LEC术语大赛官方测试复习测试卷附答案

LEC术语大赛官方测试复习测试卷附答案1.Garnishment（）[单选题]*A.Anoticeissuedbypolicetoaskasuspecttoreportacrime.B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Areductioninsentencedtimeinprisonasarewardforgoodbehavior.Itusuallyisone-thirdtoone-halfoffthemaximumsentence.D.Acourtordertotakepartofaperson'swagesorothermoneyowedtohimorherbeforeheorshereceivesthemoney,becauseofanunpaiddebtowedtoacreditorwhohasobtainedajudgmentagainstthedebtor.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2014/11第1题。Garnishment指“扣押财产(或欠款)令；扣押债务人财产的通知”。选项D:Acourtordertotakepartofaperson'swagesorothermoneyowedtohimorherbeforeheorshereceivesthemoney,becauseofanunpaiddebtowedtoacreditorwhohasobtainedajudgmentagainstthedebtor符合题意，为正确答案。另见例句：Judiciallienmainlycontainsattachmentlien,garnishmentlienandjudgmentlien.司法担保主要包括查封担保、扣押担保、判决担保。2.Standing（）[单选题]*A.Abbreviationof“notwithstanding”.B.Thefirstdraftofaproposedcourtjudgment.C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.(正确答案)D.Acourt'swrittenordercommandingsomeonetodoorrefrainfromdoingsomespecifiedact.答案解析：LEC2014/11第3题。Standing指“当事人适格；诉由”。选项C:Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy符合题意，为正确答案。另见解释：Thelegalrighttobringalawsuit,onlyapersonwithsomelegallyrecognizedinterestatstakehasstandingtobringalawsuit.3.GrandJury（）[单选题]*A.Ajuryempanelledtoimposeapenaltyofdeathbyhanging.B.Ajurythatcannotreachaverdictbytherequiredvotingmargin.C.Ajurysummonedbythecoronertoinvestigatethecauseofdeath.D.Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2014/11第4题。GrandJury指“大陪审团”。大陪审团人数通常多于一般审讯、审理陪审团成员人数，自早期的习惯法以来，它有12至23个陪审员。大陪审团接受刑事案件的申诉和指控，听取公诉人引证的证据，当觉得有正当理由和足够证据时，同意公诉人对被告进行指控。与大陪审团相对的是小陪审团(petitjury)或审理陪审团(trialjury)。大陪审团的主要作用是在经过调查之后，决定是否存在合理根据(probablecause)来起诉某人；而小陪审团的作用是通过对事实的认证之后，决定在民事案中是否有侵权行为发生，在刑事案件中是否有犯罪行为发生。选项D:Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases符合题意，为正确答案。4.ProximateCause（）[单选题]*A.Innegligencelaw,thecreationofalegalduty.B.Innegligencelaw,thebreachofalegalduty.C.Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact).(正确答案)D.Innegligencelaw,thedamagesresultingfromabreachofduty.答案解析：LEC2014/11第5题。ProximateCause指“近因”。其解释为：oneofthefourrequirementsforatort,whichproducesanevent,withoutwhichtheinjurywouldnothaveoccurred.选项C:Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact)[注：C项表述不完整，后面应该遗漏了”andharm/damage“，但考试时仍认为其是对的。]符合题意，为正确答案。另见例句：Thepublicprosecutormustprovethedefendant'sactwastheproximatecauseoftheinjury.检察官必须证明被告的行为是造成伤害的近因。5.SummaryDisposition（）[单选题]*A.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.(正确答案)B.ProceedingswherethecourtdecidesanissueinapromptandsimplemannerwiththeaidofajuryC.