2025版中考英语复习课件 专题3 形容词和副词

试题精练考点精讲专题三形容词和副词第2部分语法突破一、词法考点精讲考点

形容词形容词的主要用法(1)形容词作定语►一般情况下位于名词之前，起描述、修饰或限定被修饰词的作用。如：Ihaveaninterestingbook.我有一本有趣的书。►与复合不定代词(something,anything,nothing,somebody等)或复合不定副词(somewhere,anywhere等)连用时，形容词通常后置。如：①Didyoubuyanythingspecial?你买了什么特别的东西吗？(RJ八上U1)②Let’sgosomewheredifferenttoday.今天让我们去个不一样的地方吧。(RJ八下U9)(2)形容词作表语►通常置于系动词(be,turn,become,sound,look,smell,taste,seem,keep,remain等)之后。如：①Mynoseisbig,andmymouthissmall.我的鼻子大大的，嘴巴小小的。(课标七上U2)②Inautumntheleavesturngoldandthenbrown.秋天，叶子会变黄进而变棕。

(WY八上M10)(3)形容词作宾语补足语►在“动词＋宾语＋形容词”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明。常见的这类动词有keep,make,leave,find,feel,think等。如：Mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.我妈妈下班回家后发现房子干净又整洁。(RJ八下U3)注意(1)-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别：-ed形容词一般用来形容人的感受，表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人；-ing形容词一般用来形容物体本身具有的性质，表示“令人感到……的”，主语一般是物。常见形容词有：surprising/surprised(2023.55,2020.49)，worrying/worried(2022.47)，interesting/interested(2018.72)，exciting/excited，pleasing/pleased，moving/moved,tiring/tired,boring/bored等。(2)“定冠词the＋形容词”表示一类人。常见形容词有：good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,living,dead等。

如：①Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthiscommunity.在这个社区，老人被照顾得很好。②Hesetupaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.他创办了一所聋哑学校。(3)与形容词相关的一些特殊句型：①It’s＋adj.(difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,useful,pleasant,possible等)＋(forsb.＋)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是……的。②It’s＋adj.(kind,nice,polite,clever,lazy,careful,foolish等)＋(ofsb.＋)todosth.(某人)做某事是……的。③too＋adj.＋todosth./adj.＋enough＋todosth./so＋adj.＋that…

太……而不能做某事/足够……做某事/如此……以至于……(

)1．Themovieisquite______.Allmyfriendswere______whenwewatchedit.A．exciting;excited B．excited;excitedC．excited;exciting D．exciting;excitingA

(

)2．Ifindthisbook______enoughforamiddleschoolstudenttoread.Thereareveryfewnewwords.A．simple B．importantC．cheap D．interesting(

)3．(2024乐山改编)—Dear,puttheknivesoutofthekids’touch!—OK.I’lldoitrightaway.It’squitenecessarytokeep______.A．quiet B．warmC．safe D．tidyA

C

(

)4．—Jenny,canIhavealookatyournotebook?Itlookssospecial.—Sorry.It’smydiary.Thereissomething______init.A．strange B．privateC．creative D．pleasantB

(

)5．(2024滨州改编)—Howdidyoufinishtheschoolprojectinsuchashorttime?—Oh,MrLialwaysencouragedmeandofferedmemuchhelp.Heisapretty______teacher.A．polite B．strictC．humorous D．patientD

考点

副词1．副词的主要用法用法举例修饰动词，位于动词之前或之后。①Heoftenlosesthings.他经常丢东西。(RJ七下U12)②Justreadquicklytogetthemainideasatfirst.先快速阅读掌握大意。(RJ九全U1)用法举例修饰形容词或副词，位于形容词或副词之前。Heusedtobesoshyandquiet.他过去很害羞，很安静。(RJ九全U4)修饰整个句子，常位于句首。Suddenly,shehadagoodidea.突然，她有了一个好主意。2．副词的分类类别举例时间副词

