2019高考英语一轮选练习题Unit4Pygmalion（含解析）新人教版选修8

选修8Unit4Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解AAccordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures，”mentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly,Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Inparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybeingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore­evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。1.Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?A．Paceoflifeofanimals.B．Timeperceptionofanimals.C．Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D．Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.答案与解析：B'考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。2.WhatdoesKevinHealy'smentmeaninPara.2?A．Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.B．Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C．Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D．Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.答案与解析：B'考查细节理解。根据第二段KevinHealy所说的话“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，KevinHealy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。3．Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A．Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B．Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C．Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D．Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。4．Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A．Trytorunasfastasitcan.B．Preventitselffrombeingblind.C．Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.D．Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第六段“Inparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybeingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore­evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.”可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。BTravelworthyDestinationsinBestFilmsARRIVALBozeman,Theyear’sbestthriller,ArrivalfollowsaprofessortoamilitarycampinMontana,wheresheworkstotranslatethelanguageingfromalienvisitors.Thefilm,setinthewidelandscapeofMontana,connectsthevastnessoftheuniversewiththenaturalbeautyofBozeman.TraveltoBozeman,andyou’reboundtofeelitsquietness.Inthistown,thewildlifeoftheBridgerMountainslivesalongsidetheconstantinflowofMontanaStateFENCESPittsburgh,FencestellsofanAfricanAmericanfathersupportinghisfamilyduringtheCivilRightsmovementofthe1950s.ThefilmwasshotinPittsburgh,knownforitsbluecollarhistory.Todayithasgrownintoacenterofprogressandculture.Itishometotheworld’sfirstgreenconventioncenter.Ontopofitsenvironmentaldevelopment,thecityhasworkedtokeepitsdiverseculturalheritage.VisitorscandiscoverPittsburgh’shistoryattheHeinzMOONLIGHTMiamiAmasterpieceofselfdiscovery,MoonlightfollowsanAfricanAmericanboyinMiamiwhoistryingtofindhisplaceintheworld.Muchofthefilmissetinalowineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown,butvisitorstoMiamiwilllikelyseeadifferentsideofthelivelycity.Modernartmuseumsandrestaurantsfilltheinnercorridors,whileMiamiBeachisfilledwithmusicandoceanlovers.There’ssomethingforeveryoneinMiami,soenjoytheparty.4.WhatmakesBozemanatravelworthydestination?A.ThestoryofthemovieArrival. B.Thepeacefullandscapeithas.C.Mantana1.PittsburghisknownforaccordingtoParagraph2.A.itsdiverseculture B.AfricanAmericanfamiliesC.theCivilRightsmovement D.beautifulscenery2.InthemovieMoonlight,audienceswillseeasideofMiami.A.modern B.poorC.hitech D.luxury3.Theauthorwrotethepassagewiththeintentionof.A.writingafilmreviewB.introducingsomefamousfilmsC.describinghowthemovieswereshotD.remendingtravellingdestinations【文章大意】本文主要向读者介绍了几个最佳影片拍摄的旅游目的地。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一部分Withallitsbreathtakinglandscape,Bozemanistheperfectplacetodosomesoulsearching.可知在它令人惊叹的风景中，Bozeman是一个完美的自我反省的地方。故选B。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分Muchofthefilmissetinalowineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown,butvisitorstoMiamiwilllikelyseeadifferentsideofthelivelycity.可知这部电影的大部分都是在市中心北部的一个低收入社区拍摄的，因此在电影中可以看到迈阿密贫穷的一面，故选B。7.D【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章作者主要是向读者介绍了几个最佳影片的拍摄旅游目的地。故选D。二、七选五(2018·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)Travelingalonegivesyouthefreedomtocreateyourownscheduleanddoasyouplease.__1__Forexample,atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst­handexperiencewithunfamiliarlocationsandcultures.Hereareseveraltipstofindatravelpartnerwhowillimproveyourjourney.__2__Travelingshouldbefun.Whenyouareonatrip,youwillwanttodolotsofactivitiesthatyouenjoy.Preferably,yourpanionwillwanttodothesamethingsasyou.Discussfinancialplans.Beforeyoutravel,youshouldplanabudget.__3__Youdon'twanttobeplanninganexpensivegetawayatthesametimeyourfriendislookingforbudgettravel.Haveanhonestconversation.Ifyouarethinkingabouttravelingwithapanion,takesometimetohaveanopendiscussion.Scheduleatimetositdownandtalk.Trysaying，“Iknowwe'vetalkedabouttheideaoftravelingthroughEuropetogether.Let'shaveacoffeethisweekandactuallytalkthatthrough.”__4__Youshouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.Findsomeonewhoisflexible.Chooseatravelpartnerwhocanadjust.__5__MaybeitwillrainonthedayyouplannedtovisittheGrandCanyon.OryoumightnotbeabletogetreservationsatthatFrenchrestaurantyou'vebeendyingtotry.A．Lookforsomeonewithmoninterests.B．Youshoulddiscussyourgoalsforthetrip.C．Travelwithafriendwhoisprettyeasygoing.D．Buttravelingwithapartnerhasitsbenefits，too.E．Makesurethatyouareonthesamepageconcerningmoney.F．Trytomeetyournewtravelpartnerinpersonbeforeyourtrip.G．Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourtrip,itislikelythatsomethingwillgowrong.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何找到一个很好的旅伴。1．答案与解析：D'根据空后句子“Forexample,atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst­handexperience”可知，空处谈论的是和旅伴一起旅行有关的，而空前讲述的是独自旅行，上下文之间存在转折关系。所以D选项正确。2．答案与解析：A'根据空处所在位置可知，此处为段落主题句。根据本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的兴趣，所以A选项正确。3．答案与解析：E'根据本段中的关键词“financialplans”、“planabudget”和“budgettravel”可知，选项E中的“onthesamepageconcerningmoney”与此内容相呼应，所以选E。4．答案与解析：B'根据本段主题句“进行诚实的谈话”可知，此段的核心话题是“谈话”；又根据空后的“Youshouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.”可知，你还需要和你的旅伴讨论你们的旅行方式。选项B中的关键词“discussyourgoals”与此呼应，所以选B。5．答案与解析：G'本段主题句是“找到一个头脑灵活的旅伴”。根据空后的例子可知，在旅行中会突然出现意想不到的事情。G选项中的“carefullyyouplanyourtrip”和“gowrong”与此照应，所以选G。四、短文改错(2018·师大附中模拟)Jinanisfacingseriouslytrafficproblems.Toomuchcarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandtheplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheworseone.Oneofthereasonwhythereissomuchtrafficisbecauseonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemswastoencouragepeopletomakeusepublictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethemmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.答案：Jinanisfacingeq\o(seriously,\s\do12(serious))trafficproblems.Tooeq\o(much,\s\do12(many))carstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheeq\o(worse,\s\do12(worst))one.Oneoftheeq\o(reason,\s\do12(reasons))whythereissomuchtrafficiseq\o(because,\s\do12(that))onlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemseq\o(was,\s\do12(is))toencouragepeopletomakeuseeq\o(∧,\s\do12(of))publictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofeq\o(drive,\s\do12(driving))cars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtake