2025版中考英语复习课件 专题1 名词

试题精练考点精讲专题一名词第2部分语法突破一、词法考点精讲考点

可数名词及其单复数1．可数名词单数变复数的规则变化情况分类变化规则举例一般情况在词尾加-smovie→movies(2024.64),year→years(2023.62),apple→________以s，x，ch，sh等结尾的词在词尾加-esbus→buses,fox→________，watch→________，brush→________apples

foxes

watches

brushes

情况分类变化规则举例以元音字母加y结尾的词在词尾加-stoy→toys,monkey→__________，key→________以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-esbaby→babies,family→________以f/fe结尾的词在词尾加-sroof→roofs,belief→________，chief→________变f/fe为v，再加-eswife→wives,knife→________，wolf→_______，life→_______两者皆可scarf→scarfs/scarvesmonkeys

keys

families

beliefs

chiefs

knives

wolves

lives

情况分类变化规则举例以o结尾的词有生命的词加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes巧学妙记Heroeslikepotatoesandtomatoes.无生命的词加-sphoto→photos,radio→________radios

注意(1)如果词尾的ch发/k/音，变复数要加-s。如：stomach→stomachs(2)有些以-s结尾的名词不是名词复数形式。如：physics物理politics政治news新闻(3)chopsticks,glasses(眼镜),scissors,trousers,shoes,jeans等词一般以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。但若被apairof修饰，谓语动词则用单数形式。(4)名词作定语时单复数的变化：①一般情况下，直接用单数形式。如：papertiger纸老虎②个别情况下，用复数形式。如：sportsmeeting运动会clothesshop服装店③被man或woman修饰时，若被修饰词变为复数，修饰词应变为men或women。如：manteacher→menteachers2．可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化情况分类举例a→eman→men,woman→__________特例：human→humansoo→eefoot→feet,tooth→__________,goose→__________单复数同形sheep→sheep,deer→deerwomen

teeth

geese

情况分类举例复数形式表特殊意义spirits情绪,manners礼貌,arms军备特殊变化mouse→mice,child→children某国人单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,Swissa→eEnglishmen,Frenchwomen加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks巧学妙记中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面注意

常见的集体名词(1)形式为单数，但意义可以为单数或复数(family,public,class,crowd,team,couple等)。当它们作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调整体中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：(2)形式为单数，但意义为复数(people,police,staff等)。如：Thepolicearetryingtofindasolution.警方正在努力寻找解决办法。特例

people意为“人，人们”时，本身为复数；意为“民族”时，其复数形式为peoples。3．可数名词数量的表达类别用法举例具体的量基数词(one除外)＋可数名词复数twobooks两本书，

onethousandpeople一千人基数词(one除外)＋单位词＋of＋可数名词复数threeboxesofapples三箱苹果，tenkilosofvegetables十千克蔬菜类别用法举例不具体的量hundred,thousand,million,billion用复数形式，后接ofhundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof数以百计/千计/百万计的用于可数名词复数前表示概数few很少，afew/several几个，

some/any一些，(too)many/a(large)numberof/alotof/lotsof/plentyof许多注意

对可数名词的数量进行提问时，用howmany。1．Catsareknowntospendmostoftheirtimehunting______(mouse)atnight.2．Afterlong-termhardtraining,alltheteam___________(member)arethirstyforsuccess.3．WiththedevelopmentofChinese_________(city),themainstreetshavebecomewidertoholdmorecars.mice

members

cities

4．(2024眉山改编)—Tom!Pleasebrushyour_______(tooth)carefullytwiceaday!—OK,Iwill.5．___________(monkey)don’thaveanykindofprotectivearmour(盔甲)andusetheirbrainstosolveproblems.6．Technology,suchassmart___________(watch)orsportsapps,isalwaysusedtorecordexercisehabits.7．(2024遂宁改编)QiJiguangisoneofthegreatestnational________(hero)inChina.Wewillrememberhimforever.teeth

