病理学（南开大学）知到智慧树章节测试课后答案2024年秋南开大学

病理学（南开大学）知到智慧树章节测试课后答案2024年秋南开大学绪论单元测试

Techniquesusedforcollectingbiopsysampleinclude:（

）

A:AlltheotheroptionsareincludedB:Scratching

C:EndoscopicforcepsD:LocalexcisionE:Deeporganpuncture

答案:Alltheotheroptionsareincluded

第一章单元测试

A17-year-oldboyinfectedwithhepatitisAexperiencesmildnauseaforabout1weekanddevelopsverymildscleralicterus.Onphysicalexamination,hehasminimalrightupperquadranttenderness.LaboratoryfindingsincludeaserumASTof68U/L,ALT75U/L,andtotalbilirubin5.lmg/dL.Theincreaseinthispatient'sserumenzymelevelsmostlikelyresultsfromwhichofthefollowingchangesinthehepatocytes?

A:DefectsinthecellmembraneB:DispersionofribosomesC:Swellingofthemitochondria

D:Clumpingofnuclearchromatin

E:Autophagybylysosomes

答案:DefectsinthecellmembraneAnexperimentanalyzescellsforenzymeactivityassociatedwithsustainedcellularproliferation.Whichofthefollowingcellsismostlikelytohavethehighesttelomeraseactivity?

A:ErythrocytesB:EndothelialcellsC:Neurons

D:GermcellsE:Neutrophils

答案:Neurons

Inaclinicaltrial,achemotherapeuticagentisgiventopatientswithbreastcancermetastases.Samplesofthecancercellsareobtainedandassessedforthepresenceofdeathoftumorcellsbyapoptosis.Mutationalinactivationofwhichofthefollowingproductsismostlikelytorendertumorcellsresistanttotheeffectsofsuchanagent?

A:CytochromeP-450B:p53C:NF-kappaBD:BCL-2E:GranzymeB

答案:NF-kappaBA22-year-oldwomanhasacongenitalanemiathathasrequiredmultipletransfusionsofRBCsformanyyears.Onphysicalexamination,shenowhasnosignificantfindings;however,liverfunctiontestsshowreducedserumalbumin.Whichofthefollowingfindingswouldmostlikelyappearinaliverbiopsyspecimen?

A:Steatosisinhepatocytes

B:GlycogeninhepatocytesC:Bilirubinincanaliculi

D:HemosiderininhepatocytesE:Amyloidinportaltriads

答案:HemosiderininhepatocytesA69-year-oldmanhashaddifficultywithurination,includinghesitancyandfrequency,forthepast5years.Adigitalrectalexaminationrevealsthattheprostateglandispalpablyenlargedtoabouttwicenormalsize.Atransurethralresectionoftheprostateisperformed,andthemicroscopicappearanceoftheprostate“chips”obtainedisthatofnodulesofglandswithinterveningstroma.Whichofthefollowingpathologicprocesseshasmostlikelyoccurredintheprostate?

A:HyperplasiaB:DysplasiaC:MetaplasiaD:ApoptosisE:FattychangeF:Hypertrophy

答案:HyperplasiaA33-year-oldwomanhashadincreasinglethargyanddecreasedurineoutputforthepastweek.Laboratorystudiesshowserumcreatininelevelof4.3mg/dLandureanitrogenlevelof40mg/dL.Arenalbiopsyisperformed,andthespecimenisexaminedusingelectronmicroscopy.Whichofthefollowingmorphologicchangesmostlikelysuggestsadiagnosisofacutetubularnecrosis?

A:PlasmamembraneblebsB:Nuclearfragmentation

C:RibosomaldisaggregationD:Chromatinclumping

E:Mitochondrialswelling

答案:Nuclearfragmentation

A63-year-oldmanhasa2-yearhistoryofworseningcongestiveheartfailure.Anechocardiogramshowsmitralstenosiswithleftatrialdilation.Athrombusispresentintheleftatrium.Onemonthlater,heexperiencesleftflankpainandnoteshematuria.LaboratorytestingshowselevatedserumAST.Whichofthefollowingpatternsoftissueinjuryismostlikelytobepresent?

A:Caseousnecrosis

B:Coagulativenecrosis

C:FatnecrosisD:GangrenousnecrosisE:Liquefactivenecrosis

答案:Coagulativenecrosis

Onaroutinevisittothephysician,anotherwisehealthy51-year-oldmanhasabloodpressureof150/95mmHg.Ifthepatient'shypertensionremainsuntreatedforyears,Whichofthefollowingcellularchangesisunlikelytooccurinmyocardium?

