LEC术语大赛官方测试复习试题含答案

LEC术语大赛官方测试复习试题含答案1.NextFriend（）[单选题]*A.Apersonconvictedofamisdemeanor.B.Ahumanbeing,asopposedtoartificialorfictitious"person":suchascorporations.C.Apersonappointedbythecourttoappearonbehalfofaminororincompetentpersonwhoisaplaintiffinacivilaction.(正确答案)D.Thetermisusedgenerallywithtwomeanings:nearestbloodrelationsaccordingtolawofconsanguinityandthoseentitledtotakeunderstatutorydistributionofintestates'estates.答案解析：NextFriend意为"诉讼代理人",其由法庭指定，代表在民事诉讼中未成年人或无民事行为能力的被告。2.Probono（）[单选题]*A.Atermusedtodescribelegalservicesprovidedtoaclientfreeofcharge.(正确答案)B.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.C.Referstocourtsthathavenolimitonthetypesofcriminalandcivilcasestheymayhear.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2014/5第9题。Probono指“(法律等专业性)无偿服务”,是拉丁语表达方式，也用于描述免费提供帮助或服务。选项A:Atermusedtodescribelegalservicesprovidedtoaclientfreeofcharge符合题意，为正确答案。另见例句：TheOhioSupremeCourtChiefJusticecalledonlawyersinthestatetoprovideprobonoassistancetothesepeople.俄亥俄州最高法院首席大法官呼吁该州律师无偿为这些人提供帮助。3.Probonois（）[单选题]*A.Astatementassertingorprotectingalegalright.B.Arulethatamatteroncejudiciallydecidedisfinallyandconclusivelydecidedandcannotberelitigated.C.Thedoctrinewhichholdsthatanemployerorprincipalisresponsiblefortheactsandomissionsofemployeesoragents,whenthoseactsarewithinthescopeoftheirdutiesasemployeesoragents.D.Forthepublicgoodorforthewelfareofthewhole,usuallyreferringtovoluntaryservicerenderedbyattorneys(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2010/5第5题。probono〈拉〉为做善事用于描述免费提供帮助或服务。4.NextFriend（）[单选题]*A.Apersonappointedbythecourttoappearonbehalfofaminororincompetentpersonwhoisaplaintiffinacivilaction.(正确答案)B.Onewho,havingbeenborninanothercountryorotherwiserearedasaforeigner,hasbeengrantedU.S.citizenshipandtherightsandprivilegesofthatstatus.C.Apersonwhoappliestoorpetitionsacourtorjudgeforarulinginhisorherfavor.D.Afederalormunicipallawofficer,typicallywithspecifieddutiesrelatingtocourtfunctions.答案解析：LEC2015/5第7题。NextFriend意为“诉讼代理人”,其由法庭指定，代表在民事诉讼中未成年人或无民事行为能力的被告。5.OpinionEvidence（）[单选题]*A.Evidencehas"probativevalue"ifittendstoproveanissueB.Evidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believesorinfersinregardtofactindispute,asdistinguishedfromthispersonalknowledgeofthefacts;notadmissibleexcept(undercertainlimitations)inthecaseofexperts.(正确答案)C.Incriminalcases,reasonablegroundsforbelievingthatthefactsjustifyissuanceofanarrestorsearchwarrant,orfurtherlegalaction.D.Greaterweightofevidence,orevidencewhichismorecreditableandconvincingtothemind,notnecessarilythegreaternumberofwitnesses.答案解析：考查opinionevidence的概念及其例外规则。Opinionevidencereferstoevidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believes,orinfersinregardtofacts,asdistinguishedfrompersonalknowledgeofthefactsthemselves.Incommonlawjurisdictionsthegeneralruleisthatawitnessissupposedtotestifyastowhatwasobservedandnottogiveanopiniononwhatwasobserved.However,therearetwoexceptionstothisrule:expertevidenceandnon-expertopiniongivenbylaymenwhichpeopleintheirdailylivesreachwithoutconsciousratiocination.6.OpinionEvidence（）[单选题]*A.Anattorney'spreliminarystatementofacaseinacourtoflaw.B.Aformalstatementofreasonsforajudgmentgiven.C.Evidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believesorinfersinregardtofactindispute,asdistinguishedfromhispersonalknowledgeofthefacts;notadmissibleexceptinthecaseofexperts.(正确答案)D.Evidencerequiringpartiestoproffertheoriginalwriting,recording,orphotographwhenattemptingtoprovethecontentsthereof.答案解析：LEC2017/11第10题。OpinionEvidence是指意见证据。意见证据规则是指证人作证时只能陈述自己体验的过去的事实，而不能将自己的判断意见和推测作为证言的内容。选项C正确。7.Manslaughter（）[单选题]*A.Thevoluntaryandintentionalkillingofone'sself.B.Thekillingofaparentorothernearrelative.C.Thekillingofapersonincircumstancesthatallowtheacttoberegardedinlawaswithoutcriminalguilt.D.Theunlawfulkillingofanotherwithoutintenttokill;eithervoluntary,orinvoluntary(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第3题。Manslaughter“非预谋杀人罪”,选项D符合释义，选项A为suicide自杀，选项B为parricide杀亲，选项C为过失杀人。8.abinitio（）[单选题]*A.aninstitutionthatisestablishedbythelegislature.B.atermmeaning“absolutely.”C.atermmeaning“fromthebeginning”.(正确答案)D.atermmeaning“toabstractfrom”.答案解析：〈拉〉自始9.AbInitio（）[单选题]*A.Alegaltermmeaning“fromthebeginning.”(正确答案)B.AlegaltermfromtheLatinmeaningliterally"thethingitselfspeaks,"butismoreoftentranslated“thethingspeaksforitself.”C.Theprosecutordeclinestoprosecute,butmaystillinitiateprosecutionwithinthetimeallowedbylaw.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2018/11第9题。AbInitio是拉丁语，表示“从头开始，自始”(fromthebeginning)。10.acquisition（）[单选题]*A.theactofgettingsomething,especiallyknowledge,askill,etc.B.itreferstothesituationinwhichonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities.(正确答案)C.somethingthatsomebodybuystoaddtowhattheyalreadyown,usuallysomethingvaluable.D.theactofjoiningtwoormoreorganizationsorbusinessesintoone.答案解析：收购,并购（多指一个公司收购某较小公司大部分股份,从而达到接管或控股的目的，两个法人实体地位在交易之后仍可同时存在）。11.Acquisition（）[单选题]*A.jurorsexcusedfromatrial.B.inthecorporatecontext,referstowhenonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities.(正确答案)C.ajudgmentthatapersonisnotguiltyofthecrimewithwhichthepersonhasbeencharged.D.theimpliedconsenttodoanact.Itcanalsobeaperson'stacitorpassiveacceptanceoragreementwithoutprotest.答案解析：LEC2012/5第2题。acquisition意为“收购，购并(多指一个公司以收购某较小公司股份的方式进行接管或达到控股的目的，两个法人实体地位在交易之后仍可同时存在)”。