Monkeys

watches

heroes

考点

不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式，且不能用基数词或不定冠词a/an直接修饰。1．不可数名词数量的表达类别用法举例具体的量基数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词aglass/boxofmilk一杯/盒牛奶，abottleofwater一瓶水，twopiecesofpaper两张纸，threecupsoftea三杯茶不具体的量用于不可数名词前表示概数little很少，alittle/abitof一点儿，some/any一些，(too)much/alotof/lotsof/plentyof许多2．不可数名词的转化(1)某些物质名词在表示类别或具体的数量时可转化为可数名词。如：coffee→acoffee一杯咖啡 tea→atea一杯茶beer→abeer一杯啤酒 rain→arain一场雨(2)抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但表示具体的人或事物时，可用作可数名词，可与a/an连用，也可有复数形式。如：beauty→abeauty美丽的人或事物success→asuccess成功的人或事failure→afailure失败的人或事

surprise→asurprise令人感到惊讶的人或事(3)有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，意义不同。常见的有：名词可数不可数glass眼镜；玻璃杯玻璃chicken鸡鸡肉paper报纸；试卷；论文纸张life(2021.59)性命生物work著作；作品工作weight哑铃；砝码重量wood树木木头；木材名词可数不可数light电灯光线room房间空间orange橙子橙汁exercise练习；习题锻炼；运动experience经历经验time次数；倍数时间；时刻gold金牌金子rain一场雨雨水change变化零钱8．翻译短语(1)一些建议 __________________________(2)一杯苹果汁 __________________________(3)四则新闻 ____________________(4)极少的牛奶 ______________(5)一点儿面包 ________________(6)一副太阳镜

_____________________someadvice/suggestions

acup/glassofapplejuice

fourpiecesofnews

littlemilk

alittlebread

apairofsunglasses

(

)9．Thethree______upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough______foradoublebed.A．room;room B．room;roomsC．rooms;room D．rooms;rooms(

)10．Thisarticleoffers______usefulinformationonhowtolose______andkeephealthy.A．much;weight B．much;weightsC．many;weight D．many;weightsC

A

(

)11．Skylanternsareseenasbright______ofhappinessandgoodwishesinChinese______.A．symbol;culture B．symbol;culturesC．symbols;culture D．symbols;culturesC

考点

名词所有格1．’s所有格类别构成方法举例单数名词一般在词尾加’stheboy’sfather男孩的父亲today’snewspaper今天的报纸复数名词以-s结尾的加’theteachers’office老师们的办公室30minutes’walk步行三十分钟的路程不以-s结尾的加’sWomen’sDay妇女节类别构成方法举例表示某物为每个人各自所有各名词词尾均需加’sJane’sandLucy’spens简的钢笔和露西的钢笔表示某物为几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词词尾加’sLucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房间表示某人的家、诊所或店铺等在词尾加’s,且常常省略其后的名词atmyuncle’s(home)在我叔叔家atthedoctor’s(office)在诊所注意

以-s结尾的单数名词或人名的所有格的构成是在其后加’s。如：theactress’sfriend女演员的朋友James’sbike詹姆斯的自行车2．of所有格：一般表示无生命的事物的所有格，结构通常为“名词＋of＋名词”。有时也可用于表示人或其他有生命的事物的所有格。如：thetopofthehill山顶，astoryoflove一个关于爱的故事，thenewsofsuccess捷报3．双重所有格：主要表示整体中的一部分。(1)of＋名词的’s所有格。如：ateacherofmybrother’s我弟弟的一位老师(多位老师中的一位)(2)of＋名词性物主代词。如：agoodfriendofmine我的一个好朋友(多个朋友中的一个)4．介词to表示所属关系，具有一一对应性。如：theanswertothequestion问题的答案，theentrancetothebuilding大楼的入口12．翻译短语(1)杰克的狗 ______________(2)门的钥匙 ___________________(3)步行十分钟的路程 ____________________(4)在布朗家 _________________(5)我妈妈的两位朋友 ___________________________(6)一张河南地图

_______________Jack’sdog

thekeytothedoor

tenminutes’walk

attheBrown’s

twofriendsofmymother’s

amapofHenan

(

)13．(2024齐齐哈尔改编)—It’stimetograduate.Weshouldsay“Thanks”toourteachers.—Ithinkso.Wehavemadegreatprogresswiththe______help.A．teacher B．teachersC．teacher’s D．teachers’(

)14．Isee______schoolIDcardsareattheLostandFound.Let’scallthem!A．MikeandTom’s B．Mike’sandTom’sC．MikeandTom D．Mike’sandTomD