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.D.Thejudicialprocessconductedwiththecustomarylegalformalities.答案解析：LEC2014/11第7题。SummaryDisposition指“【民法】简易判决；即决处理”。选项A:Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties符合题意，为正确答案。6.StareDecisis（）[单选题]*A.Referstoacaseheardortobeheardbeforetheentirebenchratherthanbyapanelselectedfromthem.B.Thedoctrinethatthedecisionsofthecourtshouldserveasprecedentsforfuturecases.(正确答案)C.Thetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2014/11第8题。StareDecisis指“〈拉丁语〉遵循先例原则”。遵循先例原则是判例法的一个基本原则，它是判例法得以形成的基础。遵循先例原则的基本含义就是：包含在以前判例中的法律原则对以后同类案件有约束力(bindingeffect),高级法院的判决对下级法院处理同类案件有约束力；同一法院的判决对其以后的同类案件的判决具有约束力。确切地说，是指一个判决中所含有的法律原则或规则，对其他法院或者甚至对本法院以后的审判，具有约束力或者说服力(persuasiveeffect)。选项B:thedoctrinethatthedecisionsofthecourtshouldserveasprecedentsforfuturecases符合题意，为正确答案。7.MensRea（）[单选题]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.AtermusedtodescribeissuesandclaimscapableofbeingproperlyexaminedincourtC.Referstothe“guiltymind”necessarytoestablishcriminalresponsibility.(正确答案)D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2014/11第9题。MensRea指“犯罪心态；犯罪意图”。在普通法上，“犯罪心态”与“犯罪行为(actusreus)”是犯罪主客观方面的两个基本要素。犯罪心态指行为人在事实社会危害行为时应受到社会谴责的心理状态，包括蓄意(intention)、明知(knowledge)、轻率(recklessness)和疏忽(negligence)。选项C:referstothe“guiltymind”necessarytoestablishcriminalresponsibility符合题意，为正确答案。8.The“moralright”incopyrightprotectionrefersto（）[单选题]*A.the“uplifting”moralityofaworkofart.B.theinalienablepersonalrightsuchasauthorship.(正确答案)C.therighttoprohibitothersfromusingthecopyrightedworkinanimmoralwayD.theimmortalityofagreatliterarywork.答案解析：LEC2014/11第50题。本题考查对版权保护(copyrightprotection)中moralright的认识和理解。moralright可译为“道德权利”（著作人身权）,是指在民法概念体系中，高于可剥夺(如因某经济目的而进行的转让、分配、分割)的经济权利的不可剥夺之权利。moralright旨在保护作者作品从个人角度来说的完整性，保护作者将其作品和作品名称保持一致性的权利。因此，选项B切合题意，为正确答案。9.Binding（）[单选题]*A.Asusedinstatute,commonlymeansobligatory.(正确答案)B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Acontractfortemporaryinsurance;merelyawrittenmemorandumofthemostimportantitemsofapreliminarycontract.D.Afindingatapreliminaryexaminationthatsufficientevidenceexiststorequireatrialonthechargesmadeagainstthedefendant.答案解析：LEC2015/5第1题。Binding意为“有法律上的约束力”,即当事人必须按法律规定或约定行事，为“义务性”的。10.Blackmail（）[单选题]*A.Theindictmentfiledbyaprosecutor.B.Judgmentissuedbytheblackjudges.C.Incommonlawsystems,thetermisusedtorefertothetechnicallegalrulestobeappliedinaparticulararea,whicharemostoftenwell-establishedandnolongersubjecttoreasonabledispute.D.Thecrimeofthreateningtorevealembarrassing,disgracefulordamaginginformationaboutapersontothepublic,family,spouseorassociatesunlessmoneyispaidtopurchasesilence.