地铁运行状态便携式检测系统与车辆损伤识别方法研究-开题报告

地铁运行状态便携式检测系统与车辆损伤识别方法研究学院专业学号研究生指导教师开题时间

一、课题的来源、研究的目的意义（包括我国应用的前景）、国内外研究现状及水平1.研究的目的和意义随着中国城市化的迅猛发展，无数城市迎来了翻天覆地的变化。人口的大量涌入，尤其是向城市地区的集中，带来了一系列前所未有的挑战。在这些挑战中，交通拥堵问题尤为突出，它不仅困扰着城市的日常生活，更成为制约城市发展的一大瓶颈。面对这一难题，地铁以其独特的优势，成为了城市交通基础设施建设的首选。地铁系统以其卓越的运载能力，能够在短时间内高效地运输数以万计的乘客，有效缓解了城市地面交通的压力。它的准时性极高，几乎不受天气和交通状况的影响，为市民提供了一种可靠、高效的出行方式。此外，地铁的能耗相对较低，符合当前节能减排的环保理念，为城市的绿色发展贡献了重要力量。地铁列车沿着专用的轨道网络顺畅运行，不受地面交通拥堵的干扰。它们以高速穿梭于城市的每一个角落，将城市的各个区域紧密连接起来，显著缩短了市民的通勤时间。地铁系统的地下布局，不仅节约了宝贵的城市土地资源，还提升了城市空间的利用效率，为城市的可持续发展提供了有力支撑。然而，地铁运维技术仍面临着一些挑战。脱轨、钢轨磨损、车轮损耗等问题日益严重，这些问题不仅导致居民生活遭到地铁振动的噪声影响，也使得居民乘坐地铁的舒适度有所下降。如果能够在问题初现端倪时就及时发现并解决，将对降低运维成本、保障行车安全、减少对环境的影响产生积极作用。居民的生活质量可以得到极大的改善。为了实现这一目标，通过在车厢上安装高精度的加速度传感器，并结合车轨模型的研究，可以开发出评估行车安全性、平稳性和舒适性的关键指标。这种研究方法有助于更早地发现潜在问题，避免地铁设施的进一步损坏，从而有效控制维护成本。地铁运行时的车体安全监测意义重大。与轨道检测相比，车体检测成本更低，监测效率更高，设备铺设时间更短。此外，通过车体监测，可以快速判断问题根源，是列车本身还是轨道问题，从而进行针对性的处理，确保地铁系统的高效、安全运行。通过这些创新的监测手段，地铁系统的运维管理得以迈入一个全新的智能化阶段。这些技术的应用不仅提升了行车的安全性和乘客的舒适度，还显著降低了地铁运营和维护的成本。更为重要的是，它们还对环境保护做出了积极贡献，减少了地铁运行对城市环境的负面影响。高精度的加速度传感器能够实时监测地铁列车在行驶过程中的动态表现，及时发现异常振动或冲击，这些可能是潜在故障的前兆。通过早期发现和预警，地铁运营方可以采取预防性维护措施，避免问题扩大，减少紧急维修的频率和成本，延长设备使用寿命。车轨模型的研究帮助工程师深入理解列车与轨道之间的相互作用，优化列车设计和轨道几何形状，减少因不匹配造成的额外磨损。这种优化不仅降低了维护成本，还减少了因列车运行产生的噪音和振动，提升了乘客的舒适度和周边居民的生活质量。2.国内外研究现状目前地铁运维技术仍有很多缺陷，脱轨、钢轨的磨损、车轮的磨损这些问题日益严重，如果可以在更早的时间以更低的成本发现并解决这些问题，对运维成本、行车安全、环境的影响都会有很大改变。国内外学者通过各种方法进行了相关研究。2.1国外研究现状ZhaoweiChenADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"ldA9h027","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":32,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/4TA6NFK3"],"itemData":{"id":32,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Train-trackinteraction(TTI)isaclassicresearchtopicinrailwayengineering,whichconsistsofthreemainparts,namely,trainmodel,trackmodel,and...","container-title":"ShockandVibration","DOI":"10.1155/2019/1859261","ISSN":"1070-9622,1875-9203","language":"en","note":"publisher:Wiley","source":"","title":"AnAlternativeSolutionofTrain-TrackDynamicInteraction","URL":"/10.1155/2019/1859261","volume":"2019","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhaowei"},{"family":"Fang","given":"Hui"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",8,8]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,1]]},"citation-key":"chenAlternativeSolutionTrainTrack2019"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1]为了提高计算精度，拓宽应用范围，该文介绍了一种基于商业软件ANSYS通过APDL语言进行二次开发技术的TTI研究的替代计算方法。所提方法有效且能够研究TTI。采用该方法可以精确模拟不同复杂的轨道系统。此外，该方法也可用于探索列车-桥交互作用和列车-轨道-桥梁相互作用。MeysamNaeimiADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"hOZ6v1rt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[2]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":42,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/V3HLLUTT"],"itemData":{"id":42,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Amathematicalmodelofthevehicle–trackinteractionisdevelopedtoinvestigatethecoupledbehaviourofvehicle–tracksystem,inthepresenceofunevenirregularitiesatleft/rightrails.Therailwayvehicleissimplifiedasa3Dmulti-rigid-bodymodel,andthetrackistreatedasthetwoparallelbeamsonalayereddiscretesupportsystem.Besidesthecar-body,thebogiesandthewheelsets,thesleepersareassumedtohaverolldegreeoffreedom,inordertosimulatethein-planerotationofthecomponents.Thewheel–railinterfaceistreatedusinganonlinearHertziancontactmodel,couplingthemathematicalequationsofthevehicle–tracksystems.Thedynamicinteractionoftheentiresystemisnumericallystudiedintimedomain,employingNewmark'sintegrationmethod.Thetrackirregularityspectraofboththeleft/rightrailsaretakenintoaccount,astheinputsofdynamicexcitations.Thedynamicresponsesofthetracksysteminducedbysuchirregularitiesareobtained,particularlyintermsofthevertical(bounce)androlldisplacements.Thenumericalmodelofthepresentresearchisvalidatedusingseveralbenchmarkmodelsreportedintheliterature,forboththesmoothandunsmoothtrackconditions.Foursampleprofilesofthemeasuredrailirregularitiesareconsideredasthecasestudiesofexcitationsources,examiningtheirinfluencesonthedynamicbehaviourofthecoupledsystem.Theresultsofnumericalsimulationsdemonstratethatthemotionoftracksystemissignificantlyinfluencedbythepresenceofunevenirregularitiesinleft/rightrails.Dynamicresponseofthesleepersintherolldirectionbecomesmoresensitivetotherailirregularities,astheunevennessseverityoftheparallelprofiles(quantitativedifferencebetweenleftandrightrailspectra)isincreased.Theseveregeometricdeformationofthetrackinthebounce–pitch–rolldirectionsismainlyrelatedtosuchprofileunevenness(cross-level)inleft/rightrails.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2014.998243","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"1","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423114.2014.998243","page":"88-111","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Influenceofunevenrailirregularitiesonthedynamicresponseoftherailwaytrackusingathree-dimensionalmodelofthevehicle–tracksystem","volume":"53","author":[{"family":"Naeimi","given":"Meysam"},{"family":"Zakeri","given":"JabbarAli"},{"family":"Esmaeili","given":"Morteza"},{"family":"Shadfar","given":"Morad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,2]]},"citation-key":"na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,inthispaper,therelativelylightweightmodelsLeNet-5,ResNet-20,andMobileNet-V3wereselectedfordeeplearningexperiments.Atthistime,theLeNet-5andMobileNet-V3modelsweremodifiedfromthebasicarchitecture.Sincerailwayvehiclesaregivenpreventivemaintenance,itisdifficulttoobtainfaultdata.Therefore,semi-supervisedlearningwasalsoperformed.Atthistime,theDeepOneClassClassificationpaperwasreferenced.TheevaluationresultsindicatedthatthemodifiedLeNet-5andMobileNet-V3modelsachievedapproximately97%and96%accuracy,respectively.Atthispoint,theLeNet-5modelshowedatrainingtimeof12minfasterthantheMobileNet-V3model.Inaddition,thesemi-supervisedlearningresultsshowedasignificantoutcomeofapproximately94%accuracywhenconsideringtherailwaymaintenanceenvironment.Inconclusion,consideringtherailwayvehiclemaintenanceenvironmentanddevicespecifications,itwasinferredthattherelativelysimpleandlightweightLeNet-5modelcanbeeffectivelyutilizedwhileusingsmallimages.","container-title":"Sensors","DOI":"10.3390/s23229075","ISSN":"1424-8220","issue":"22","language":"en","license":"/licenses/by/3.0/","note":"number:22\npublisher:MultidisciplinaryDigitalPublishingInstitute","page":"9075","source":"","title":"AMethodologyofConditionMonitoringSystemUtilizingSupervisedandSemi-SupervisedLearninginRailway","volume":"23","author":[{"family":"Shim","given":"Jaeseok"},{"family":"Koo","given":"Jeongseo"},{"family":"Park","given":"Yongwoon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",1]]},"citation-key":"shimMethodologyConditionMonitoring2023"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[5]使用了动力学软件。运用短时傅里叶变换以创建频谱图图像。在铁路车辆的情况下，控制、监控和通信是通过TCMS进行，综合考虑铁路车辆检修环境和设备规格，推断出相对简单轻量的LeNet-5模型。GerhardSchandlADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"buDQpNUU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[6]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[6]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":57,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/M8NK5MEH"],"itemData":{"id":57,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Inordertoimprovetheridecomfortoflightweightrailwayvehicles,anactivevibrationreductionsystemusingpiezo-stackactuatorsisproposedandstudiedinsimulations.Thesystemconsistsofactuatorsandsensorsmountedonthevehiclecarbody.Viaafeedbackcontrolloop,theoutputsignalsofthesensorswhicharemeasuringtheflexibledeformationofthecarbodygenerateabendingmoment,whichisdirectlyappliedtothecarbodybytheactuators.Thisbendingmomentreducesthestructuralvibrationofthevehiclecarbody.Simulationshaveshownthatasignificantreductioninthevibrationlevelisachieved.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423110601145952","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"9","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423110601145952","page":"835-847","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Comfortenhancementbyanactivevibrationreductionsystemforaflexiblerailwaycarbody","volume":"45","author":[{"family":"Schandl","given":"Gerhard"},{"family":"Lugner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Benatzky","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Kozek","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Stribersky","given":"Anton"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",9,1]]},"citation-key":"schandlComfortEnhancementActive2007"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[6]为了提高轻量化轨道车辆的乘坐舒适性，提出一种利用压电堆叠执行器的主动减振系统，并在仿真中进行了研究。该系统由安装在车身上的执行器和传感器组成。通过反馈控制回路，测量车身柔性变形的传感器的输出信号产生弯曲力矩，该弯矩由执行器直接施加到车身上。这种弯矩减少了车体的结构振动。仿真表明，振动水平显著降低。BertaSuarezADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"LgJ3LkVt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[7]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[7]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":58,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/24RSATYY"],"itemData":{"id":58,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Asensitivityanalysishasbeenperformedtoassesstheinfluenceoftheelasticpropertiesofrailwayvehiclesuspensionsonthevehicledynamicbehaviour.Todothis,144dynamicsimulationswereperformedmodifying,oneatatime,thestiffnessanddampingcoefficients,oftheprimaryandsecondarysuspensions.Threevalueswereassignedtoeachparameter,correspondingtothepercentiles10,50and90ofadatasetstoredinadatabaseofrailwayvehicles.Afterprocessingtheresultsofthesesimulations,theanalysedparametersweresortedbyincreasinginfluence.Itwasalsofoundwhichoftheseparameterscouldbeestimatedwithalesserdegreeofaccuracyinfuturesimulationswithoutappreciablyaffectingthesimulationresults.Ingeneralterms,itwasconcludedthatthehighestinfluenceswerefoundforthelongitudinalstiffnessandthelateralstiffnessoftheprimarysuspension,andthelowestinfluencesfortheverticalstiffnessandtheverticaldampingoftheprimarysuspension,withtheparametersofthesecondarysuspensionshowingintermediateinfluencesbetweenthem.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2012.725852","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"2","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423114.2012.725852","page":"280-300","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Assessmentoftheinfluenceoftheelasticpropertiesofrailvehiclesuspensionsonsafety,ridequalityandtrackfatigue","volume":"51","author":[{"family":"Suarez","given":"Berta"},{"family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