B

1．名词在完形填空中的应用名词词义辨析是河南中考完形填空的必考点。近三年河南中考常考的名词如下：常考名词

A/Banger愤怒；怒火brother兄；弟bed床Ccompetition比赛；竞赛；竞争chance机会；可能性choice选择；挑选conversation交谈；谈话常考名词

D/E/F/Gdinner正餐dream梦想；睡梦dad爸爸excuse理由；借口example实例；范例experience经验；经历feeling感觉；感触fear害怕；惧怕gift礼物；赠品game游戏；运动；比赛H/I/Jhabit习惯idea想法；主意introduction介绍job工作；职业L/Mlist名单；清单mind头脑；心智meeting会议；集会；会面mum妈妈常考名词

Ppresent现在；礼物prize奖；奖品；奖金purpose目的；目标party聚会Qquestion问题Rresult结果；后果Ssurprise惊奇；惊讶shame羞耻；羞愧；惭愧skill技艺；技巧sister姐；妹suggestion建议Tthought想法tool工具table桌子河南中考完形填空主要是通过词汇复现和语境推断来考查名词。(2024.44)Lastnight,Frankhadadreamaboutthecomingmathtest...Withthe

44

ofthemathteststillinhismind,Frankwenttogethisheadphones.(

)44．A．results B．thoughtsC．prizes D．purposes【解析】根据上文“Lastnight,Frankhadadreamaboutthecomingmathtest...”和挖空处所在句可知，数学考试的事还留在弗兰克的脑海里。故选B。(2024乐山改编)Recently,avideohasbecomepopularonline.Inthevideo,amanatBeijing’sSummerPalacesharesinformationaboutitsbuildingswithvisitors.Isthemanatourguide?What’ssospecialabouthim?Well,infact,heisa

15

attheSummerPalace.(

)15．A．doctor B．cleaner C．teacher D．driverB

“OnedayIsawafewvisitors.Theywerereading

16

,buttheystillcouldn’tfindtherightway,soIofferedthemsomehelp,”saysZhangXu,thecleaner.“Inadditionto(除……以外)ourdailycleaningwork,wealsoprovidemore

17

likeansweringquestionsandgivingdirections.”(

)16．A．textbooks B．storybooks C．guidebooks D．notebooks(

)17．A．services B．chances C．choices D．suggestionsC

A

ForZhangXu,theSummerPalaceisaspecialplace.Asachild,hecameheretoplay.Whenhegrewup,hebegantoworkhereandbecamea(n)

18

ofit.ZhangstartedworkingattheSummerPalaceinlate2021．“EverymorningwhenIarrivehereandbeginmy

19

,IfeellikeIamoneofthestonesinthegarden,”hesays.(

)18．A．result B．example C．sign D．part(

)19．A．study B．work C．speech D．lifeD

B

2．名词在语篇填空第一节中的应用该题型要求考生根据上下文语境选出符合文意的单词，并填入其适当形式。若空格处所缺为名词，则需根据语境或标志词判断其相应的名词形式。(1)若所填名词为可数名词，一般有以下考查形式：①空格前有表示数量为“一”的标志词(a/an,one,either,each,every,this,that等)时，后面的名词用单数形式。如：a．Onedayhefellasleepona

rockafterhegot100coppercoins.(2024.58)b．Afterall,notalltheteachershavethetimetomakeeach

childwashhishandsproperly.(2022.64)②空格前有表示数量大于“一”的标志词(two,alotof,anumberof,many,several,all,both,these,those,among,afew,few等)时，后面的名词用复数形式。如：a．MyteacherthinksChinesemedicinewillbegreatlydevelopedoverthenextfew

years.(2023.62)b．Thewholeprojecttookten

yearstocomplete.(2021.61)③空格前没有标志词时，根据上下文寻找隐形的标志词来决定所填名词的单复数形式。如：ManyofthestoriesaboutBaoweremadeintosomemovies,novels,operasandsoon.(2024.64)(2)若所填名词是不可数名词(其前可能有little/alittle/much等修饰)或者单复数同形的可数名词(Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep等)时，名词不用变形。如：Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardlifebecauseoftheshortageofwater.(2024宁夏改编)Havingclosefriendsisoneofthebestthingsinourlife.Infact,everyoneshouldhavesomeclosefriends.One20．__________tohaveclosefriendsisthatyoualwayshavesomeonetoworktogetherwith.Forexample,myfriendsandIoftenwrite21．_________together.Wehavewrittenalotbyhelpingeachother.life

