河南省许平汝名校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题 含解析

高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whichdoordoesthewomanwanttohavewidened?A.Theonetotheoutside.B.Theoneintothediningroom.C.Theoneintothefamilyroom.2.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Sisterandbrother.B.Husbandandwife.C.Motherandson.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onahill.B.Onaroad.C.Onaplane.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahouse.B.Asound.C.Acomputer.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthedress?A.Itscolor.B.Itsquality.C.Itssize.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.ForwhatdidthemanbuyCoca-Cola?A.Cleaningthebathroom.B.Wateringplants.C.Drinking.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sideaaboutcleaningthedishes?A.Excellent.B.Satisfying.C.Unbelievable.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.HowwillthewomangotoLaura’sbirthdayparty?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.9.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Sheappliedforajob.B.ShegaveLauraapresent.C.Shehadherhaircut.10.Whywillthespeakersgotothebirthdaypartyfirst?A.Toseesomeprograms.B.Towaitfortheirfriends.C.TohelpLaurawiththeparty.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whichbrandofphonedidthemanjustbuy?A.Huawei.B.Apple.C.Lenovo.12.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutAppleproducts?A.Theyarethesmartest.B.Theyareeasytouse.C.Theyaredesignedsimply.13.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Anengineer.B.Astudent.C.Ascientist.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdidthespeakersplantodotonight?A.Watchamovie.B.VisittheSwifts.C.Meetwiththeboss.15.Whenshouldthewomanreachtheairport?A.By8:00pm.B.By7:00pm.C.By6:00pm.16.Howdoesthewomansoundattheman’srequestatffirst?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Pleased.17.Whatdayisittodayprobably?A.Tuesday.B.Monday.C.Friday.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whichcitywillprobablygettheheaviestrainduringthenextcycleofrain?A.Guangzhou.B.Shanghai.C.HongKong.19.Howlongwilltheweatherpatternprobablylast?A.Aroundaweek.B.Overonemonth.C.Aboutthreemonths.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Broadcastingaforecast.B.Touringacity.C.Chairingameeting.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteeringontheStanfordEducationalFarmSponsoredbyO’DonohueFamilyStanfordEducationalFarmRegularvolunteerhours:Wednesdays:9:00am-12:00pmSaturdays:9:30am-11:30amO’DonohueEducationalFarm:175ElectioneerRd,Stanford,CA94305Visittheeventwebsite:https:///volunteeringVolunteershelpkeepthefarmrunning.Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation(灌溉),composting(堆肥)andhavingagreattimegettingdirty.Weaskvolunteerscomepreparedwithclose-toedshoesandlooseclothesandthattheydon’tmindgettingdirty!Wehaveglovesandtoolsforall.Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.Wereservetherighttocancelvolunteersessionsuptotwohoursinadvance.Excessive(过度的)heat(90degreesandabove),poorairquality,rain(over50%chance)orotherbadweatherwillcauseautomaticcancelation.Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.Thefarmisnotresponsibleforanyticketscausedwhilevolunteering.Ifyouareanindividualoragroupof5orless,pleasejoinusduringourregularvolunteerhours,butyouhavetoregisteraheadoftime.Wecan’twaitforyoutojoinus!1.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Helponthefarmforatleasttwodays. B.Takeondifferentjobsindifferentweeks.C.Bringtheirowntoolsandgloves. D.Weardirtyshoesandtightclothes.2.Whatisprobablytheloweragelimitforvolunteersonthefarm?A.5. B.10. C.12. D.14.3.Whatisthesuggestionforthevolunteers?A.Avoidingdrivingalonetothefarm. B.Participatingintheformofagroup.C.Workingeveninbadweather. D.Visitingthewebsite5daysearlier.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个在斯坦福教育农场的志愿活动的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation,compostingandhavingagreattimegettingdirty.(志愿者的任务每周都不一样。农场的任务可能包括保持田地里没有杂草和岩石，轮流种植新作物，枯萎的花朵，合作灌溉，堆肥和享受肮脏的时光。)”可知，志愿者每周做的事情不同。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.(我们欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者。10岁至14岁的孩子必须有一位家长积极陪伴)”可知，志愿者的最低年龄可能是10岁。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.(我们鼓励所有志愿者拼车、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具；在斯坦福大学的所有财产上停车都要收费。”可知，志愿者要避免独自开车。故选A项。BLe’AnnSolmonson,aprofessionalcounselor(顾问)inNacogdoches,Texas,hasseenfamiliesfallintoapatternaschildrenreachadolescence(青春期):Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.Inresponse,theparentstightentheircontrolorgivepunishment,onlytohavetheadolescentpushbackharderandbreakmorerules.Thusconflictshappen.“Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.“Thesearenaturalthingsthatcanfueldisagreements.”Incounseling,Solmonsonoftenasksateenandhisorherparentstonameasmallconflicttheystrugglewith.Sheinvitestheteentoexplainhisorherviewsaboutthedisagreement.Then,sheencouragestheparentstogivetheirviewsandrepeatwhattheirchildsaid.Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.Ifthishappens,Solmonsonwillremindthemthatshewantstohearwhattheythinkoftheirchild’sviewis,notwhetherit’srightorwrong.Shealsogivestheadolescentthesameassignment:Paraphrase(转述)yourparents’positionwithoutgivinganopiniononwhatwassaid.Theaim,sheexplains,istodevelopunderstandingtowardtheotherparty’sviewpoint.Parentsoftenneedtoworkonhowtheyrespondttotheirteenwhenwhattheyseeasamistakeoccurs.Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.Insteadofrespondinginanger,shecoachesparentstousesupportivestatementslike“Thatmusthavebeensostressful.Howcanwepreventthathappeningagain?”Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.Ifateenanswersdisrespectfully,Solmonsoncoachesparentstorespondbysaying,“I’mgoingtogiveyouado-over.Doyouneedaminutetothinkabouthowtosaythat?”ratherthanblowingupinanger.4.Whatdochildrenexpecttodowhenturningadolescents?A.Becomemoreindependent. B.Controltheiranger.C.Preventparent-childconflicts. D.Setnewboundaries.5.Whatisparents’commonresponsetoSolmonson’squestionincounseling?A.Summarizingtheirexperience. B.Pointingoutthechild’srisk-takingbehaviors.C.Explainingthewrongnessofthechild’sviews. D.Offeringtheiropinionsaboutdisagreements.6.WhatisSolmonson’sadviceforparentswhentheirteenmakesamistake?A.Dealwithitontheirown. B.Giveimmediatepunishment.C.Ignoreitwithoutdiscussion. D.Worktogetherforitscause.7.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisnecessaryforparentstoblowupangrily. B.Teensoftendisrespecttheirparents.C.Parentsshouldmodelrespectfortheirteens. D.Disagreementsarehardtosolve.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当小孩进人青春期时，容易与父母产生冲突。一位专业咨询师对此提出了一些建议。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.(年轻人想要更多的自主权，开始反抗父母的规定。)”和第二段““Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.(“青少年的目标是弄清楚‘我是谁？我的位置在哪里？并开始与父母分离。其中一些发展导致尝试新事物，”索尔蒙森说。)”可知，当孩子们进入青春期时，他们想要更多自由,期望变得更加独立。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.(通常，父母会立即跳到为什么孩子的想法是错误的。)”可知，在咨询中，当Solmonson让父母表达他们对父母和孩子之间的分歧的想法时，父母常见的反应是解释孩子观点的错误。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.(Solmonson强调，与青少年合作，找出导致这种情况的原因，以及他们需要什么来解决问题，这将防止他们进一步激化冲突。)”可推断，当孩子犯错误时，Solmonson建议父母与孩子一起找出问题的原因。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.(此外，Solmonson经常强调，如果父母希望在与孩子发生分歧时得到尊重，他们需要自己把尊重展现出来。)”可推断，在父母和孩子们之间产生分歧时，父母应该给孩子示范如何尊重人，从而成为树立尊重青少年的榜样。故选C。CThinkofatypicalcollegephysicscourse:notetaking,homeworkstrugglesandstudyingfordifficultexams.Nowimagineaccesstoatutor(导师)whoanswersquestionsatanyhour,nevertiresandneverjudges.Mightyoulearnmore?TheAI-supportedtutorissurprisinglymoreeffective.That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.ThestudywasledbylecturerGregoryKestinandKellyMiller,whoanalyzedlearningoutcomesof194studentsregisteredinfall2023inKestin’sPhysicalSciences2course.Beforethestudy,theteamcreatedinstructionsfortheAItutortofollowforeachlessonsoit’dbehavelikeanexperiencedinstructor.Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.“WewentintothestudycuriousaboutwhetherourAItutorcouldbeaseffectiveasin-personinstructors,”Kestinsaid.“Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”TheresearchersfoundthatlearninggainsforstudentsintheAI-tutoredgroupwereaboutdoublethoseforstudentsinthein-classgroup.Theresearchersbelievestudents’abilitytogetpersonalizedfeedback(反馈)andselfpacewiththeAItutorareadvantages.“Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”“However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”8.