunctionsTypesRegulationInsurancecompanyAsecuritiescompanyisafinancialinstitutionthatengagesinsecuritiesbrokerage,underwriting,trading,andotherrelatedbusinessesDefinitionSecuritiesbrokerage,underwritinganddistributionofsecurities,proprietarytrading,andassetmanagementFunctionsFullservicebrokersellers,discountbrokers,onlinebrokers,etc.,whichbufferinservicesofferedandfeeschargedTypesSecuritiescompaniesarealsoregulatedtoprotectinvestorsandmaintainmarketintegrityRegulationSecuritiescompanyNonbankfinancialinstitutionsTheseincludefinancecompanies,leasingcompanies,factoringcompanies,andmore,whichprovidespecializedfinancialservicestoindividualsandbusinessesRegulatoryagenciesandselfregulatoryorganizationsTheseinstitutionsoverseeandregulatefinancialmarketsandinstitutionstoensurefairness,transparency,andstabilityFinancialtechnology(FinTech)companiesThesecompaniesutilizetechnologytoinnovateanddisrupttraditionalfinancialservices,providingmoreeffectiveandconservativeoptionsforconsumersOtherfinancialinstitutionsInternationalfinancialinstitutionsTheseinstitutions,astheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)andtheWorldBank,providefinancialassistanceandadvicetodevelopingcountriesandpromotingglobaleconomicgrowthandstabilityOtherfinancialinstitutions04FinancialRiskandManagementArisingfromchangesinmarketprices,suchasinterestrates,stockprices,andcurrencyexchangeratesMarketriskThelikelihoodoflossduetoaborrower'sfailuretorepayaloanormeetcontractualobligationsCreditriskResultingfrominadequateorfailedinternalprocesses,people,andsystems,orfromexternaleventsOperationalriskTheriskthataninstitutionwillnotbeabletomeetitsfinancialobligationsastheycomedueLiquidityriskTypesoffinancialrisksRiskassessmentandmeasurementIdentificationofrisksourcesDeterminingthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallycauseharmorlossQuantificationofrisksAssigningnumericalvaluestothelikelihoodandimpactofpotentialeventsRiskmetricsUs