A:HemosiderosisB:HyperplasiaC:MetaplasiaD:AtrophyE:Hypertrophy

答案:Hemosiderosis；Hyperplasia；Metaplasia；Atrophy

Inanexperiment,cellsaresubjectedtoradiantenergyintheformofx-rays.Thisresultsincellinjurycausedbyhydrolysisofwater.Whichofthefollowingcellularenzymesdoesnotprotectcellsfromthisdamage?

A:LactatedehydrogenaseB:EndonucleaseC:ProteaseD:GlutathioneperoxidaseE:Phospholipase

答案:Lactatedehydrogenase；Endonuclease；Protease；PhospholipaseA68-year-oldwomansuddenlylostconsciousnessand,onawakening1hourlater,shecouldnotspeakormoveherrightarmandleg.Twomonthslater,aheadCTscanshowedalargecysticareaintheleftparietallobe.Whichofthefollowingpathologicprocesseshasmostlikelyoccurredinthebrain?

A:LiquefactivenecrosisB:ApoptosisC:CoagulativenecrosisD:KaryolysisE:Fatnecrosis

答案:Liquefactivenecrosis

第二章单元测试

A60-year-oldwomandevelopedchestpainthatpersistedfor4hours.Aradiographicimagingprocedureshowedanapparentmyocardialinfarctioninvolvinga3×4cmareaoftheposteriorleftventricularfreewall.Laboratoryfindingsshowedserumcreatinekinaseof600U/L.Thepatientreceivedbothanti-arrhythmicandpressoragentstotreatthedecreasedcardiacoutputwhileinthehospital.Whichofthefollowingpathologicfindingswouldmostlikelybeseenintheleftventriclelmonthlater?

A:FibrousscarB:CoagulativenecrosisC:CompleteresolutionD:Abscess

E:Nodularregeneration

答案:FibrousscarAnexperimentinfectsonegroupoftestanimalswithviralhepatitis.Twomonthslater,completerecoveryofthenormalliverarchitectureisobservedwhentheliversfromtheseanimalsareexaminedmicroscopically.Asecondtestgroupisinfectedwithbacterialorganisms,andafterthesameperiodoftime,fibrousscarsfromresolvingabscessesareseenmicroscopicallyinthelivers.Whichofthefollowingfactorsbestexplainsthedifferentoutcomesforthetwotestgroups?

A:LocationofthelesionB:Extentofdamagetothebileducts

C:

Extentoflivercellinjury

D:Natureoftheetiologicagent

E:Injurytotheconnectivetissueframework

答案:Injurytotheconnectivetissueframework

A23-year-oldwomanreceivingcorticosteroidtherapyforanautoimmunediseasehasanabscessonherupperouterrightarm.Sheundergoesminorsurgerytoinciseanddraintheabscess,butthewoundhealspoorlyoverthenextmonth.Whichofthefollowingaspectsofwoundhealingismostlikelytobedeficientinthispatient?

A:FibroblastgrowthfactorelaborationB:NeutrophilinfiltrationC:CollagendepositionD:Re-epithelization

E:Serineproteinaseproduction

答案:CollagendepositionAcesareansectionisperformedona20-year-oldwomantodeliveraterminfant,andthelowerabdominalincisionissutured.Thesuturesareremovedlweeklater.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthewoundsiteatthetimeofsutureremoval?

A:NomorewoundstrengthwillbegainedB:Collagendegradationexceedssynthesis

C:Granulationtissueisstillpresent

D:TypeIVcollagenpredominates

E:Woundstrengthis80%ofnormaltissue

答案:Granulationtissueisstillpresent

A40-year-oldmanunderwentlaparotomyforaperforatedsigmoidcolondiverticulum.Awoundinfectioncomplicatedthepostoperativecourse,andsurgicalwounddehiscenceoccurred.Primaryclosurewasnolongerpossible,andthewound"granulatedin."Sixweekslater,thewoundisonlyl0%ofitsoriginalsize.Whichofthefollowingprocessesbestaccountsfortheobserveddecreaseinwoundsizeoverthepast6weeks?