选项B:inthecorporatecontext,referstowhenonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities正符合题意，所以正确答案为B.12.adversarysystem（）[单选题]*A.aneducationalsystemwhereteachersencouragestudentstodiscusscasesinclass.B.alegalsystemusedinsomecivillawsystems(i.e.thosederivingfromRomanlawortheNapoleoniccode)whereajudgeorgroupofjudgesinvestigatesthecase.C.alegalsystemusedinthecommonlawcountrieswheretwoadvocatesrepresenttheirparties'positionsbeforeanimpartialpersonorgroupofpeople,usuallyajuryorjudge,whoattempttodeterminethetruthofthecase.(正确答案)D.amockcourtatwhichlawstudentsargueimaginarycasesforpractice.答案解析：adversarysystem对抗制：对抗制诉讼是英美法系区别于大陆法系的一个重要特征，是英美国家整个诉讼制度的基础。对抗制以当事人双方的诉讼对抗和法官的中立为基本特征。13.adversepossession（）[单选题]*A.theacquisitionofpropertybyatrespasserwhoseoccupationofthepropertyisexclusive,open,andcontinuousforastatutoryperiod.(正确答案)B.theforcefulpossessionofterritorybyanenemystate.C.thestealingofanotherperson’sland.D.thelawfulpossessionofanotherperson’slandwiththelatter’spermission.答案解析：adversepossession逆占有；对立占有；相反占有；时效占有：与真正所有人的权利不一致的对不动产的占有。即占有人本不享有合法占有权，却如同所有人一样对地产实施事实上的、持续性的、公开的与明显的占有，并意图排除包括真正所有人在内的其他一切人的权利。14.amicuscuriae（）[单选题]*A.onewhoisthethevictimofanaccident.B.onewhoisnotapartytoacasebutisinterestedinoraffectedbyitsoutcomeandisallowedbythecourttointroduceargumentorevidencetoassistthecourtindecidingthecase.(正确答案)C.onewhoisthethechiefjusticeofacourt.D.onewhoisthechiefjurorofacourt.答案解析：amicuscuriae〈拉〉法院之友：对案件中的疑难法律问题陈述意见并善意提醒法院注意某些法律问题的临时法律顾问；协助法庭解决问题的人。15.anticipatorybreach（）[单选题]*A.abreachwhichisanticipatedbythenon-breachingparty.B.abreachwhichisnotanticipatedbythenon-breachingparty.C.abreachofthedutyofcareowedtothevictiminatortcase.D.abreachcommittedbeforethearrivaloftheactualtimeofrequiredperformance.(正确答案)答案解析：anticipatorybreach预期违约：指在履行期限到来之前，义务人以言词、行为明确而清楚地表明其将拒绝履行义务的意图，则这些言行是对合同的放弃，另一方当事人可据此视合同已被终止。预期违约多发生在销售合同中。16.arraignment（）[单选题]*A.inacivilcase,apretrialsessionatwhichpartiesexchangetheirevidence.B.inacriminalcase,apretrialcourthearingatwhichthedefendantisinformedofthechargesagainsthimorher,isappointedcounselifnecessary,andispermittedtopleadtothecharges.(正确答案)C.alegalarrangementthathelpsmediateadispute.D.ananswertoaclaimmadebysomeoneinacriminalcaseundercommonlawusingtheadversarialsystem.答案解析：arraignmentn.传讯：英美刑事诉讼中的一项正式程序，包括三项内容：１法院将被告人传唤到庭；２向其宣读起诉书的内容；３由被告人就起诉书所指控的罪行作出答辩。在英国，被告人可以作有罪答辩、无罪答辩、或者保持沉默，或者作对管辖权有异议、不适于受审等其他形式的答辩。在美国，被告人一般可以作有罪答辩、无罪答辩、或不愿争论的答辩〔pleaofnolocontendere〕。传讯必须公开进行，答辩前必须将起诉书文本一份给予被告人。法庭对被告人的答辩应当记录在案。17.assault（）[单选题]*A.theactofattackingabuilding,anarea,etc.inordertotakecontrolofitB.theactoftryingtoachievesomethingthatisdifficultordangerousC.thethreatoruseofforceonanotherthatcausesthatpersontohaveareasonableapprehensionofimminentharmfuloroffensivecontact(正确答案)D.anactofcriticizingsomebody/somethingseverely答案解析：assaultn.