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2015/5第2题。Blackmail意为“敲诈；勒索；恐吓(包含未遂的)”,也称制定法上之勒索罪(statutoryextortion),指以伤害身体、毁坏财物、控告犯罪或揭露丑闻相威胁而非法索要钱财的行为。11.Competency（）[单选题]*A.Ofalossorhardshipforwhichcompensationcanbeobtained.B.Damagesawardedtocompensatethenonbreachingorinjuredparty.C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.D.Thepresenceofthosecharacteristics,whichmakeawitnesslegallyfitandqualifiedtogivetestimonyincourt-applied,inthesamesense,todocumentsorotherwrittenevidence.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2015/5第3题。Competency意为"[证据法]作证能力,证明力",指证人能否在法庭作证的能力或资格;相应地,也指书证等能否作为证据被法庭采纳用以对案件某一问题子以证明。12.PetitJury（）[单选题]*A.Ajuryempanelledtoimposeapenaltyofdeathbyhanging.B.Ajurythatcannotreachaverdictbytherequiredvotingmargin.C.Ajuryof6or12personsselectedtohearthetrialofacivilorcriminalcaseandtodetermineissuesoffact.(正确答案)D.Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases.答案解析：LEC2015/5第4题。PetitJury意为“小陪审团”,指审理民事或刑事案件的普通陪审团，之所以有此称谓是因为要与大陪审团(grandjury)相区分。13.DefaultJudgment（）[单选题]*A.Ajudgmentsettingasideajury'sverdict.B.Apersonwholacksthefinancialresourcesnecessarytosatisfyajudgmentfordamagesorwhosewagesorpropertyisprotectedfromjudicialattachmentbylaw.C.Actiontakenbythecourtwhenapersonfailstoappearincourtinanswertoasummonsinacivilcase.(正确答案)D.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.答案解析：LEC2015/5第5题。DefaultJudgment意为“缺席审判”,指被告在庭审中不到庭或未对原告的请求作出答辩的情况下，法庭所作的对被告不利的判决。14.NonEstFactum（）[单选题]*A.Referstoacaseheardortobeheardbeforetheentirebenchratherthanbyapanelselectedfromthem.B.Itisnothisorherdeed.Thisisadefencetoanactionfoundedonadocumentwherethedefendantallegesthateventhoughtheymayhavesignedthedocumenttheydidnotknowwhatthedocumentcontained.(正确答案)C.Meansthetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2015/5第8题。NonEstFactum意为“＜拉丁语〉这不是我所签署的”,很多情况下，“这不是我的契约”(Itisnotmydeed)是被告的辩词，声称其从没有签署文件，或签署文件的时候并不知道文件的内容。15.PerCuriam（）[单选题]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.Bydecisionofacourtinunanimousagreement.(正确答案)C.Atermusedtodescribeissuesandclaimscapableofbeingproperlyexaminedincourt.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2015/5第9题。PerCurian意为"法庭一致通过",指由法庭全体同意,如"percuriamorinion"即是表示全体法官一致的意见,对有关问题不必再作讨论。16.Interpleader（）[单选题]*A.Onewhoiscommittedtoaninstitution,suchasaprisonerataprison.B.Alegalactionenablingapersontopaymoniesintocourtandforcetwoormorepersonshavingcompetingorconflictingclaimsagainsthimorherforthesamethingtodisputethematteramongthemselves.