5.1施工前准备工作5.1PreparationsBeforeConstruc

5.1施工前准备工作

5.1Preparations

BeforeConstruction主讲老师：班志鹏

Lecturer:BanZhipeng5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction现场施工人员准备Preparationofon-siteconstructionpersonnel装配式混凝土施工现场常规作业人员大幅度减少，但新增了吊装作业人员、灌浆工等，测量放线人员的作业内容也有所变化。所配备的人员应具备装配式建筑施工岗位的基本知识和技能。Fortheprefabricatedconcreteconstruction,thenumberofregularoperatorsaregreatlyreduced,buthoistingoperatorsandgroutingworkersarerequired,andtheworkcontentsofsurveyingandsetting-outpersonnelarechanged.Allpersonnelprovidedshallhavebasicknowledgeandskillsrequiredforprefabricatedbuildingconstructionposts.图5-1装配式建筑现场施工人员

Figure5-1On-sitePersonnelforPrefabricatedBuildingConstructionSitesupervisorDedicatedinspectorGroutingworkerGroutingworkerGroutingworkerPhotographer现场施工道路和场地布置Siteconstructionroadsandsitelayout施工现场现场道路应路面平整，满足大型车辆的转弯半径的要求和荷载要求；有条件的施工现场应设一出一进两个门。Thesiteconstructionroadsshallbeflatandmeettherequirementsforturningradiusandloadsoflargevehicles.Ifconditionspermit,twogatesshallbeprovidedfortheconstructionsite,oneastheentranceandtheotheroneastheexit.现场临时堆放场地，应在起重机作业半径覆盖范围内，地面平整、坚实，有良好的排水措施。场地布置应考虑构件之间的人行通道，方便现场人员作业，道路宽度不宜小于600mm。Thetemporarystorageyardonsiteshallbelocatedwithinthecoverageofthecraneoperatingradius,withflatandsolidgroundandgooddrainagemeasures.Forsitelayout,pedestrianpassagewaysbetweencomponentsshallbereservedfortheoperationconvenienceofon-sitepersonnel,andthewidthshouldnotbelessthan600mm.图5-2装配式建筑现场布置

Figure5-2LayoutofPrefabricatedBuildingConstructionSite图5-3构件堆场

Figure5-3ComponentStorageYard5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重机械设备和吊具准备Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools选择吊装主体结构预制构件的起重机械时，应注意以下事项：Pleasepayattentiontothefollowingswhenselectingcranesforhoistingprefabricatedcomponentsofthemainstructure:（1）起重量；

(1)Hoistingcapacity;（2）作业半径；(2)Operatingradius;（3）力矩应满足最大预制构件组装作业要求；(3)Themomentshallmeettherequirementsfortheassemblyofthemaximumprefabricatedcomponent;（4）最大起重量不宜低于10t；

(4)Themaximumhoistingcapacityshouldnotbelessthan10t;（5）提升或下降速度应满足预制构件安装和调整的要求；(5)Thelifting/loweringspeedshallmeettherequirementsfortheinstallationandadjustmentofprefabricatedcomponents;（6）塔吊应具有安装和拆卸空间。(6)Thereshallbespacefortheinstallationanddisassemblyofthetowercrane.5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重机械设备和吊具准备Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools根据预制构件的运输路径和起重机施工空间等要素，决定采用移动式起重机还是固定式的塔式起重机。Theselectionofcranetype(mobilecraneorfixedtowercrane)shoulddependonthetransportationpathofprefabricatedcomponentsandtheconstructionspaceofthecrane.图5-4履带吊

Figure5-4CrawlerCrane图5-5汽车吊

Figure5-5TruckCrane图5-6塔吊

Figure5-6TowerCrane5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction预制混凝土构件常用到的吊具主要有起吊扁担、专用吊件等，吊具的选择必须保证构件不变形，不损坏，起吊后不转动、不倾斜、不翻倒。Hoistingtoolsgenerallyusedforhoistingtheprefabricatedconcretecomponentsmainlyincludecarryingpoles,specialhangers,etc.Hoistingtoolsshallbeproperlyselectedtoensurethatthecomponentwillnotdeformorgetdamaged,andwillnotrotate,tiltorturnoverafterbeinghoisted.图5-7起吊扁担

Figure5-7CarryingPole图5-8吊装框架

Figure5-8HoistingFrame图5-9吊具

Figure5-9HoistingTools5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重机械设备和吊具准备Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools施工组织准备Preparationforconstructionorganization施工组织设计除了普通现浇混凝土该有的内容外，应根据工程总工期，确定装配式建筑的施工进度、质量、安全及成本目标；需要明确的结构吊装施工和支撑体系施工方案，确定预制构件的施工衔接原则和顺序；在编制施工方案时，应考虑与传统现浇混凝土施工之间的作业交叉，尽可能做到两种施工工艺之间的相互协调与匹配。Inadditiontothenecessarycontentsofordinarycast-in-situconcrete,theconstructionorganizationdesignshalldeterminetheprogress,quality,safetyandcostobjectivesofprefabricatedbuildingconstructionaccordingtothetotalconstructionperiodoftheproject;clarifytheconstructionschemesofstructurehoistingandsupportsystems;anddeterminetheconstructionlinkingprincipleandsequenceofprefabricatedcomponents.Whenpreparingtheconstructionscheme,thecrossoperationwithtraditionalcast-in-situconcreteconstructionshallbeconsidered,andthecoordinationandmatchingbetweenthetwoconstructionprocessesshallbeensuredasfaraspossible.图5-10施工进度图

Figure5-10ConstructionSchedule图5-11施工工艺模拟

Figure5-11ConstructionProcessSimulation5.1施工前准备工作PreparationsBeforeConstructionMasterScheduleforSteelStructureHousingGroupProject

inJiuliResettlementArea(EastZone2)inFuyangCity施工安全技术交底Disclosureofconstructionsafetytechnologies装配式混凝土建筑施工安全风险源有：吊装构件大、重；高空作业频繁；临时构件固定、校正；吊装技术要求高等。参与作业的所有人员应进行系统、全面的安全培训。作业各个环节都应编制安全操作规程，在施工前应进行书面安全技术交底。Safetyrisksofprefabricatedconcretebuildingconstructionmainlycomefrom:hoistingoflargeandheavycomponents;frequentlyworkingatheights;fixingandcorrectionoftemporarycomponents;highrequirementsforhoistingskills.Alloperationpersonnelshallreceivethesystematicandcomprehensivesafetytraining.Safetyoperationproceduresshallbepreparedfor