(1)(刑法)(侵权法)威胁；恐吓：指威胁或使用暴力，使得他人合理地认为伤害性或侵犯性的身体接触即将发生；或者通过威胁实施殴打使得他人合理地认为殴打即将发生。(2)(刑法)企图伤害罪指意图伤害的殴击未遂，属于普通法上及制定法上的轻罪。(3)(非严格意义上)殴击(4)攻击；袭击18.Assault（）[单选题]*A.Thethreatofconfinementordetentionorotherthreatofharmusedtocompelanothertodosomethingagainsthisorherwillorjudgment.B.Thethreatoruseofforceonanotherthatcausesthatpersontohaveareasonableapprehensionofimminentharmfuloroffensivecontact.(正确答案)C.Theconfinementorrestraintofapersontoaboundedareawithoutjustificationorconsent.D.Anintentionaloroffensivetouchingofanother.答案解析：LEC2010/2第4题。选项A意为duress,胁迫，通常作为犯罪、违约或侵权的一种抗辩；选项B意为assault,威胁，恐吓，意图侵犯人身，是一种故意侵权；选项C意为falseimprisonment,非法监禁，是一种故意侵权；选项D意为battery,非法侵犯，是一种故意侵权。本题正确答案为B.19.assumptionoftherisk（）[单选题]*A.intortlaw,itisanaffirmativedefenseusedbythedefendanttoanegligencesuitclaimingthattheplaintiffhadknowledgeofaconditionorsituationobviouslydangeroustohimselforherselfandyetvoluntarilyexposedhimselforherselftothehazardcreatedbythedefendant,therebyrelievingthedefendantoflegalresponsibilityforanyresultinginjury(正确答案)B.adefensetoaclaimbasedonnegligence,anactionintort.Thisprincipleisrelevanttothedeterminationofliabilityandisapplicablewhenplaintiffs/claimantshave,throughtheirownnegligence,contributedtotheharmtheysuffered.C.apartiallegaldefensethatreducestheamountofdamagesthataplaintiffcanrecoverinanegligence-basedclaimbaseduponthedegreetowhichtheplaintiff'sownnegligencecontributedtocausetheinjury.D.itisassumedthatwhenpartiesenterintoacontractfreely,theyaccepttheriskofbusinesstheymayfaceinthefuture.答案解析：assumptionofrisk自担风险：自担风险原则，又称为「volentinonfitinjuria」，是指依照法律，当事人不得就自己同意遭受的损害获得补偿，即，如果当事人自愿置身于其觉察和了解的危险中，则不得就为此所受损害获得赔偿。自担风险是一种侵权法上的抗辩，其构成要件为：１原告对构成危险情形的事实有了解；２原告知道该情形正处于危险中；３原告对危险的性质或程度有鉴别；４原告自愿置身于危险中。但自担风险原则在原告行为符合救助或人道主义原则时，不得适用。此外，自担风险原则在劳工赔偿及交通事故保险等方面的适用也受有限制。20.barexamination（）[单选题]*A.astateexaminationtakenbyprospectivebartenders,qualifyingthemtobeservinginabarorrestaurant.B.astateexaminationtakenbyprospectivelawyers,qualifyingthemtobeadmittedtotheBarandlicensedtopracticelaw.(正确答案)C.theexaminationofalongstraightpieceofmetalorwood.D.atermusedincomputersciencemeaningthelayoutofthemenubar.答案解析：美国律师资格考试。21.bail（）[单选题]*A.eitherofthetwosmallpiecesofwoodontopofeachsetofthreewoodenpostsB.punishmentimposedonawrongdoer,usu.intheformofimprisonmentorfineC.amethodofpretrialreleaseofanaccusedpersonbymeansofhavingtheaccusedorsomeoneonhisorherbehalfdepositmoneywiththecourtoragreetopayacertainamounttoinsurehisorherappearanceatlaterproceedings,suchasatrial;moneypaidforsuchapractice(正确答案)D.anextrachargeagainstapartywhoviolatesacontractualprovision.答案解析：bailn.(1)保释在刑事诉讼中，指受到犯罪指控而被逮捕或拘押的犯罪嫌疑人或被告人交纳一定数额金钱、或提供保证人、或满足其他法律规定的条件，并保证在以后的诉讼中能够按照法庭传唤指定的时间和地点到案后，将其予以释放的制度。