(正确答案)C.Incommonlawsystems,thetermisusedtorefertothetechnicallegalrulestobeappliedinaparticulararea,whicharemostoftenwell-establishedandnolongersubjecttoreasonabledispute.D.Acourtorderrestrainingapersonfromdoingorcontinuingtodosomethingthatthreatensorcausesirreparableinjurytoanother;orrequiringthepersontodoaparticularact.答案解析：LEC2015/11第2题。Interpleader“交互诉讼”,在有两人或两人以上对由第三人持有的财产提出同一权利主张时，确定该财产所有权的诉讼程序。即持有某项财产但对该财产不享有任何利益者，在有两人或两人以上对该财产均提出了权利主张，而他又不知道谁是真正的权利者，且已被或将会被主张权力者起诉要求其返还财产时，为避免自己受到损害，要求他们相互之间进行诉讼，已确定真正的权利人。选项B表述符合“交互诉讼”的含义，本题正确答案为B。17.Precedent（）[单选题]*A.Theintroductorypartofastatute,deed,orothersimilardocument,statingitspurpose,aims,andjustification.B.Apreviouscaseorlegaldecisionthatmaybeormustbefollowedinsubsequentsimilarcases.(正确答案)C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.D.Thepresenceofthosecharacteristics,whichmakeawitnesslegallyfitandqualifiedtogivetestimonyincourt-applied,inthesamesense,todocumentsorotherwrittenevidence答案解析：LEC2015/11第3题。Precedent“先例、判例”。法院的判决是同级法院或下级法院以后处理有相同或类似法律问题案件的范例，以前的司法判决是以后处理类似案件的法律依据。选项B符合precedent的定义，本题正确答案为B。18.WrittenInstrument（）[单选题]*A.Awritusedbyasuperiorcourttopreventaninferiorcourtfromexceedingitsjurisdiction.B.Actiontakenbythecourtwhenapersonfailstoappearincourtinanswertoasummonsinacivilcase.C.Anythingreducedtowriting;theagreementorcontractthewritingcontains.Adocumentorwritingthatgivesformalexpressiontosomeact.(正确答案)D.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.答案解析：LEC2015/11第5题。WrittenInstrument“书面证明，书证”。书证是采取书面形式用文字、符号或图画所表达的思想内容来证明案件事实的证据。书证包括合同书，各种各样的公、私文书，租赁契约，结婚证，房产证，商标，信件，电报，牌号，车船票，各种运输单据，交通事故责任认定书等。根据题意，选项C为正确答案。19.UnlawfulSearch（）[单选题]*A.Injurytoaperson'scharacterorreputationbythespokenword.B.Adetentionofrealestatewithouttheconsentoftheownerorotherpersonentitledtoitspossession.C.Incollectionorbankruptcyproceedings,adebtoraclaimisunsecuredifthereisnocollateral,ortotheextentthevalueofcollateralislessthantheamountofthedebt.D.ExaminationorinspectionofpremisesorpersonswithoutauthorityofthelawandinviolationoftheimmunityfromunreasonablesearchandseizureundertheFourthAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitution.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2015/11第6题。UnlawfulSearch“非法搜查”。根据《美国宪法第四修正案》,任何人的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和查封；没有合理事实依据，不得签发搜查令和逮捕令。根据表述，选项D为正确答案。20.TrueBill（）[单选题]*A.Abillofindictmentfoundbyagrandjurytobesupportedbysufficientevidencetojustifythehearingofacase.(正确答案)B.Formofequitableproceedingsbroughttosecureanexplanation,alteration,orreversalofafinaldecreebythecourtwhichrenderedit.C.Thelegaldocumentthatsetsupalivingtrust.D.Astatementofrightsofaclassofpeopleinparticular.ThefirsttenamendmentstotheAmericanConstitution.答案解析：LEC2015/11第7题。TrueBill“正式起诉状、起诉书”,由大陪审团认为证据充分而准予受理。根据表述，选项A为正确答案。21.PrimaFacie（）[单选题]*A.Referstothosefactsthatwillestablishaparty'srighttolegalreliefifnoevidencetothecontraryisofferedbytheparty'sopponent.(正确答案)B.Itisnothisorherdeed.Thisisadefencetoanactionfoundedonadocumentwherethedefendantallegesthateventhoughtheymayhavesignedthedocumenttheydidnotknowwhatthedocumentcontained.C.Thetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2015/11第8题。PrimaFacie“表面(或初步)证据确凿的案件”,是指在被诉方没有进行有力的反驳时，要求法庭在法律方面作出有利于投诉方的裁决。根据题意，选项A为正确答案。22.ForceMajeure（）[单选题]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.Referstounforeseeablecircumstancesthatpreventsomeonefromfulfillingacontract.(正确答案)C.AjudgmentissuedbyacourthavingjurisdictioninIndianterritory,aforeignstate,orastateotherthanthehomestate.D.Alegalproceedingtoenforcepaymentofadebtthroughthesaleofpropertyonwhichthecreditorholdslien.答案解析：LEC2015/11第9题。ForceMajeure“不可抗力”,意指不能预见、不能控制的事件或结果。不可抗力条款在合同解释中颇为常见，其意在当合同当事人因非其所能控制的且以正当注意仍无法避免的原因而致其不能履行合同时，对该当事人提供保护。根据题意，正确答案为B。23.Theinitialstatementmadebyattorneysforeachside,outliningthefactseachintendstoestablishduringthetrialiscalled（）[单选题]*A.oralargumentB.oath.C.openingstatement.(正确答案)D.overrule.答案解析：LEC2015/11第10题。选项A:oralargument口头辩论。选项B:oath宣誓；陈述真实性的声明。选项C:openingstatement(律师)开庭陈述，指律师在庭审开始时，出示证据之前向陪审团就案件性质及预计提供的证据所作的简要陈述，其目的在于使陪审团对案件事实及所涉争议具有总括性的了解，从而便于其理解随后将要提出的证据。选项D:overrule驳回，否决。根据题意，正确答案为C。24.JudicialReview（）[单选题]*A.PowerofthePresidenttoremovejudgesfromofficerforpoliticalreasons.B.PoweroftheU.S.Congresstoreviewactsofadministrativeagencies.C.Apopularannualmusicalshowputonbyjudgesatjudicialconferences.D.Powerofthecourtstoreviewactsofotherbranchesofgovernment.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/5第1题。JudicialReview意为“司法审查”,在美国，司法审查亦称“违宪审查”,是指法院审查国会制定的法律是否符合宪法，以及行政机关的行为是否符合宪法及法律。25.Misrepresentation（）[单选题]*A.Atruthfulpresentationofthefacts.B.Anintentionalfalsestatementthatisreasonablyrelieduponbyanothertothatperson'sdetriment.(正确答案)C.Intentionallyandmaliciouslyhurtingaperson'sfeelings.D.Atermusedinthecourttodescribealawyer'spresentationoffactstoajury.答案解析：LEC2016/5第3题。Misrepresentation意为"虚假陈述"或"失实陈述",指以语言或其他行为作出与事实的实际情况不符的意思表示,如被他人接受,会导致错误的理解。虚假陈述一般旨在欺骗或诱导他人。26.Liable（）[单选题]*A.Adefamatorystatementinwriting.B.Adefamatorystatementthatisspoken.C.Criminalguilt.D.Civilresponsibilityasdeterminedbyajudgeorjury.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/5第5题。Liable在法律英语指“有法律责任的”“有义务的”,一般用beliablefor结构，即“对……负法律责任，其名词为liability(法律责任)。27.DefaultJudgment（）[单选题]*A.Awrongfuldecisionbyatrialjudge.B.Anorderenteredwhenthejurycannotreachadecision.C.Orderthatajudgewillenterwhenadefendantfailstoappearincourt.(正确答案)D.ExaminationorinspectionofpremisesorpersonswithoutauthorityofthelawandinviolationoftheimmunityfromunreasonablesearchandseizureundertheFourthAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitution.答案解析：LEC2008/12第5题；LEC2016/5第6题。Defaultjudgment意为“缺席判决”,指被告在庭审中不到庭或未对原告的请求作出答辩的情况下，法庭所作的对被告不利的判决。28.Summons（）[单选题]*A.Abillofindictmentfoundbyagrandjurytobesupportedbysufficientevidencetojustifythehearingofacase.B.Formofequitableproceedingsbroughttosecureanexplanation,alteration,orreversalofafinaldecreebythecourtwhichrenderedit.C.Paperthatinformsadefendantthatalawsuithasbeenfiledandthatthedefendantmustappearincourt.(正确答案)D.Astatementofrightsofaclassofpeopleinparticular.ThefirsttenamendmentstotheAmericanConstitution.答案解析：LEC2016/5第7题。Summons意为“传票”,指法院要求某人到庭所使用的一种正式书面文件。在美国民事诉讼中，当原告提起诉讼(filingofthecomplaint)后，法院书记官(clerk)签发传票，交执行官(marshal)或特别指定的人送达给被告，告知其原告已在法庭对其提起了诉讼，并要求其于指定日期到庭对原告的起诉作出答辩，否则，法院将会作出原告胜诉的缺席判决。29.ParolEvidenceRule（）[单选题]*A.Referstounforeseeablecircumstancesthatpreventsomeonefromfulfillingacontract.B.Arulerequiringanappellatecourttoreverseaconvictionandawardanewtrialwhenanobviouserrorinthetrialproceedings,whichwasnotobjectedtoduringthetrialandwentuncorrectedbythetrialcourt,affectedthedefendant'sfundamentalrighttoafairtrial.C.Whenpartiesputanagreementinwriting,allpreviousoralagreementsmergewiththewritingandsubsequentoralevidencecannotmodifytheagreement.(正确答案)D.Alegalproceedingtoenforcepaymentofadebtthroughthesaleofpropertyonwhichthecreditorholdslien.答案解析：LEC2016/5第9题。ParolEvidenceRule意为“口头证据规则”。[Parol“口头的”之意。注：不能拼写成parole，末尾加e就是另外一词——“假释”]作为合同解释规则，美国合同法中的口头证据规则是指：如果合同主体同意书面文件是他们之间协议条款的最终和完整的表达，那么协议前或同时的证据就不能被采纳用以否定或改变书面文件，或给书面文件增加新的条款。根据此项规则，当事人签订正式书面合同时，合同条款不得因此前的书面或口头协议而变更或推翻，但不排除与书面合同并无抵触的口头证据。该规则也适用于遗嘱及信托。30.Accessory（）[单选题]*A.personwhoisobligatedonanaccount.B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Someonewhogivesassistancetotheperpetratorofcrime,withoutdirectlycommittingit,sometimeswithoutbeingpresent.(正确答案)D.Anindividualorinstitutionthatassumesanobligationtopaybysigningfororconsentingtoacheckordraft.答案解析：LEC2016/11第1题。A意为accountdebtor(债务人),D意为acceptor(承兑票据的人),只有C符合题意，accessory(同谋，帮凶，从犯)。31.Beneficiary（）[单选题]*A.Formertermusedforgiftofpersonalpropertybyawill.B.Onewhoreceivesbenefitsunderatrustorawill.(正确答案)C.Theenhancedvalueofrealpropertyarisingfromlocalimprovements.D.Thedecisionmadebyajuryastowhetheracriminaldefendantisguiltyornotguiltyorwhetheracivildefendantisliableornotliable.答案解析：LEC2016/11第2题。beneficiary“信托受益人或遗嘱受遗赠人”,选项B符合释义。选项A是bequest,即遗赠物，遗产，选项C为betterment不动产增值，选项D是判令。