A:ElaborationofadhesiveglycoproteinsB:Increaseinsynthesisofcollagen

C:

Resolutionofsubcutaneousedema

D:Myofibroblastcontraction

E:Inhibitionofmetalloproteinases

答案:Myofibroblastcontraction

Inanexperimentinvolvingobservationsonwoundhealing,researchersnotedthatintracytoplasmiccytoskeletalelements,includingactin,interactwiththeextracellularmatrixtopromotecellattachmentandmigrationinwoundhealing.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesismostlikelyresponsibleforsuchinteractionbetweenthecytoskeletonandtheextracellularmatrix?

A:EpidermalgrowthfactorB:IntegrinC:Platelet-derivedgrowthfactor

D:Fibronectin

E:VascularendothelialgrowthfactorF:TypeIVcollagen

答案:IntegrinInanexperiment,releaseofepidermalgrowthfactorintoanareaofdenudedskincausesmitogenicstimulationoftheskinepithelialcells.Whichofthefollowingproteinsismostlikelytobeinvolvedintransducingthemitogenicsignalfromtheepidermalcellmembranetothenucleus?

A:

CyclicAMPB:Cyclin-dependentkinaseC:

Gproteins

D:RASproteinsE:CyclinD

答案:RASproteinsAnexperimentanalyzesfactorsinvolvedinthecellcycleduringgrowthfactor-inducedcellularregenerationinatissueculture.CyclinBsynthesisisinduced;thecyclinBthenbindsandactivatescyclin-dependentkinase1(CDK1).Theactivekinaseproducedbythisprocessismostlikelytocontrolprogressioninwhichofthefollowingphasesofthecellcycle?

A:G0toG1

B:G1toSC:G2toMD:StoG2

E:MtoG1

答案:G2toMAnexperimentisconductedinvolvingcellularaspectsofwoundhealing.Componentsoftheextracellularmatrixareanalyzedtodeterminetheirsitesofproductionandtheirbindingpatternstoothertissuecomponents.Whichofthefollowingmoleculessynthesizedbyfibroblastscanbestbindtocellularintegrinsandextracellularcollagenandattachepidermalbasalcellstobasementmembrane?

A:DermatansulfateB:Hyaluronicacid

C:FibronectinD:ProcollagenE:Heparin

答案:FibronectinInanexperiment,surgicalincisionsaremadeinastudygroupoflaboratoryrats.Observationsaboutthewoundsarerecordedovera2-weekperiodusingavarietyofchemicalmediators.Whichofthefollowingstepsintheinflammatory-repairresponseisimpossibleaffectedbyneutralizationoftransforminggrowthfactor-β?

A:ProductionofcollagenB:LeukocyteextravasationC:Increaseinvascularpermeability

D:ChemotaxisoflymphocytesE:Migrationofepithelialcells

答案:Leukocyteextravasation；Increaseinvascularpermeability

；Chemotaxisoflymphocytes；Migrationofepithelialcells

第三章单元测试

A52-year-oldwomanwithnomajormedicalproblemstakesalongairplaneflightacrossthePacificOcean.UponarrivalatSydney'sKingsfordSmithairportfollowingtheflightfromLosAngeles,shecannotputhershoesbackon.Thereisnopainortenderness.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyexplanationforthisphenomenon?

A:Alotofdrinkswereservedinthefirstclasssection.

B:Venoushydrostaticpressurebecameincreased.

C:Acellulitisdevelopedinherlegs.D:ActivationofHagemanfactorhasledtobradykininproduction.

E:Femoralveinthrombosisdeveloped.

答案:Venoushydrostaticpressurebecameincreased.

A56-year-oldmanhashadincreasingdifficultybreathingforthepastweek.Onphysicalexaminationhehasnofever.Auscultationofhischestrevealsdiminishedbreathsoundsanddullnesstopercussionbilaterally.Thereis2+pittingedemapresenttothelevelofhisthighs.Achestradiographrevealsbilateralpleuraleffusions.Whichofthefollowinglaboratorytestfindingsishemostlikelytohave?

A:AnemiaB:HypoalbuminemiaC:NeutrophiliaD:HypernatremiaE:Glucosuria

答案:HypoalbuminemiaAstudyofatherogenesisisperformed.Thereisapropensityforatheromastoformatmusculararterialbranchpoints,suchasthecarotidandaorticbifurcations.Whichofthefollowingeventsinthearteriesattheselocationsismostlikelytoinitiateatherogenesis?