在美国，通常在犯罪嫌疑人或被告人初次到案〔initialappearance〕时由法官决定是否对其保释。在英国，根据1976年的《保释法》〔BailAct〕，警察、治安法官、刑事法院法官均有权决定对犯人的保释。保释可以是无条件的，也可以要求提供某种担保或满足其他条件。通常只有在存在充分的根据相信如果将被告人释放其将不会到庭或者会实施犯罪或干扰证人时，才可以拒绝给予保释。如果被保释人在保释期间潜逃或者违反保释规定，则予以逮捕。在民事诉讼中，保释是指对不履行法院判决确定的民事债务而被拘禁的债务人在交纳一定数额金钱或提供某种保证后将其释放。民事保释以债务人清偿债务或履行其他义务为条件。(2)〈英〉保证；担保海事诉讼中，被扣押船舶或其他财产的所有者可以提供与该财产等价值的担保从而解除对该财产的扣押。(3)保释保证人(4)保释金22.bestevidencerule（）[单选题]*A.arulerequiringpartiestoprovidethebestpreservedduplicateofanoriginaldocument.B.aruleallowingapartytodemandingthebestevidencefromtheopposingparty.C.arulerequiringthecourttodecideahardcasewherethebestevidenceisunavailable.D.arulerequiringpartiestoproffertheoriginalwriting,recording,orphotographwhenattemptingtoprovethecontentsthereof.(正确答案)答案解析：bestevidencerule最佳证据规则指为证明书面文件、录音录像或照片中的内容，当事人应当提供该书面文件、录音录像或照片的原件，除非该原件已丢失、毁损或因其他原因而无法提供。只有在原件已不存在或不可获得的情况下，相关的复印件、记录或证人证言等第二手的证据才可以被采纳。有时也称原始书证规则〔originalwritingrule〕。23.beyondareasonabledoubt（）[单选题]*A.thestandardofproofthatmustbemetinordertoconvictacriminaldefendantofacrime.(正确答案)B.itisastandardofproofthatislessstrictthanthepreponderanceofevidence.C.thestandardofproofthatmustbemetinordertoholdadefendantofatortliablefordamages.D.thisistheburdenofproofinmostciviltrials,inwhichthejuryisinstructedtofindforthepartythat,onthewhole,hasthestrongerevidence,howeverslighttheedgemaybe.答案解析：beyondareasonabledoubt排除合理怀疑在刑事诉讼中陪审团认定被告人有罪时适用的证明标准。即只有控诉方提出的证据对被告人有罪的事实的证明达到无合理怀疑的确定性程度时，陪审团方可裁断被告人有罪。为适用该标准，陪审团须首先推定被告人是无罪的。24.bonafidepurchaser（）[单选题]*A.abuyerwhodoesnotknowoftheseller’sidentitywhensigningthecontract.B.atermusedpredominantlyincommonlawjurisdictionsinthelawoftorts.C.onewhodoesnotknowoftheseller’swrongdoingbuthasagoodfaithbeliefthatthesellerhastitle,andinadditionpaysvaluableconsideration.(正确答案)D.abuyerwhodoesnotknowoftheseller’scapacitywhensigningthecontract.答案解析：bonafidepurchaser善意买主（财产法概念）。传统的普通法规则认为，没有人可以转让不属于他本人所有的商品。然而事实并非如此，除了盗窃物等少数情形，其他所有的情形几乎都有例外，从而最终确立了善意购买人原则：若不知标的物的权利瑕疵并且为之付出了对价，那么善意购买人对于所购财产享有对抗一切先在物主的所有权。25.burdenofproof（）[单选题]*A.thecostsofprovingafactinalegalcase.B.thetimeofprovingafactinalegalcase.C.incivilcases,itisaburdengenerallyimposedonthedefendant.D.thedutytoproveafactorfactsindispute.(正确答案)答案解析：burdenofproof:Inthelawofevidence,thenecessityordutyofaffirmativelyprovingafactorfactsindispute.指当事人为避免不利于己的裁判而提出证据证明其主张的事实并说服事实认定者〔trieroffact〕确信其主张的责任。证据法上的一般规则是提出肯定性主张的一方负证明责任，即「谁主张，谁举证」。所以，在诉讼中证明责任通常首先由原告或控告人〔prosecutor〕承担，但当其提出了充分证据能够证明其主张成立，即确立了表面案件〔primafaciecase〕时，证明责任即转移给另一方，但是在刑事诉讼中由于实行无罪推定〔presumptionofinnocence〕原则，证明被告人有罪的责任由公诉方承担，被告人不承担证明自己有罪或无罪的责任，但就某些事实或主张，被告人仍承担证明责任，如被告人主张自己精神不正常等。