2025版中考英语复习课件 专题5 代词

试题精练考点精讲专题五代词第2部分语法突破一、词法考点精讲考点

人称代词、物主代词与反身代词类别人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性反身代词第一人称单数Imemy(2023.57)minemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数you(2020.55)youyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves类别人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性反身代词第三人称单数hehimhis(2024.59)hishimselfsheherherhersherselfit(2022.68)itits(2021.58)itsitself复数theythem(2020.61)their(2022.58)theirsthemselves1.人称代词类别用法举例主格作主语，用在谓语动词前。ShelikesBeijingoperaverymuch.她非常喜欢京剧。宾格作宾语，用在谓语动词或介词后。That’llmakehimhappy.那会令他高兴。(RJ九全U11)Soccerisnoteasyforme.足球对我来说并不容易。作表语，用在系动词后。Oh,it’syou.哦，是你啊。注意

多个人称代词并列时的排序：单数为you,he/she/itandI;复数为we,youandthey；与人名同时出现时，人名在前、代词在后，如：TomandI。2.物主代词类别用法举例形容词性物主代词(1)相当于形容词，用于名词前作定语，不能单独使用。(2)表示强调时，可与own连用，表示“某人自己的”。①MybestfriendLarryisquitedifferentfromme.我最好的朋友拉里和我大不相同。(RJ八上U3)②Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.青少年应该被允许挑选他们自己的衣服。(RJ九全U7)类别用法举例名词性物主代词(1)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中起名词的作用，其后不能接名词，可作主语、宾语和表语。(2)“of＋名词性物主代词”表示双重所有格。①Thefutureisyours.(yours＝yourfuture)未来是你们的。

(RJ九全U14)②Sheisaveryclosefriendofmine.她是我一位非常亲密的朋友。3.反身代词主要用法举例作宾语Icantakecareofmyself.我能照顾好我自己。作表语Heneedsspacetobehimself.他需要自己的独立的空间。固定搭配helponeself(to)随意吃/喝enjoyoneself玩得愉快teachoneself＝learnbyoneself自学

makeoneselfathome别拘束keepsth.tooneself保守秘密 byoneself独自loseoneself迷路；专心于 dressoneself打扮自己注意反身代词必须要与被指代的人或物在人称和数上保持一致，意为“某人或某物自己”。如：Theykeptallthesilkandgoldforthemselves.他们把所有的丝绸和黄金都留给了自己。(RJ八下U6)Agoodteacherissomeonewhoishelpfulandkind,likemyhistoryteacher,MrMiller.1._______knowledgeofthesubjectisexcellent.Becauseof2._______,Ilovehistoryandevenreadhistorybooksby3.__________afterthelessons.Afriendof4.________calledMarkalsolovesthissubject.Andsometimes5.______lendeachotherbooksabouthistory.IlikereadingbothWesternandChinesehistorybooksbecause6.________areinteresting,butIthinkChinesehistoryismyfavoritesubject.we

him

they

myself

mine

hisHis

him

myself

mine

we

they

考点

指示代词、疑问代词和it的用法1.指示代词单复数近指远指特殊用法单数thisthat(1)打电话时，常用this指代自己，that指代对方。如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat,please?我是玛丽。请问你是谁？(2)为了避免重复，常用that和those指代上文提到过的人或物，且常用于比较级。that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，those指代可数名词复数。如：①TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchbetterthanthatinBeijingtoday.今天广州的天气比北京(的天气)好得多。(that＝theweather)②Ilikethesebooksbetterthanthose.我喜欢这些书胜过那些(书)。复数thesethose2.