32.GeneralDamages（）[单选题]*A.Thevoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.B.Compensationforthelossdirectlyandnecessarilyincurredbyabreachofcontract.(正确答案)C.Referstocourtsthathavenolimitonthetypesofcriminalandcivilcasestheymayhear.D.Ademurrerthatraisesthequestionwhetherthepleadingagainstwhichitisdirectedlacksthedefiniteallegationsessentialtoacauseofactionordefense.答案解析：LEC2016/11第4题。GeneralDamages是（一般）违约/侵权赔偿金，指对不法行为所当然或通常造成的损害或损失给予的金钱补偿。原告毋需在诉状中专门说明或加以证明。因此选项B符合释义【注：本题B选项其实是有一定问题的，generaldamages不仅用于指一般违约赔偿金，也可指一般侵权赔偿金。但其他选项更不妥当。】。选项A为generalassignment全部转让(他的利益)给他的债权人；选项C为generaljurisdiction普通管辖权(指法院无限制审理刑事或民事案件);选项D为generaldemurrer全面抗辩。33.GoodFaith（）[单选题]*A.Honestintenttoactwithouttakinganunfairadvantageoveranotherperson.(正确答案)B.Areductioninsentencedtimeinprisonasarewardforgoodbehavior.C.Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact).D.Anintangiblebutrecognizedbusinessassetwhichistheresultofsuchfeaturesofanongoingenterpriseastheproductionorsaleofreputablebrandnameproducts,agoodrelationshipwithcustomersandsuppliers,andthestandingofthebusinessinitscommunity答案解析：LEC2016/11第5题。GoodFaith为诚实信用或诚信原则，选项A符合释义。选项B为goodtime减刑，选项C为原告行为间的密切关系，选项D为goodwill/goodwill善意，良好心愿的，慈善性质的。34.IntrinsicEvidence（）[单选题]*A.Suchasisrelevantandgoestothesubstantialissuesindispute.B.Anobjectrelevanttofactsinissueatatrial,andproducedforinspectionattrialratherthandescribedbyawitness.C.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.D.Partoftheinternalchaincomposingtheprocessofadjudication.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第7题。IntrinsicEvidence为固有的证据，内部证据，即“１在庭审中通过对证人的询问而获得的证据；２存在于书面文件中的证据。”选项D（“构成裁决过程的内部链条的一部分”，它是指intrinsicevidence的地位）符合释义。其他选项更不妥当：选项A为争论中相关和本质的问题，选项B为审讯中通常由检方而非证人方提出的反对意见，选项C为由法庭所普遍接受的基本原则或在司法条约中体现出的法条。35.NoloContendere（）[单选题]*A.Nocontest.Apleathroughwhichthedefendantdoesnotadmitguilt,but(正确答案)whichhasthesamelegaleffectasapleaofguiltyinacriminalcase.B.Onewhoisjoinedasapartyordefendantmerelybecausethetechnicalrulesofpleadingrequirehispresenceintherecord.C.Theprosecutordeclinestoprosecute,butmaystillinitiateprosecutionwithinthetimeallowedbylaw.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2016/11第9题。NoloContendere为无罪申诉(刑事诉讼中，被告人不认罪但又放弃申辩),选项A符合释义，选项B为nominalparty名义上的当事人，选项C为nolleprosequi原告撤诉，选项D为绝对财产占有权。36.BlackLetterLaw（）[单选题]*A.Acivilcode.B.DefinitionsfromBlack'sLawDictionary.C.Lawsconcerningtheprivacyoflettersandothercorrespondences.D.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第10题。BlackLetterLaw为应用于某一领域的，已经被广泛接受和认可的法律规定，选项D符合释义。37.Acontractthathasbeenfullyperformediscalledaoran（）[单选题]*A.unilateralcontract.B.bilateralcontract.C.executedcontract.