A:EndothelialdysfunctionB:Hypoxemia

C:Lacticacidosis

D:CollagensynthesisE:Cholesterolbreakdown

答案:EndothelialdysfunctionA61-year-oldmanhasthesuddenonsetofseverechestpain.VitalsignsincludeT37°C,P102/minute,RR20/minute,andBP80/40mmHg.Anelectrocardiogramdemonstrateschangesthatareconsistentwithmyocardialischemiainvolvingtheleftlateralventricularfreewall.Heisgiventhrombolytictherapywithtissueplasminogenactivator(tPA)3hoursaftertheonsetofchestpain.Howeverhisserumcreatininekinaseisfoundtobe450U/L(elevated)3hoursafterthistherapy.Whichofthefollowingcellulareventshasmostlikelyoccurred?

A:ReperfusioninjuryB:Drug-inducednecrosisC:Cellularregeneration

D:Myofiberatrophy

E:Increasedsynthesisofcreatinekinase

答案:ReperfusioninjuryAclinicalstudyisperformedwithsubjectswhohavethrombocytopenia<10,000/microliter.Thesepatientsareobservedtohavedefectsincoagulationwithspontaneousbleedingcharacterizedbymultiplepetechiaeandpurpuraandstoolsamplespositiveforoccultblood.Whichofthefollowingcoagulationfunctionsismostlikelytoremainlargelyintactinthesepatients?

A:Adherencetoinjuredvascularwalls

B:ConversionoffibrinogentofibrinC:Increaseinsurfacesitesforcoagulation

D:Inductionofvasoconstriction

E:Releaseofsubstancesthatneutralizeheparin

答案:ConversionoffibrinogentofibrinA70-year-oldmanseeksmedicalattentionbecauseofshortnessofbreathonminimalexertion.Aposteroanteriorchestradiographrevealsbluntingoftherightcostophrenicsulcusinterpretedasaright-sidedpleuraleffusion.Theaspiratedfluidisstrawcoloredandclear.Theproteinconcentrationislow,andthespecificgravityis1.011.Microscopicexaminationrevealsanoccasionalmesothelialcell.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycauseoftheeffusion?

A:LeftventricularheartfailureB:TuberculosisC:MesotheliomaD:Pneumonia

E:Decreasedoncoticpressure

答案:LeftventricularheartfailureTwodaysfollowingacholecystectomy,a32-year-oldhospitalizedwomanhassuddenonsetofdyspnea,pleuralpain,andcoughproductiveoffrothy,blood-tingedsputum.Ventilation-perfusionscintigraphyindicatesaperfusiondefect.Ifitwerepossibletoexamineaportionoftheaffectedlung,whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyhavebeenfound?

A:Disseminatedintravascularcoagulation(DIC)

B:GeneralizedthrombosisC:Anemic(whiteorpale)infarctionD:Airembolism

E:Hemorrhagic(red)infarct

答案:Hemorrhagic(red)infarct

A36-year-oldmandiesduringcardiacsurgery.Hehadahistoryoflong-standingrheumaticheartdiseasewithmitralstenosis.Atautopsy,thepathologistreportsfindingsconsistentwithmitralstenosisandnotedthepresenceof‘heartfailurecells’.Thisfindingresultsfrom().

A:activationofthecoagulationcascadeB:hyperemiaofthelungs

C:myocardialhyperemia

D:chronicpassivecongestionofthelungs

E:hypoxicmyocardialinjury

答案:chronicpassivecongestionofthelungs

Duringalaboratoryexerciseoncoagulationtesting,a23-year-oldmedicalstudentisfoundtohaveaprolongedbleedingtime.Shehashadalonghistoryof‘easybleeding’withfrequentbleedingofthegums,epistaxis,cutaneousbleeding,andmenorrhagia.FurthertestingrevealedadeficiencyofvonWillebrandfactor.Whichofthefollowingthrombogenicprocessesinvolvingplateletsismostdirectlyimpaired?

A:FormationoffibrinogenbridgesB:ConformationalchangewithactivationofphospholipidsurfaceC:AdhesionD:Releasereaction

E:Stabilizationofplateletplug

答案:AdhesionFluidisaspiratedfromthegrosslydistendedabdomenofa47-year-oldchronicalcoholicman.Thefluidisstrawcoloredandclearandisfoundtohaveaproteincontent(largelyalbumin)of2.5g/dL.Whichofthefollowingisnotthemaincauseofthepatient'sfluidaccumulation?