疑问代词疑问代词意义用法举例who谁对“人”提问，可作主语、宾语和表语。Whoisyourfirstteacher?你的第一位老师是谁？whom谁who的宾格，对“人”提问，只能作宾语。Whomareyougoingwith?你(们)要跟谁一起去？whose谁的who的所有格，一般作定语。Whoseglovesarethey?这是谁的手套？疑问代词意义用法举例which哪一个；哪些对“人”或“物”提问，可作主语、定语和宾语。Whichisyourfavoriteplayer?哪一个是你最喜欢的运动员？what什么对“物”“职业”“外貌”“品行”等提问。What’syourfavoritesubject?你最喜欢的学科是什么？

(RJ七上U4)3.it的用法基本用法(1)指代上文中提到过的事物。如：Readingisfun.Ilikeit.阅读是有趣的。我喜欢阅读。(2)指代天气、时间、距离等。如：Itisrainytoday.今天有雨。(3)指代婴儿或身份不明确的某个人。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.有人在敲门。去看看是谁。特殊用法(1)作形式主语，常用于以下句型：It’s＋

adj.(＋forsb.)

＋todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是……的。Ittakes(sb.)

＋sometime＋todosth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。It’sone’sjob(duty…)todosth.做某事是某人的工作(职责等)。It’snousedoingsth.做某事没有用。(2)作形式宾语，常用于“sb.find/think/make/feel＋it＋

adj.＋todosth.”句型中。如：Hethinksitinterestingtolearnasecondlanguage.他认为学习第二语言很有趣。特殊用法(3)其他常见句型：It’stimetodo/for/that…

是(做)……的时候了。It’ssaid/believedthat…

据说/人们认为……易混辨析it与one的区别it指代上文提到过的同一事物，而one指代上文提到过的同类事物或人中的任何一个。如：Jackboughtanewdictionarylastweekanditishelpful.Iwanttobuyone,too.杰克上周买了一本新词典，它很有用。我也想买一本(词典)。7．—_________bookisthis?—ItmustbeAlice’s.Sheuseditjustnow.8．Thedishescookedbymymotheraremoredeliciousthan_________cookedbymyfather.9．(2024广西改编)—Henry,_______isyourjob?—I’mapoliceman.it

those

who

whose

whatWhose

those

what

10．(2024无锡改编)_______isthegirlwearingascarf?Issheyoursister?11．(2024遂宁改编)—Doyouthink______usefultoreadEnglishmagazinesforEnglishlearning?—Yes,Ithinkitworksverywell.Who

it

考点

不定代词1.普通不定代词(1)either/neither/both/all/none辨析代词意义主谓一致常用搭配表示“两者”either两者中的任何一个作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。either…or…或者……或者……neither两者都不作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。neither…nor…

既不……也不……both两者都作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。both…and………和……都辨析代词意义主谓一致常用搭配表示“三者或三者以上”all三者或三者以上都作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。/none三者或三者以上中没有一个指代不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。/①__________ofthetwobooksareabouttea-makingculture.Youarefreetotake__________ofthem.这两本书都讲制茶文化。你可以随意拿走任意一本。②__________ofthetwinbrothersisgoodatfootball.这对双胞胎兄弟都不擅长足球。③________thevolunteerswereverytired,but________ofthemhadarest.所有志愿者都很累，但是没有一个人休息。Both

either

Neither

All

none

(2)every/each“every/each＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。但二者又有区别：①__________oneinourclassshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.我们班上的每个人都应该保持教室干净、整洁。②__________ofthestudentsinourgroupisthirstyforsuccessinthespeechcompetition.我们小组的每一个学生都渴望在演讲比赛中取得成功。Every

Each

(3)noone/nonenoone相当于nobody，只能指人，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用来回答疑问词who的提问，不可与of连用；none既能指人又能指物，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数形式皆可，常用来回答疑问词组howmany/much的提问，可与of连用。①Althoughyou’veallworkedveryhardoverthelastthreeyears,__________ofyoudiditalone.虽然在过去的三年中你们学习都很努力，但你们没有一个人是孤军奋战的。(RJ九全U14)②—Whotaughtyoutocook,Molly?谁教了你做饭，莫莉？—__________________.Ilearneditbyreadingbooksoncooking.没有人。我是通过看烹饪书学会的。noneNobody/Noone