(正确答案)D.functionalcontract.答案解析：LEC2016/11第16题。executedcontract(1)已履行的合同指双方当事人均已完全履行义务的合同。如只是部分履行，则称为部分履行合同〔partiallyexecutedcontract〕，实为待履行合同〔executorycontract〕。(2)即时清结合同指合同订立时立即完全履行的合同，例如即时交割、银货两讫的现金合同〔cashsale〕。38.Rescissionisdefinedas（）[单选题]*A.thecancellationofacontractbyathirdparty.B.thecancellationofacontractduetoa“timeisoftheessence”clause.C.thecancellationofacontractbyoneoftheparties.D.thecancellationofacontractbymutualagreementoftheparties.(正确答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第17题。美国《统一商法典》〔U.C.C.〕试图根据不同情况而对相关的语词进行区分。例如，rescission（合意解除）是指通过双方协议的方式解除合同；「终止」〔termination〕是指根据前述协议所授予的合同解除权而解除合同义务，即“约定解除权的行使”；「取消」〔cancellation〕则是指由于合同对方的违约而终止合同，即“法定解除权的行使”。因此，本题选D。【注：rescission还有“撤销合同”的意思，其含义并不精准；“撤销”还有其他表达，如avoid/invalidate】39.Ifasellerbreachescontract,thenthebuyercan（）[单选题]*A.suethesellerforcompensatorydamages.(正确答案)B.suethesellerforpunitivedamages.C.declarethecontractforfeited.D.noneoftheanswersshown.答案解析：LEC2016/11第18题。compensatorydamages补偿性损害赔偿金：指用于补偿实际的和精神的损失、伤害的一切损害赔偿金，但不包括惩罚性损害赔偿金〔punitiveorexemplarydamages〕和名义损害赔偿金〔nominaldamages〕。违约责任一般不包括惩罚性赔偿。40.Iftheacceptedoffervariesfromtheoriginaloffer,itisknownasaoran（）[单选题]*A.reformation.B.counter-offer.(正确答案)C.earnestmoneydeposit.D.rescission.答案解析：LEC2016/11第19题。counteroffern.反要约：指进行磋商的双方当事人中的一方就对方提出的要约所发出的要约。附条件的承诺、在要约中增加内容或对要约内容进行任何实质性改变均被视为反要约。反要约导致对原要约的拒绝以及向要约人发出新要约的法律效果。这是由英美合同法中的「镜像规则」〔mirror-imagerule〕所决定的。但是，根据美国《统一商法典》〔U.C.C.〕第2-207条的规定，在货物买卖合同中，承诺即使与原要约有所不同或对其有所补充，仍具有承诺的效力，补充条款应被解释为是对合同的补充建议。这一规定在实质上修改了前述原则。41.ThejudiciaryisoneofthethreeseparateandindependentbranchesofgovernmentestablishedbyoftheUnitedStatesConstitution.（）[单选题]*A.ArticleI.B.ArticleII.C.ArticleIII.(正确答案)D.ArticleIV.答案解析：LEC2018/12第2题。美国宪法序言只有一句话，由52个单词构成，阐明了制定美国宪法的理论基础和目的。序言之后，美国宪法由七章组成：第一章立法权，第二章行政权，第三章司法权，第四章各州权力和限制，第五章宪法修正程序，第六章联邦权力，第七章宪法批准程序。截至目前，美国宪法共通过了27个有效的修正案。其中，最初的10个修正案是一次性被通过的，因其主要规定了人民的权利和对政府的限制，被统称为权利法案。此后的17个修正案则是逐次通过的。美国宪法结构及内容是LEC考试中经常出现的问题，考生应熟练掌握。42.Theroleofajuryistodecide:（）[单选题]*A.Issuesoflaw.B.Properjurisdiction.C.Questionsoffact.(正确答案)D.Propervenue.答案解析：LEC2018/12第3题。美国一审时多数案件由陪审团判定“事实问题”(questionsoffact),而法官仅负责解释法律问题(issuesoflaw),当事人可以放弃陪审团审判，要求改由法官审判。如果是刑事案件，陪审团定被告有罪(convict)后再由法官量刑(sentencing)。民事案件中，赔偿金额也由陪审团决定。本题正确答案为C.43.Thecommonlawsystemcameinto_,historically,inEnglandlargelyastheresultoftheactivityoftheroyalcourtsofjusticeaftertheNormanConquest.（）[单选题]*A.lifeB.nameC.existence(正确答案)D.been.答案解析：从历史上看，普通法体系在英国的形成主要是诺曼征服后皇家法院活动的结果。原文”being”与”existence”同义，存在。因此，选项C是正确的。44.RoyalcourtshadonlyoverRoyalfinance,ownershipandpossessionofland,andseriouscrime.（）[单选题]*A.authority(正确答