early早finally(2023.64)最终recently/lately最近ago以前today在今天now现在

soon不久once曾经then那时before以前later以后地点副词here在这里there在那里everywhere各处；到处nearby在附近outside在外面home在家用法举例频度副词程度副词much(2021.56)/very/quite/rather/too很；非常so如此enough足够almost/nearly几乎；差不多still(2022.41)仍然only只；仅really真正地用法举例方式副词safely安全地carefully认真地quickly/fast迅速地slowly缓慢地suddenly突然successfully成功地actively主动地疑问副词how怎样where哪里when何时why为什么连接副词anyway(2018.39)无论如何

besides而且

however然而

therefore因此3．形容词变副词的规则规则举例一般在形容词词尾加-lyfinal→__________(2023.64);usual→__________(2020.57)以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-lynoisy→__________；angry→__________以辅音字母＋le结尾的词，去e再加-ysimple→simply;probable→__________其他变化true→truly;full→fullyfinally

usually

noisily

angrily

probably

注意

①friendly,lonely,daily,lovely,likely,ugly等词虽然以-ly结尾，但是是形容词。②形容词与副词同形的有：long(2022.65),slow(2019.40),enough,fast,early,hard,high等。4．同根副词有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种和形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。有时两者区别不大，有时两者意义不同。常见的有：词汇词性词义hardadj.&adv.努力的(地)；艰难的(地)mostadj.&adv.最……的(地)lateadj.&adv.晚的(地)；迟的(地)highadj.&adv.高的(地)词汇词性词义freeadj.&adv.免费的(地)nearadj.&adv.邻近的(地)hardlyadv.几乎不mostlyadv.主要地latelyadv.近来highlyadv.高度地freelyadv.自由地nearlyadv.几乎；

将近6．Mysister_______likesthecoat,althoughshehashaditforfiveyears.7．MrBlackwas__________ill,sohewasabsentfromthemeetingyesterday.8．(2024达州改编)Look!Itisraining___________.Wecan’tgooutwithfriends.heavy

still

serious

quickstill

seriously

heavily

9．(2024安徽改编)—Yourgrandpaclimbedthehillso___________thatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.—Hetakesexerciseeveryday.10．(2024绥化改编)Icould_________understandwhathewassayingbecauseit’s________tofollowaquickspeaker.(hard)11．ThearmchairmakesMaryfeel_____________.Now,sheissitting_______________inthechair,tastingherteaandenjoyingthequietevening.(comfortable)quickly

hardly

hard

comfortable

comfortably

考点

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化构成方法举例单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-estclever→cleverer→cleverestgreat→greater→__________(2024.65)hard→__________(2023.61)→hardest以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-stwide→__________→widestlarge→larger→__________greatest

harder

wider

largest

构成方法举例单音节词和部分双音节词重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-estmad→madder→maddestthin→__________→__________以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-er或-estbusy→__________→busiestfunny→funnier→__________多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostfamous→__________→mostfamouscarefully→morecarefully→mostcarefullythinner

thinnest

busier

funniest

morefamous

巧学妙记

比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er；词尾若有字母e，直接加-r就可以；一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写；辅音字母若加y，要把y变成i；最高级加-est，前面加the莫忘记；形、副若是多音节，只把more和most前面写。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/well(好；健康的)____________________bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/badly(坏地；严重地)____________________many/much(多的；非常)____________________little(少的；小的)________(2019.23)__________far(远的)farther/further(2020.45)farthest/furthestbetter

best

worse

worst

more

most

less

least

2．形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法原级比较肯定as＋形容词/副词原级＋asArtisasinterestingasmusic.美术和音乐一样有趣。否定notas/so＋形容词/副词原级＋asTomdoesn’trunas/sofastasJack.汤姆跑得没有杰克快。比较级不同程度(用于两者比较)①表示两者(人或事物)的比较：A…＋比较级＋than＋B(2023.61,2022.65,2019.40)②哪一个/谁更……？：Which/Whois＋比较级，AorB?③两者中较……的：A…＋the＋比较级＋ofthetwo…④比其他都……(表最高级)：比较级＋thananyother＋单数名词①Tinathinkssheworksharderthanme.蒂娜认为她比我更努力。(RJ八上U3)②TomislesscarefulthanJohn.汤姆不如约翰细心。③Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?月亮和地球哪个离太阳更近一些？④Heisthethinnerofthetwostudents.在两个学生当中，他更瘦一些。⑤Samistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.＝Samisthetalleststudentinhisclass.萨姆是他班里最高的学生。