A:DecreasedsodiumretentionB:BlockageoflymphaticsC:InflammatoryexudationD:IncreasedcapillarypermeabilityE:Decreasedoncoticpressure

答案:Decreasedsodiumretention；Blockageoflymphatics；Inflammatoryexudation；Increasedcapillarypermeability

第四章单元测试

A22-year-oldmandevelopsmarkedrightlowerquadrantabdominalpainoverthepastday.Onphysicalexaminationthereisreboundtendernessonpalpationovertherightlowerquadrant.Laparoscopicsurgeryisperformed,andtheappendixisswollen,erythematous,andpartlycoveredbyayellowishexudate.Itisremoved,andamicroscopicsectionshowsinfiltrationwithnumerousneutrophils.Thepainexperiencedbythispatientispredominantlytheresultofwhichofthefollowingtwochemicalmediators?

A:Prostaglandinandbradykinin

B:LeukotrieneandHPETEC:Interleukin-1andtumornecrosisfactorD:ComplementC3bandIgG

E:Histamineandserotonin

答案:Prostaglandinandbradykinin

A45-year-oldmanhasbeenworkinghardalldaylongcarryingloadsofbrickstobuildawall.Hetakesanon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug(ibuprofen).Whichofthefollowingprocessesisthisdrugmostlikelytodiminishinhisarms?

A:ScarformationB:ThrombosisC:FibrinolysisD:Pain

E:Necrosis

答案:Pain

Withinminutesfollowingabeesting,a37-year-oldmandevelopsmarkedrespiratorystridorwithdyspneaandwheezing.Healsodevelopsswellinganderythemaseeninhisarmsandlegs.Aninjectionofepinephrinehelpstoreversetheseeventsandherecoverswithinminutes.Whichofthefollowingchemicalmediatorsismostimportantinthepathogenesisofthisman'scondition?

A:ComplementC5aB:TumornecrosisfactorC:Histamine

D:Nitricoxide

E:Bradykinin

答案:Histamine

Inanexperiment,lymphaticchannelsareobservedinnormalsofttissuepreparations.Staphylococcusaureusorganismsareinnoculatedintothetissuesandtheimmunologicresponseisobservedoverthenext24hours.Whichofthefollowingfunctionsismostlikelytobeservedbytheselymphaticstoproduceaspecificimmuneresponsetotheseorganisms?

A:RemoveextravasculartissuefluidB:Transportantigenpresentingcells

C:Serveasaroutefordisseminationofinfection

D:Provideanemigrationpointforneutrophils

E:Carrylymphocytestoperipheraltissuesites

答案:Transportantigenpresentingcells

A65-year-oldwomanhashadafeverforthepastday.Onphysicalexaminationhertemperatureis39°Candbloodpressure90/50mmHgwithheartrateof106/minute.LaboratorystudiesshowaWBCcountof12,510/microliterandWBCdifferentialcountof78segs,8bands,11lymphs,and3monos.AbloodcultureispositiveforEscherichiacoli.Hercentralvenouspressurefallsmarkedly.Shegoesintohypovolemicshockasaresultofthewidespreadinappropriatereleaseofachemicalmediatorderivedfrommacrophages.Shedevelopsmultipleorganfailure.Whichofthefollowingmediatorsismostlikelytoproducethesefindings?

A:BradykininB:NitricoxideC:

ComplementC3aD:Prostacyclin

E:Histamine

答案:NitricoxideA56-year-oldmanhashadincreasingdyspneafor6years.Hehasnocoughorfever.Hehadchronicexposuretoinhalationofsilicadustformanyyearsinhisjob.Achestx-raynowshowsincreasedinterstitialmarkingsandparenchymal1to3cmsolidnodules.Hispulmonaryproblemsaremostlikelytobemediatedthroughwhichofthefollowinginflammatoryprocesses?

A:Foreignbodygiantcellformation

B:Neutrophilicinfiltratesproducingleukotrienes

C:MacrophageelaborationofcytokinesD:MastcellhistaminereleaseE:Plasmacellsynthesisofimmunoglobulins

答案:MacrophageelaborationofcytokinesA40-year-oldwomanhadlaparoscopicsurgery3monthsago.Nowshehasasmall0.5cmnodulebeneaththeskinattheincisionsitethatwassutured.Whichofthefollowingcelltypesismostlikelytobemostcharacteristicoftheinflammatoryresponseinthissituation?