26.burglary（）[单选题]*A.theentryintobuildingillegallywithintenttocommitacrime,especiallytheft;thecrimeofso(正确答案)B.sellinghamburgsatalocationwhichisnotpermittedbythegovernment.C.breakingintoone’sownhouseatnightbecauseoflossofthekey.D.invitingsomeonetoenterintoone’sownhouseandconspiringtogethertocommitacrime.答案解析：burglaryn.(1)普通法夜盗罪指怀着犯重罪意图在夜里打开并且进入他人住宅的行为。(2)制定法夜盗罪与普通法夜盗罪相比，制定法夜盗罪在三个要件方面有所区别：１现代制定法已把住宅〔dwelling〕这一概念扩大到工厂车间、商店、办公处以及一切建筑物；２多数制定法取消了「夜里」这个时间要素；３有些制定法把「意图犯重罪」要件扩大为「意图犯重偷盗罪或轻偷盗罪或任何重罪」。27.____referstoentryintoabuildingillegallywithintenttocommitacrime,especiallytheft.（）[单选题]*A.ConspiracyB.LarcenyC.Burglary(正确答案)D.Extradition答案解析：LEC2009/12第7题。burglaryn.(1)普通法夜盗罪指怀着犯重罪意图在夜里打开并且进入他人住宅的行为。(2)制定法夜盗罪与普通法夜盗罪相比，制定法夜盗罪在三个要件方面有所区别：１现代制定法已把住宅〔dwelling〕这一概念扩大到工厂车间、商店、办公处以及一切建筑物；２多数制定法取消了「夜里」这个时间要素；３有些制定法把「意图犯重罪」要件扩大为「意图犯重偷盗罪或轻偷盗罪或任何重罪」。其他三项：A项，conspiracyn.同谋；共谋：指两人或多人为实施犯罪或非法行为而同谋共议，也指共谋以违法或犯罪手段实施本身并不违法的行为。B项，larcenyn.偷盗罪：以非法占有为目的，未经所有人同意而取走他人财物的行为。larceny不强调“打开并进入住宅或建筑物，意图实施盗窃或其他重罪”的这种情形，是其他情形下的盗窃。D项，extraditionn.引渡：指一国应他国之请求，将在本国境内但被该他国追诉或判刑的人移交给该国审判或处罚的行为。28.ChiefJustice（）[单选题]*A.themostimportantjudgeinalowercourt.B.thepresidingjudgeoftheUSSupremeCourt.(正确答案)C.themostsignificanttypeofjusticethegovernmentprotects.D.thepresidingjudgeofanystatecourt.答案解析：themostimportantjudgeinacourtoflaw,especiallytheUSSupremeCourt首席法官;〔尤指美国的〕最高法院首席法官.29.circuitcourt（）[单选题]*A.acourtinacounty.B.acourtspecificallydealingwithdisputesoverelectricalcircuitpatents.C.aspecifictribunalthatpossessesthelegalauthoritytohearcaseswithinitsowngeographicalterritory(正确答案)D.acourtlocatedatthecenterofastate.答案解析：巡回法院就是根据地理位置，为方便管理和诉讼而分设在不同区域内的法院。美国联邦法院将全国五十个州划分为十三个审判区域，设有十三个巡回法院，一个巡回法院往往下辖数个地区法院，每个巡回法院负责审理本区内地区法院的上诉。30.statuteoflimitations（）[单选题]*A.astatutewithmanylimitationsonitsapplication.B.astatutewhichislessthanperfect.C.astatuteenactedtolimitthescopeofprotectionforaliens.D.alawwhichsetsthemaximumperiodwhichonecanwaitbeforefilingalawsuit,dependingon(正确答案)thetypeofcaseorclaim.答案解析：statuteoflimitations=limitationperiod(1)诉讼时效（法）它以诉因形成(例如损害的发生或被发现)的日期为起点，确定当事人可以提起民事诉讼的时间期限。该制定法的目的在于要求当事人对已知的诉讼请求积极主张权利，从而为法律行为提供确定性和可预测性，并确保在证据尚未湮灭时能解决争议。(2)追诉时效（法）它以犯罪行为实施之日为基础，确定可以对某一犯罪行为提出指控的时间期限。31.limitationperiod（）[单选题]*A.astatutoryperiodafterwhichalawsuitorprosecutioncannotbebroughtincourt.(正确答案)B.alimitationimposedontheperiodofacontract.C.aperiodduringwhichaperson’srightsoverhis/herpropertyislimitedbylaw.D.alimitationimposedontheperiodofacopyright.答案解析：时限/时效：民事申索案件，一般都有一个指定的时限，时限过后，必须要得到法庭的特别批准，才可以进行有关的申索或者程序。32.accused（）[单选题]*A.apersonagainstwhomacriminalproceedingisinitiated.(正确答案)B.apersonwhoisontrialforcommittingatort.C.apersonwhoisthedefendantofacivilcase.D.apersonwhoisontrialforbreachingacontract.答案解析：Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。