比较级程度加深①越来越……：比较级＋and＋比较级或moreandmore＋多音节形容词或副词②越……，就越……：the＋比较级，the＋比较级①Chineseisbecomingmoreandmoreinternational.汉语正变得越来越国际化。②Themoreyouread,thefasteryou’llbe.你读得越多，你就(读得)越快。(RJ九全U1)最高级用于三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较①the＋最高级＋of/in/among…②oneofthe＋最高级＋复数名词(＋in/of…)(2024.65,2021.56)③Which/Whois＋the＋最高级，A,BorC?④the＋序数词＋最高级①Thispictureisthebestofallthepictures.这幅画是所有画里最好的。②IttellsoneofthemostpopularstoriesinChina.它讲的是中国最受欢迎的故事之一。(RJ八下U6)③Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?汤姆、凯特和比尔谁最高？④TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。(

)12．(2024龙东地区改编)LiLeiis______ofthethreeboys.Healwayshelpsus.A．friendly B．morefriendlyC．mostfriendly D．themostfriendlyD

(

)13．Thestoreisoneof______storesinthecity.Ioftenbuyclothesinit.A．busy B．busierC．thebusier D．thebusiest(

)14．(2024福建改编)—JudypracticesheroralEnglishhardeveryday.—Soshedoes.Shepronounceswords______thanbefore.A．clearly B．moreclearlyC．lessclearly D．mostclearlyD

B

(

)15．—Maryisnotso______asBetty.—Iagree.Bettyis______thananyothergirlinourclass.A．taller;taller B．taller;thetallestC．tall;taller D．tallest;tall(

)16．(2024泸州)—CanyouteachmehowtoimprovespokenEnglish?—Themoreyoupractice,______itbecomes.A．theworse B．theworstC．thebetter D．thebestC

C

17．Lisaspeaksmore_______________infrontoftheclassthansheusedto.18．Itwas__________thanthelastfewdays.Thetemperaturereachedupto38℃.popular

confident

hot

happy

highconfidently

hotter

19．Chineseisbecomingmoreandmore___________anditiswidelyusedinothercountries.20．Danieljumpedthesecond___________.Andhewonthesecondplaceinthehighjumpcompetition.21．(2024包头改编)WhenHelenwonaprizeintheEnglishcompetition,shebelievedshewasthe____________girlintheworld.popular

highest

happiest

1．形容词和副词在完形填空中的应用形容词和副词的词义辨析是河南中考完形填空的必考点。近几年河南中考常考的形容词、副词如下：常考形容词A/B/Cangry生气的bad坏的big大的bored无聊的broken破损的changeable易变的cheerful(令人)愉快的clear清晰的cold寒冷的常考形容词D/F/G/H/Idifferent不同的fair公平的full满的great伟大的hard困难的interested感兴趣的L/M/O/Plucky幸运的moved感动的old老的patient有耐心的perfect完美的playful顽皮的pleased开心的popular受欢迎的polite礼貌的proud骄傲的常考形容词R/Sready准备好的relaxed放松的right正确的sad悲伤的serious严肃的silly愚蠢的strange奇怪的surprised惊讶的sweet甜的；甜蜜的T/U/Wterrible糟糕的tiny微小的true真实的ugly丑陋的weak虚弱的worried担忧的wrong错误的常考副词A/B/C/Ealmost几乎bravely勇敢地closer更近地easily容易地even甚至F/H/Lfaster更快地further更远地heavily在很大程度上higher更高地luckily幸运地M/N/O/P/Qmadly发疯地nearer更近地only仅仅purposefully有目的地quickly迅速地quietly安静地S/Tsadly悲伤地shyly害羞地simply简单地slower缓慢地softly轻柔地still仍然suddenly突然thankfully感激地河南中考完形填空主要是通过语境推断来考查形容词和副词。例1

(2024.41)Lastnight,Frankhadadreamaboutthecomingmathtest,whichtroubledhimverymuchthesedays.Sohewasina

41

mood(心情)whenhewokeup.(

)41．A．bad B．cheerfulC．playful D．strange【解析】根据画线句可知，弗兰克做了一个关于即将到来的数学考试的梦，而这些天他非常苦恼于这场考试。因此，根据挖空处上文的语境提示可知，这是一场噩梦。所以他醒来时心情不好。故选A。例2