A:NeutrophilB:Mastcell

C:Giantcell

D:Eosinophil

E:Plasmacell

答案:Giantcell

A43-year-oldwomanhashadachroniccoughwithfeverandweightlossforthepastmonth.Achestradiographrevealsmultiplenodulesfrom1to4cminsize,someofwhichdemonstratecavitationintheupperlobes.Asputumsamplerevealsthepresenceofacidfastbacilli.Whichofthefollowingcellsisthemostimportantinthedevelopmentofherlunglesions?

A:NeutrophilB:PlateletC:FibroblastD:Macrophage

E:Mastcell

答案:Macrophage

Aroutinecompletebloodcountperformedona22-year-oldmedicalstudentrevealsanabnormalityinthedifferentialleukocytecount.Shehasbeencomplainingoffrequentsneezingand‘watery’eyesduringthepastseveralweeksandreportsthatshefrequentlyhadsuchepisodesinthespringandsummer.

答案:0

第五章单元测试

Whichoneofthefollowingitemsismosthelpfulindistinguishingpoorlydifferentiatedcarcinomafromsarcoma?

A:TheageofpatientB:Thegrowthpattern

C:Thelocationofthetumor

D:ThemannerofspreadE:Reticulumfiberstain

答案:Reticulumfiberstain

ThepatientsurvivalratewithstageT4N1M1neoplam5yearsfromthetimeofdiagnosisislessthan50%,regardlessoftherapy.Whichofthefollowingclinicalfindingsismostlikelytobecharacteristicofthisgroupofpatients?

A:IcterusB:SplenomegalyC:CardiacmurmurD:Cachexia

E:Tympany

答案:Cachexia

Ahealthy22-year-oldwomanundergoesaroutinephysicalexamination.Adiscrete,firm,rubbery,movablemassisfoundintheleftbreast.Shehasnoaxillarylymphadenopathy.Theskinoverlyingthebreastandthenippleappearnormal.Whichofthefollowingneoplasmsismostlikelytobepresentinthiswoman?

A:Fibroadenoma

B:MalignantlymphomaC:LeiomyomaD:LipomaE:Intraductalcarcinoma

答案:Fibroadenoma

62-year-oldmanhascomplainedofpainonurinationforthepastweek.Heisafebrile.Oncystoscopy,aslightlyerythematous1cmdiameterareaisseenonthebladdermucosa.Thisareaisbiopsiedandonmicroscopicexaminationshowscellswithmarkedhyperchromatismandincreasednuclear/cytoplasmicratioinvolvingthefullthicknessoftheepithelium.However,thesechangesareconfinedtotheepitheliumabovethebasementmembrane.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthesebiopsyfindings?

A:

CarcinomainsituB:MinimaldysplasiaC:MicroinvasionD:HyperplasiaE:Metaplasia

答案:

CarcinomainsituA60-year-oldmanwhohasa90packyearhistoryofcigarettesmokinghashadachroniccoughforthepast10years.Hehasbeguntoloseweight(3kg)duringthepastyear.Noabnormalfindingsarenotedonphysicalexamination.Hehasachestradiographthatrevealsarighthilarmass.Asputumcytologyshowsatypical,hyperchromaticsquamouscells.Whatisthemostcommoninitialpathwayformetastasesfromthislesion?

A:BronchiB:ContiguousspreadtochestwallC:PleuralcavityD:Bloodstream

E:Lymphatics

答案:LymphaticsAllneoplasmsarecollectivelyreferredtoascancers.

A:对B:错

答案:错Papillomaisabenignneoplasmthatmostoftenarisesfromsurfaceepithelium.

A:错B:对

答案:对Poorlydifferentiatedsquamouscellcarcinomasformintercellularbridgesandpinkkeratinizedcytoplasm.

A:对B:错

答案:错Paraneoplasticsyndromescanbeexplainedbytheanatomicdistributionofthetumor.

A:对B:错

答案:错Biopsyofsentinellymphnodesisoftenusedtoassessthepresenceorabsenceofmetastaticlesionsinthelymphnodes.

A:对B:错

答案:对

第六章单元测试

50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg（normalblood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg）. If this person remains untreated for years,which of the following alterations will be seen in the myocardium?