(4)some/any二者均意为“一些”，作代词时均可单独使用，也均可作形容词，修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。some多用在肯定句中，也可用在期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中；any多用在否定句和疑问句中。Thereisn’t_________milkinthefridgenow.Whynotbuy_________online?冰箱里没有牛奶了。为什么不在网上买一些呢？any

some

(5)another/other/others/theother/theothers代词意义用法another三者或三者以上中的另一个

可作形容词或代词other另外；其他常与名词连用；eachother彼此Others(2020.65)其余的some…others…一些……另一些……theother两者中的另一个one…theother…一个……另一个……theothers其余的人或物等同于“theother＋可数名词复数”①Beinghonestisaveryimportantruleforyoutogetalongwith__________.诚实是你与他人相处的一条非常重要的原则。②Ithinkweshouldtrytofind__________waystosolvetheproblem.我认为我们应该尽力找其他方法来解决这个问题。(RJ八下U6)③Theplanewasputoffyesterday.Allthepassengershadtowaitfor__________hour.昨天飞机延误了。所有乘客都不得不再等一个小时。others

other

another

(6)few/afew/little/alittle辨析修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词意义表肯定afewalittle一些；一点儿表否定fewlittle很少；几乎没有①Thereare________applesbut_______bananasinthecupboard.橱柜里有少许苹果，但几乎没有香蕉了。②Thereis_______waterinmybottle.Wouldyougiveme_______？

我的瓶子里几乎没有水了。你能给我一点儿吗？afew

few

little

alittle

(7)many/much二者均意为“很多”，可在句中作主语、宾语和定语。但many只代替或修饰可数名词复数，而much只代替或修饰不可数名词。Thereare__________placesofinterestinBeijing,butIdon’thave__________timetovisitthemall.北京有很多名胜古迹，但我没有太多时间去参观所有景点。many

much

2.复合不定代词(1)初中常见的复合不定代词类别some-any-no-every-人somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(没有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)noone(没有人)everyone(每人)物something(某事/物)anything(任何事/物)nothing(没有什么)everything(每件事/物)(2)复合不定代词的用法①复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Nothing_______awasteifyouhaveacreativemind.如果你有一个创造性的头脑，万物均能尽其用。(RJ九全U13)②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，应放在复合不定代词之后。如：Learningisalifelongjourneybecauseeverydaybrings____________________.学习是一场终身旅程，因为每天都会有一些新的东西。(RJ九全U1)is

something

new

(

)12．Thelittlegirlpaintedonesideofthepapergreenand______sideblack.A．other B．theotherC．others D．theothers(

)13．MyBritishfriend,Mary,hasbeeninZhengzhouforthreeyears,soshecanspeak______Chinese.A．little B．alittleC．few D．afewB

B

(

)14．(2024绥化改编)Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarkand______couldbeseenclearly.A．everything B．somethingC．anything D．nothing(

)15．(2024临夏州)Thetownisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulwithmanyflowerson______sidesofthestreets.A．all B．eitherC．neither D．bothD

D

(

)16．(2024雅安改编)—Isthere______intheclassroomnow?—No.AllthestudentsarehavingaPEclassnow.A．everybody B．somebodyC．anybody D．nobodyC

1.代词在完形填空中的应用河南完形填空主要考查人称代词辨析，考生需根据语境选择正确的人称代词。例1

(2020.55)Shetoldtheman,“Iwatchedmychildgooutintheyard,andlookstraightintothesky.Andreally，

55

won’tbelievethis,butIsawitwithmyowneyes.Akittensuddenlycamelyingthroughtheair,andlandedrightinfrontofher.”(

)55．A．he B．youC．she D．they【解析】根据语境可知，挖空处所在句是“她”对男士说的话，应为第二人称，故选B。2.代词在语篇填空中的应用河南中考语篇填空第一节主要考查人称代词和物主代词的变形；语篇填空第二节主要考查it的特殊用法。考生需根据语境和代词的常见用法填出正确答案。(1)人称代词和物主代词的变形例2

(2024.59)Whenhewokeup,hefound59．______(he)coinsweregone.【解析】分析句子结构可知，挖空处位于名词前作定语，因此应把人称代词he转换为形容词性物主代词his。故填his。(2)it的特殊用法例3

(2022.68)Forexample,68．______tookmemuchtimetolearnnewwordswhenIbeganlearningChinese.【解析】分析句式结构可知，本题考查句型“Ittakes(sb.)＋sometime＋todosth.”，意为“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”，句中缺少形式主语it。故填it。试题精练从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