(2024.50)“Hey,”shesaid

50

,“stopforasecondandtellmehowyou’refeeling.”Momnevershouted.(

)50．A．sadly B．shylyC．softly D．bravely【解析】根据画线句可知，“妈妈”从不大声喊叫。因此根据挖空处下文的语境提示可知，她是轻声地说。故选C。(2024白银改编)Friday10OctoberIt’sasunnyandpleasantday.Iwastidyingmyroomthismorningandfoundanoldphotoinanotebook.AsIwaslookingatit,the

22

memoryofthatdaycamebacktome.(

)22．A．lovely B．new C．painful D．strangeA

Itwasmymother’s35thbirthdaytenyearsago,andIdecidedtosurpriseherwithhome-madescrambledeggs(炒鸡蛋).Igotupreallyearlyandwalkedtothekitchen

23

inordernottowakeupmymother.Ihadnevercookedanythingbefore,soItriedtocopyhowshedidit.Butsomehowtheyendedupburnt.(

)23．A．quietly B．freely C．bravely D．safelyA

Iwasabouttothroweverythingawaywhenmymothercamein.Ishowedhertheeggsand

24

explainedwhathappened.Tomysurprise,shetastedthemandsaidtheyweren’t

25

!Iguessloveisindeedamagicalingredient.Atlast,wetookawonderfulphoto,laughingandatethemall.(

)24．A．carelessly B．excitedly C．sadly D．proudly(

)25．A．common B．different C．pretty D．terribleC

D

2．形容词和副词在语篇填空第一节中的应用分析河南中考真题可知，形容词是河南语篇填空第一节的必考考点，副词是高频考点。在做此题时，考生要先根据挖空处所修饰的成分来判断是用形容词还是副词，再判断所填词的具体形式。主要判断方法如下：Thisweekendisher45thbirthday.I’llmakeherscrambledeggsagain.Thistime,IpromiseIwillcookthedish

26

.Theeggswon’tbeburnt!(

)26．A．honestly B．successfully C．actively D．positivelyB

(1)词性判断►填形容词：①名词前作定语；②系动词后作表语；③宾语后作宾补。►填副词：①修饰动词；②修饰形容词；③修饰整个句子。(2)形式判断►填形容词、副词原形：①语境中无比较关系；②空格前有very,so,quite,too等词修饰；③根据常见的原级比较句型判断。例3

(2024.56)Today,I’mgoingtotellyouastoryaboutBao,whichis

56

amongChinesepeople.【解析】分析该句结构可知，挖空处位于系动词之后作表语，需填形容词。结合常识及方框中所给单词可知，此处应选popular，且语境中无比较关系，故填popular的原形。sell

he

and

rock

popular

movie

need

catch

great

about►填形容词、副词比较级：①表示两者(人或事物)之间的比较；②含有比较级的标志词than；③被表示程度的much,even,far,alittle等词(组)修饰；④根据常见的比较级句型判断。例4

(2022.65)Childrenwashhandsmuch65thanbeforenowbecausetheylikedrawingonhands.【解析】分析该句结构可知，挖空处修饰动词wash，需填副词。结合语境及方框中所给单词可知，此处应选long，且挖空处之前有much修饰，故填副词long的比较级longer。child

help

if

way

which

solve

into

long

develop

they►填形容词、副词最高级：①表示三者及三者以上(人或事物)之间的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个；②根据常见的最高级句型判断。例5

(2024.65)TodayBaoisstillconsideredasoneofthe

65

.

officials

inhistoryandislovedbyChinesepeople.【解析】分析该句结构可知，挖空处修饰名词officials，需填形容词作定语。结合语境及方框中所给单词可知，此处应选great，且挖空处是“oneofthe＋最高级＋复数名词”结构的一部分，故填形容词great的最高级greatest。sell

he

and

rock

popular

movie

need

catch

great

aboutToday,myclassmatesandIhadastudytourtotheCityScienceMuseum.It’sthe27．___________museuminmycity,whichhas6floors.Ittookusanhourtogettherebybus.active