A:HypertrophyB:NecrosisC:MetaplasiaD:AtrophyE:Dysplasia

答案:HypertrophyA65-year-oldmanwasfoundtohavea5-cmpulsatilemassinhisabdomenduringaroutinephysicalexamination.Angiographyrevealsamarkeddilationinhisaortadistaltotherenalarteries.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycauseofthisaneurysm?

A:Acongenitaldefect

B:RheumaticfeverC:

Trauma

D:AtherosclerosisE:Hypertension

答案:Atherosclerosis40.A65-year-oldmandevelopsintensecrushingsubsternal,chestpainthatisnotrelievedbynitroglycerin.TheECGshowsST-segmentelevationandabnormalQwaves.Hisconditionrapidlyworsensandhedies2dayslater.Atautopsya2.5cm2necroticareaisfoundthatinvolvestheanteriorleftventricle.Whatisthemostlikelycauseofthispatient'smyocardialinfarction?

A:VasospasmoftherightcoronaryarteryB:CompleteocclusionoftheleftcircumflexcoronaryarteryC:FibrinoidnecrosisofmaintrunkofleftcoronaryarteryD:SeverestenosisofallthreemainbranchesofcoronaryarterywithoutthrombosisE:Thrombosisoftheanteriordescendingbranchoftheleftcoronaryartery

答案:ThrombosisoftheanteriordescendingbranchoftheleftcoronaryarteryA57-year-oldmanhashadbloodpressuremeasurementsintherangeof160/95to180/110mmHgformanyyears.Hehastakennomedications.Arenalscanrevealskidneysofnormalsizeforage.Thesefindingswithbenignnephrosclerosisaremostlikelytooccurwithwhichofthefollowingvascularchanges?

A:HyperplasticarteriolosclerosisB:ArterialmuralthrombosisC:Hyalinearteriolosclerosis

D:Monckeberg'smedialcalcificsclerosisE:Complexcalcifiedatherosclerosis

答案:Hyalinearteriolosclerosis

A51-year-oldmanhasthesuddenonsetofsubsternalchestpainwhichradiatestohisleftarmandneck.Hebecomeslight-headedanddiaphoreticoverthenext8hours.Hegoestotheemergencyroom.Onexaminationheisafebrilebuthasaheartrateof96/minutewithanirregularrhythm.LaboratorystudiesshowanincreasedserumtroponinI.Whichofthefollowingfeatureswouldbemostprominentbyhistopathologicexaminationofhismyocardiumatthispointintime?

A:CoagulativeNecrosisB:

CapillaryproliferationC:MacrophageinfiltrationD:

NeutrophilicinfiltrationE:Collagendeposition

答案:CoagulativeNecrosisPeripheralarterydiseasedevelopsifplaquedepositsblockbloodflowtothearteriesthatsupplythearms,pelvis,orlegs.

A:错B:对

答案:对Grossfeatureofhypertensiveheartdiseaseisleftventricalhypertrophy.

A:错B:对

答案:对Familyhistory,age,geneticabnormalities,anddiet,theseareallcalledconstitutionalriskfactor.

A:对B:错

答案:错Myocardialruptureismostcommon10-14daysafterinfarction.

A:错B:对

答案:错Fattystreaksarecomposedofsmoothmusclecells.

A:错B:对

答案:错

第七章单元测试

Anasymptomatic10-year-oldchildwithachestradiographshowingasubpleuralnoduleintherightmid-lungfieldandenlargedmediastinallymphnodesprobablyhas:

A:SecondarytuberculosisB:PrimarytuberculosisC:MiliarytuberculosisD:CoccidiodomycosisE:Aspergillosis

答案:PrimarytuberculosisIfapersonquitssmoking,he/shecanexpecttobenefitfromallofthefollowingEXCEPT:

A:ReversalofemphysematouschangesB:Lowerriskforlunginfections

C:Decreasedriskforlungcancerinclosefamilymembers

D:AbatementofchronicbronchitisE:Diminshedriskforlungcancer

答案:ReversalofemphysematouschangesWhichofthefollowingfindingsisLEASTlikelytobediagnosedbybronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)ina45-year-oldmalewithfeverandcough:

A:PneumocystiscariniiB:AdenocarcinomaC:MycobacteriumtuberculosisD:Cytomegalovirus

E:Pulmonaryhamartoma

答案:Pulmonaryhamartoma

WhichofthefollowingpatientsisLEASTlikelytohavedevelopedanobstructivelungdisease:

A:A60-year-oldfemalec