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A.Makeachoicebetweentwocourses. B.InstructtheAItutorinlearningskills.C.Reporttheirpartners’feelings. D.Studywithdifferenttutorsinturn.9.WhatdidKestinmostprobablythinkoftheirfindings?A.Valueless. B.Doubtful. C.Confusing. D.Surprising.10.Whatmightprobablyleadtostudents’lessengagementinclassaccordingtothetext?A.Inexperiencedin-classinstructors. B.Knowingthematerialswellinadvance.C.FeelingboredwithAI’squestions. D.Theirstruggleswiththeteacher.11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatKestinsaid?A.ThereexiststhepotentialmisuseofAI. B.ResearchersaremorepositiveaboutAI.C.AItutorsshoulddevelopcriticalthinking. D.In-personinstructionbenefitsstudentsmore.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍哈佛大学的一项研究，探讨了人工智能导师在物理课程教学中的效果和优势，同时也指出了潜在的注意事项。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.(学生们被分为两组，每组连续两周上两堂课。在第一周，第一组参与了由讲师指导的主动学习课堂，而第二组则在家中参与了遵循研究设计的人工智能支持的课程；第二周的情况则相反。)”可知，学生们被要求轮流体验两种不同的教学方式，即轮流与不同的导师（人类讲师和AI导师）学习。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.(这是哈佛大学一项研究得出的意外结论，该研究考察了一门大型物理课程中学生的学习成果。)”以及第四段““Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”(“我当然没想到学生会觉得人工智能授课更吸引人。但事实正是如此：AI导师不仅似乎帮助学生学习了更多材料，学生在与AI互动时也自我报告了更高的参与度。”)”可知，Kestin对他们的发现表示了惊讶，认为AI导师的效果超出了他的预期。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”(“在各种课堂环境中，对材料有扎实背景的学生可能参与度较低，有时甚至感到无聊，”Miller说。“而没有背景的学生有时则难以跟上。因此，这个AI导师能够支持这种差异，可能是它最大的特点。”)”可知，提前了解材料的学生对课堂的参与度较低。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”(“然而，如果我们不小心，AI也可能会损害学习，”Kestin说。“AI导师不应该‘代替’学生思考，而应该帮助他们培养批判性思维能力。AI导师不应该取代面对面授课，而应该帮助所有学生为面对面授课做好更充分的准备。”)”可知，Kestin指出了AI在教育领域应用时可能存在的风险，即如果不谨慎使用，AI可能会对学习产生负面影响。这暗示了存在滥用AI的潜在风险。故选A。DChildrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”Usingconversationanalysis,thestudyinvestigatedwhenandwherepeopleuse“please”ineverydayrequests.Notonlydopeopleuse“please”lessthan10%ofthetimewhenmakingrequests,buttheyalsotendtouseitmostwhentheyexpecta“no”responseisforthcoming.Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword“please”isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.“Wefoundthatusing‘please’oftenindicatesthatyou’rerequestingsomethingyoushouldn’tbe,”Stiverssays.Accordingtothestudy,peoplearemostlikelytouse“please”whenaskingsomeonetostopdoingwhatthey’redoinganddowhattheaskerwantsinstead,orwhenmakingarequesttheythinktheotherpersonisn’tgoingtolike.“Whatpeoplearereallytryingtosaybysaying‘please’oftenisthatthey’repolitepeople,”Stiverssays.“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.”Theseincludethingslike,“Wouldyoumind...?”,“WoulditbeOK...?”and“Howabout...?”Itissofunnythatwesocializechildrentodothisthingweadultsdon’tdo,butteachingkidstosay“please”isn’tbad.Justensureyou’realsoincludingotherpolitephrases.“Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.13.Whydoes“please”probablyfailtoworkaseffectivelyasexpected?A.Itmakesonefeelforced. B.Itissaidinarudemanner.C.Itleavestheaskerstressed. D.Itgivesoneasenseofmistrust.14.WhatisprobablyTanyaStivers’sopinionaboutbeingpolite?A.Itaskspeopletomakerequests. B.Itmeanssaying“please”more.C.Itoughttobedonesmartly. D.Itisaresultofsocietalchange.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?APolitePhrasesNowHaveGotNewMeanings.B.PolitePhrasesAreUsedMoreOfteninDailyLife.C.ManyOtherPolitePhrasesAreReplacing“Please”.D.“Please”MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于“please”在日常请求中使用情况的研究，介绍了研究结果、原因以及专家对此的看法和建议。【12题详解】词句猜测题。结合第一段中关于人们使用“please”一词的频率的研究数据和第二段中“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults(我们对结果感到惊讶)”以及“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.(有这么低的数字感觉是_____。)”可知，人们对“please”在日常请求中的使用频率之低感到惊讶，这与人们的普遍预期或直觉是相反的。故划线词counterintuitive意为“与直觉相反的，违反常理的”，与B项Contrarytocommonsense(与常识相反)意思相近。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword‘please’isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.(最有趣的是，用“please”表达的请求并不比其他礼貌的请求更有效。为什么？因为“please”这个词被用来说服对方同意他们可能不愿意做的请求。这种闲聊会让被问者感到不舒服)”可知，“please”可能无法像预期那样有效地起作用，因为它让对方感觉被强迫。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.(有时候，仅仅因为你不说“please”，并不意味着你不礼貌。我们在提出请求时还会使用很多其他短语来表示礼貌)”以及“‘Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.