33.acquittal（）[单选题]*A.alegalinstrumentwhichisusedtotransferinterestinrealproperty.B.toleavetheplacewhereyoulive.C.ajudgementthatapersonisnotguiltyofthecrimewithwhichthepersonhasbeencharged.(正确答案)D.theactoffindingsomebodyguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty.答案解析：Acquittal是名词。罪名不成立：刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为"Theaccusedisacquitted”。34.adjourn（）[单选题]*A.tofinishanactivityandgosomewhere–oftenusedhumorouslyB.toaccelerateacourtproceeding.C.toterminateacourtproceeding.D.tosuspendindefinitely,oruntilalaterstatedtime.(正确答案)答案解析：休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为"adjournedfor30minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为"adjournedtoadatetobefixed”。35.affidavit（）[单选题]*A.tolinkagroup,acompanyoranorganizationverycloselywithanother,largerone.B.awrittenstatementoffactthatisverifiedbyoathoraffirmation.(正确答案)C.toconfirm,ratify,orapprove(alowercourt'sjudgment)onappeal.D.anengagement,betrothal,orfiancerisapromisetowed,andalsotheperiodoftimebetweenamarriageproposalandamarriage.答案解析：誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。36.Affidavit（）[单选题]*A.Thetranscriptofadeposition,usuallytakeninanattorney'sofficeratherthanincourt.B.Thetranscriptfromacourttrial,usuallypreparedbythe“courtreporter.”(正确答案)C.Avoluntarystatementinwriting,usuallynotarizedandoftenattachedasanexhibittoamotion(suchasamotionforapreliminaryinjunction).D.ThetranscriptfromaCongressionalhearing.答案解析：LEC2014/5第6题。Affidavit指“宣誓书；宣誓陈述书”,即当事人自愿做出的对事实的书面陈述，并需在有权主持宣誓的官员面前做出宣誓或代替宣誓的确认以保证其内容的真实性。一般情况下，宣誓书的内容限于陈述人能以自己的知识或经历(如亲闻亲见)予以证明者，但有时也可包括以此为根据的其他信息。选项B:Thetranscriptfromacourttrial,usuallypreparedbythe“courtreporter”符合题意，为正确答案。37.Affidavit（）[单选题]*A.Aswornoraffirmedstatementmadeinwritingandsigned;ifsworn,itisnotarized.(正确答案)B.Asolemnandformaldeclarationunderpenaltiesofperjurythatastatementistrue,withoutanoath.C.Anassertionoffactinapleading.D.Areasongiveninprooforrebuttal.答案解析：LEC2009/5第1题。选项A.Affidavit宣誓作证书，(经陈述者宣誓在法律上可采作证据的)书面陈述，书面证词。选项B.(不经宣誓而作的)证词(affirmation)。选项C.陈述，宣称，辩解；陈词(allegation)选项D.辩论(argument)。本题正确答案为A.38.allegation（）[单选题]*A.astory,paintingetcinwhichtheeventsandcharactersrepresentideasorteachamorallesson.B.aperson’scontinuedsupportforapoliticalparty,religion,leader,etc.C.thelegalaspectofanactionorasituation.D.adeclaration,assertion,orstatementofapartytoalawsuit,madeinapleading,andsettingoutwhatthepartyintendstoprove.(正确答案)答案解析：Allegation是名词。声称：诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言，例如：ThePlaintiffallegedthathislosswasduetotheDefendant'sbreachofcontract，原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。39.asis（）[单选题]*A.asisknowntoallB.asisoftenthecaseC.thequalityofproductssoldisasitspresentsituation.