song

grade

reason

situationreason

songs

Anotheristhattheycancheeryouup.Theytrytodothiswheneveryouaresad.Forexample,whenIgotadisappointing22．_________onmymathtestlastweek,myfriendstoldjokestomakemelaugh.23．________isbetterwithclosefriends.Theyhelpusenjoylifesometimesandhelpustogetoutofdifficult24．______________.Thenexttimeyourfriendsdosomethingniceforyou,don’tforgettosay,“Nothingbeatshavingclosefriends.”grade

Life

situations

试题精练一、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

1．Myunclerunsafarm.Heraisessomanycowsand________there.2．Therearetwelve__________inayear.Teachers’Dayisintheninthmonth.sheep

leaf

month

sheep

treasure

timemonths

3．Letlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumn__________.4．YinxuMuseumhassomanywonderfulart_____________thatitiswellworthvisiting.5．Areallygoodsongcanpassthetestof_______andberememberedformanyyears.leaves

treasures

time

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。每空限填一词。1．Jackhasawonderful__________.His__________areallkindandpolite.(family)2．Parentsshouldnotcomparetheir____________withotherstoooftenbecauseevery_________isspecial.(child)3．MrsXieisateacherwithlotsof______________andshehasmanyteaching_______________indifferentplaces.(experience)family

family

children

child

experience

experiences

4．(2024绥化改编)InChina,anumberofbirthday___________eatcakeswithcandles.Thenumberofcandlesisthe___________age.(person)5．XiaoLuyingusedtobea____________alongtheYangtzeRiver.Toprotectit,heand12other__________formedavoluntaryteam.(fisherman)persons

person’s

fisherman

fishermen

一、完形填空(2024连云港改编)“Meera,doyourememberwhatdayitistomorrow?”askedRani.“It’sMummy’sbirthday!”criedMeera.“Whatarewegoingtogiveherasa

1

?”(

)1．A．praise B．present C．promise D．prizeB

Thatwasthe

2

.Theycouldn’tthinkofanything!Maybetheycouldbuyhersomeflowersormakeherabirthdaycard.Butthatdidn’tseem

3

enoughforMummy!(

)2．A．answer B．excuse C．problem D．decision(

)3．A．special B．simple C．expensive D．modernC

A

Bothgirls

4

howtheycouldmakeMummy’sbirthdayanextra(额外的)surprise.TheyaskedPapaforhelp.AfteranhourofdiscussingwithPapa,thegirlsnoddedtoeachother.Theyfinallyhada

5

!(

)4．A．knew B．learned C．forgot D．wondered(

)5．A．dream B．plan C．chance D．productD

B

NextmorningPapa

6

thegirlsveryearly,evenbeforethesunhadrisenproperly(真正地).Quicklyandquietly,thethreeofthemstartedto

7

.(

)6．A．wokeup B．calledup C．lookedafter D．ranafter(

)7．A．exercise B．read C．work D．playA

C

PapaandRaniblewupballoons—red,yellow,green,blue—andMeera

8

themallaround.Soontheroomlookedvery

9

indeed.(

)8．A．broke B．bought C．hid D．hung(

)9．A．clean B．empty C．beautiful D．hugeD

C

Thentheygotintothe

10

.“Let’smakebreakfast!”Papabegangiving

11

inalowvoice.(

)10．A．garden B．bedroom C．kitchen D．study(

)11．A．inventions B．introductions C．invitations D．instructionsC

D

RaniandMeeradidasPapasaid.

12

thechildrenmadethebreakfastready.Thereweresandwiches,afruitsalad,aglassfullof

13

orangejuiceandanotherfullofwarmmilk.(

)12．A．Quietly B．Carelessly C．Suddenly D．Usually(

)13．A．free B．fresh C．strange D．terribleA

B

Mummycameoutofherroom.Thegirls

14

toherandhuggedher,“Happybirthday!”“Whatawonderful

15

!”criedMummy,lookingattheballoonsandthebreakfasttable.ItwasthebestbreakfastMummyhadevereaten.(

)14．A．listened B．rushe