1．Theairinourcitythisyearismuchbetterthan________lastyear.2．______isimportantforustomakeagoodimpression(印象)onothers.everything

it

he

we

she

neither

another

that

theythat

It

3．Nowadays,alotofpeopleliketokeepintouchwith_________friendsonline.4．Lindalikesplayingbasketball.I’dliketoask_______tojoinoursportsclub.5．Thetwoboysweretooexcitedand___________ofthemfeltlikegoingbacktosleep.6．Thefarmisreallybeautiful.Myparentshavedecidedtostayfor___________twodays.their

her

neither

another

7．Tomwasveryproudwhen______succeededinreachingthetopofthemountainfinally.8．Mycousinnevergaveupindifficultsituationsbecauseshebelieved______________ispossibletoahopefulheart.9．(2024镇江改编)Mymathteacheroftenasksustothinkby_______andthendiscusswithgroupmembers.he

everything

ourselves

一、完形填空ThehistorytestwascomingonFriday.Juliewasworryingaboutit.

1

wasthesubjectshelearnedtheworst.(

)1．A．English B．Art C．Geography D．HistoryD

“WhatifIfail?”sheaskedherfriendMarcuswhen

2

walkedhometogether.“I’veneverbeengoodatmemorizingthingsforatestlikeyou.Ilovewordplay(双关语)andI’mjustgoodatit.”“Calmdown，”Marcus

3

her.“You’lldofine.”(

)2．A．they B．she C．you D．we(

)3．A．admired B．praised C．encouraged D．welcomedA

C

“Thankyou.Butthat’ssodifficultforme.”HowJuliewishedshecouldgetgood

4

likeMarcus!(

)4．A．chances B．ideas C．choices D．gradesD

Thefollowingday,Juliedecidedtouselibrarytimetostudy.She

5

.

atableinaquietcorner.Withhertextbookopeninfrontofher,shetriedtomakesenseofallthefactsanddates.Butitwas

6

.Shedroppedherheadtothebook,“Impossible!”(

)5．A．put B．found C．cleaned D．repaired(

)6．A．useless B．unnecessary C．incorrect D．uncommonB

A

“Hi,Julie!”Julie

7

.ShesawherclassmateMariawasseatedatanearbytable.“Wanttostudytogether?”Mariaasked,noddingtoanemptychair.“Sorry,”Julieanswered.“I’mafraidyou’ddobetter

8

youstudywithoutme.I’mnotexactlyahistorian.”(

)7．A．wokeup B．lookedup C．cheeredup D．gaveup(

)8．A．although B．after C．if D．untilB

C

“Meneither,”Mariasmiled.Juliegotherthingsand

9

Mariawhowassittingwithsomecardsandcoloredpencilsinfrontofher.Eachcardshowedacolorfuldoodle(涂鸦).Juliegavea

10

look.“Ithoughtyouwerestudyinghistory.”(

)9．A．joined B．helped C．visited D．taught(

)10．A．relaxed B．worried C．moved D．doubtfulA

D

“ThisishowIstudy,”Mariasaid.“Ilikeart,andtheimageshelpmerecallfacts.Sometimesmemorizationisn’tenoughandIhavetoget

11

.”“Isee,”saidJulie,withinterest.Andanideajumpedintoherhead：Mariacoulduseherartisticskillstostudy,andIcanalsouse

12

thatI’mgoodat—wordplay.(

)11．A．strong B．close C．creative D．ready(

)12．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anythingC

C

“Ihavegotmy

13

toremembertheanswertothequestion‘WhatwouldyoucallsomeonewholivesinFlanders’.”“How?”Maria

14

.(

)13．A．habit B．way C．truth D．value(

)14．A．decided B．accepted C．laughed D．wonderedB

D

“Seetheflamingo(火烈鸟)home…SeetheFleming(佛兰芒人)gohometoFlanders.Yes!AFleminglivesinFlanders.Perfect!”Juliesaid

15

.Suddenly,studyinghistorydidn’tseemsodifficulttoJulie.(

)15．A．happily B．sadly C．shyly D．politelyA

二、语篇填空阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