(正确答案)D.asifthequalityofproductssoldwereperfectconformingtothecontract.答案解析：asis按现状；按货样：指所出售的商品的样式、质量标准等就按出售时的商品现状〔asis〕而定，即按货物现状出售。买主对该商品的质量承担全部风险，只能依靠其自身的检测能力，购买之后不得提出任何质量问题。卖主不承担任何明示或默示的保证责任。40.balanceofprobabilities（）[单选题]*A.thegreaterweightoftheevidenceorsuperiorevidentiaryweightthatissufficienttoinclineafairandimpartialmindtoonesideoftheissueratherthantheother.(正确答案)B.introductionofprobabilitiesintothestudyoflawscience.C.thebalanceoffairnessandefficiencyindecidinghardcases.D.thehighpossibilitythatajudgestrikesabalancebetweenpersonalfeelingsofjusticeandpublicopinionwhendecidinghardcases.答案解析：balanceofprobabilities=preponderanceoftheevidence证据优势作为民事案件的证明标准，指较相反的证据更有份量、更具说服力的证据，即证据所试图证明的事实，其存在的可能性大于不存在的可能性。证据的优势不一定取决于证人人数的多寡，而是指证据的份量、可靠程度和价值。41.WhatisthelegaldepartmentofthefederalgovernmentcalledintheUnitedStates?（）[单选题]*A.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.B.B.StateDepartmentC.DepartmentofJustice.(正确答案)D.JudicialDepartment答案解析：美国联邦政府的法律部门是司法部DepartmentofJustice,选项C符合题意。选项ADepartmentofHomelandSecurity是美国国土安全局。选项B,DepartnentofState是美国国务院。选项D,JudicialDepartment表述错误；法院组织的政府部门，其中之一是JudicialBranch(司法部门/司法机构)。42.WhatisthelegaldepartmentofthefederalgovernmentcalledintheUnitedStates?（）[单选题]*A.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.B.MinistryofDefense.C.DepartmentofJustice.(正确答案)D.MinistryofLaw答案解析：美国的司法部(DepartmentofJustice)是美国联邦政府的司法机关。选项C正确。43.Thecommonlawsystemcameinto__,historically,inEnglandlargelyastheresultoftheactivityoftheroyalcourtsofjusticeaftertheNormanConquest.（）[单选题]*A.lifeB.nameC.existence(正确答案)D.Been答案解析：根据句意，此句在描述普通法系产生existence的主要原因。故选项C正确。44.Whatisthethree-tierhierarchyofthebasicfederalcourtsystemintheUnitedStates?（）[单选题]*A.theDistrictCourt,theCourtofAppeals,theSupremeCourt.(正确答案)B.theClaimsCourt,theTaxCourt,theDistrictCourt.C.theDistrictCourt,theCircuitCourt,theSuperiorCourt.D.theDistrictCourt,theCourtofAppeals,theSuperiorCourt.答案解析：美国法院实行联邦法院和州法院双重体制。美国宪法第3条就联邦法院系统做出了规定：“合众国的司法权，属于联邦最高法院和国会不时设立的下级法院。”这就使美国联邦法院系统呈现出一种金字塔状的组织结构，包括联邦最高法院和下级法院。下级法院由地区法院和上诉法院组成。所以正确的选项是A45.Inmostjurisdictions,whatisthehighestacademicdegreethatanapplicantmustfirstearnbeforehecanbeadmittedtothebar?（）[单选题]*A.JurisDoctor(JD).(正确答案)B.MasterofLaws(LLM).C.MasterofArts(MA).D.BachelorofScience(BSc).答案解析：本题考查对美国法学学科学位授予情况的了解。JurisDoctor(J.D.)指法律博士，拥有J.D.学位的学生可以参加任何州的BarExam。根据题意，选项A为选项正确。46.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueintheUnitedStates?（）[单选题]*A.Admissiontothebaristhegrantingofpermissionbyaparticularcourtsystemtoalawyertopracticelawinthatsystem.B.Tworequirementsarethemostimportantinlawschooladmission:theapplicant'sundergraduateGPAandscoresontheLSAT.C.Lawreviewsarelegalacademicjournalseditedandinpartwritten