tired

fast

large

modernlargest

Inthemuseum,wesawmanykindsof28．__________inventionslikerobotsandrocketmodels.What’smore,we29．____________tookpartinmanyinterestingactivities.Forexample,Iuseda3Dprintertomakeasmallbridge.Thatmademerealizethattechnologyisdeveloping30．__________thanIsuppose.Tony,thebestfriendofmine,tookquiteafewphotosatthemuseum.Thoughwewereabit31．_________,wethoughtthestudytourwaseducationalforus.Wehadlearnedalotofknowledgeonscienceandtechnologyoutsidetheclassroom.modern

actively

faster

tired

试题精练一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。每空限填一词。1．Hesaidnothing,but_________(simple)nodded,asifunderstandingperfectly.2．Walkingisoneofthe________(good)activitiesforourhealth.Let’shaveawalk!simply

best

3．Maryhasbecome__________(brave)thanbefore.Shecanexpressherselfinpublicnow.4．OurEnglishteacherisagoodteacher.Shealwaysusesgamestomakelearning_____________(enjoy).5．(2024眉山改编)Itissohot,buttheairconditionerdoesn’twork.Pleaserepairitas___________(quick)aspossible.braver

enjoyable

quickly

二、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

1．Thestudyistoosmall.I’dlikeamuch__________onetostudyin.2．(2024凉山州改编)Theoldmanlivesbyhimself,buthedoesn’tfeel__________.hard

lonely

much

lucky

bigbigger

lonely

3．(2024龙东地区改编)Hefelloffhisbikeyesterday,but__________,hewasn’thurt.4．Amongthestudentsinmyclass,Davidworks___________.Healwaysgetsgoodgrades.5．(2024成都改编)Ipreferridingabiketodrivingacartoworkbecauseitis________environmentallyfriendly.luckily

hardest

more

一、完形填空Oneday,Timmy’sfathernoticedthathissonwascryingsilently.Hisfatheraskedhim,“What’sthematter,Timmy?”Timmyreplied

1

,“MyEnglishisnotgood,andIcan’tpronounceaswellasmyclassmates.Sotheyoften

2

me.”(

)1．A．sadly B．excitedly C．madly D．shyly(

)2．A．laughat B．lookafter C．dependon D．waitforA

A

Hisfatherthoughtforawhileandthensaid,“Comewithme,son.Let’splantsomeflowers.Itmightcheeryouup.”Timmy’sfatherheldhishandandwalkedhimtothegarden.Thenhisfathertookoutsomeflowerseedsandsaid,“Let’shavea(n)

3

ofgrowingflowers.(

)3．A．survey B．competition C．discussion D．introductionB

Wewilleachtakecareofaflower.Iwillwaterminewithcleanwaterfromthelake,

4

youwillwateryourswithdirtywaterfromthepond.Let’sseewhoseflowerwillgrowbetter,yoursormine.Weshallseetheresultinthe

5

tocome.”(

)4．A．if B．though C．while D．since(

)5．A．hours B．days C．weeks D．monthsC

C

Timmyhesitated(犹豫)andthought,“Iwill

6

losethegame.Flowersusuallygrowbetterwithcleanwater.”However,hestillwantedtohaveatry.Sohe

7

andjoinedhisfatherinplanting.(

)6．A．gradually B．unluckily C．purposefully D．certainly(

)7．A．agreed B．left C．rested D．changedD

A

Hepaidmuchattentiontohisownflower,caredforit

8

enoughandwatcheditgrowdaybyday.Severalweekspassed,thetwoflowerswerebothinfullblossom(盛开).Hewas

9

toseethathisflowerlookedbetterthanhisfather’s.(

)8．A．carefully B．secretly C．easily D．quietly(

)9．A．worried B．surprised C．disappointed D．movedA

B

Timmyaskeddoubtfully,“Howisthateven

10

whenyourwateriscleaner?”(

)10．A．fair B．popularC．proper D．possibleD

Hisfathersmiledandsaid,“That’sbecausedirtywaterdoesn’tstopflowersfromgrowing.

11

,itservesasfertilizer(肥料)tohelpthemgrow.Itisalso

12

inourlife.Somepeoplemaylookdownonyou.

13

letitholdyouback,useittoencourageyoutobecomeabetterperson.”(

)11．A．Also B．Inst