(如果有人想更有礼貌，我建议先添加其他礼貌的短语，然后再添加更多的‘please’)”可知，TanyaStivers认为礼貌不仅仅是说“please”，还可以通过其他礼貌的短语来表达，即礼貌应该巧妙地表达。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中“AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword‘please’whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.(《社会心理学季刊》上发表的一项新研究发现，人们在提出请求时只有7%的时间会使用“please”这个词)”以及全文对“please”在日常请求中使用情况的研究介绍可知，文章主要讲的是“please”在日常交流中的使用频率越来越低，可能会被其他礼貌短语所取代，故“‘Please’MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast(‘please’可能很快就会成为过去式)”是最佳标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Atfirstglance(扫视),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.“____16____Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.Itcarriesmoreweightthanimagined,fromhowwerelatetotheworldaroundustoourpersonaldevelopment.____17____Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.____18____Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.“CEOswithauniquenametendtodevelopaself-conceptionofbeingdifferentfrompeers(同辈),motivatingthemtopursueuntraditionalstrategies,”Zhuexplained.Namesmayalsoleadtolifechoices.Peoplewithuniquenameswereviewedasbettersuitedtocreativejobs,accordingtoPsychologyToday.TheydiscoveredChinesefilmdirectorswithdistinctivenamesreceivedhigherratingsfortheirwork.Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.____19____Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.____20____Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.Anyway,yournameisyourstory—makeitagreatone!A.Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.B.Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.C.Choosingthebestnameisofimportance,accordingtoZhu.D.Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.E.Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.F.Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.G.Whetheryournameiscommonorrare,itisanimportantpartofyouridentity.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名字对人的身份的影响，并分享了取名的建议。【16题详解】前文“Atfirstglance(扫视),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.(乍一看，名字似乎是一个人身份的基本组成部分；然而，它塑造身份的力量是不可否认的)”指出名字具有强大的塑造身份的力量，后文““Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.(亚利桑那州立大学的DavidZhu教授说：“因此，它是一个人自我概念的基础，尤其是在与他人的关系中。”)”用DavidZhu教授所说的话表明名字的作用在于奠定自我概念，强调了这在人际关系中的重要性，空处也是Zhu的观点，应该与名字在个人身份和与人交流的作用相关，因此E项“Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.(名字用于识别个人并与个人进行交流)”符合语境，承前启后。故选E。【17题详解】后文“Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.(在一个例子中，Elizabeth和Misty两个名字被研究了。那些叫Elizabeth的人给人的印象是热情和能干，而Misty们则被认为在这两方面都很差劲。这样的观点可能会导致现实世界的后果，潜在地影响到从求职到约会的方方面面)”给出一项研究，表明不同的名字给人不同的印象，从而影响生活的方方面面，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该会总的指出名字会影响他人对自己的看法，因此A项“Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.(名字可能会影响别人对我们的看法)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。【18题详解】前文“Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.(有趣的是，名字也可能塑造我们的个性)”总的指出名字会影响人的个性，后文“Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.(Zhu的研究发现，拥有独特名字的首席执行官往往追求更独特的商业战略)”用Zhu的研究说明名字独特的人往往行事也很独特，空处应起到过渡的作用，指出名字独特和个性鲜明之间的关系，因此D项“Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.(名字独特的人可能会有更强烈的个性)”符合语境，承前启后。故选D。【19题详解】前文“Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.(这表明，接受名字的独特性可能会潜在地释放创造力)”具体介绍名字独特的好处，后文“Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.(名字更普通的人可能会在短期内获得更大的社会认可和好感)”具体介绍名字普通的好处，空处应该将话题转移到名字普通上，指出其也有优点，因此B项“Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.(实际上，通用名字也有其优点)”符合语境，承前启后。故选B。【20题详解】前文“Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.(独特的名字和普通的名字都有各自的优点，也许在给孩子取名时找到一条中间道路是一个解决方案)”建议取名时要采用折中的策略，后文“Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.(但同时，也要给孩子起一个特殊而独特的昵称)”包含转折，建议孩子有一个独特的昵称，空处应该是建议名字取得普通些，因此F项“Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.(Zhu建议给孩子取一个更普通的名字，以获得社会认可)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文构成转折。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’ddrivenatleastthreelapsaroundthebuilding.Aftereachlap,Ipulledintotheparkinglotand____21____toenterthebuilding.Eachtime,justasIwasreadytostopthecar,Ilostmynerveand____22____aroundagain.Finally,Isaiditoutloud.“Ifyoudon’tgetoutofthiscarrightnow,I’llnever____23____you.”Thatdidthe____24____.Iheadedforthebuildingwhereauditions(试镜)weregoingonforacommunity-theaterproduction.Mylovefortheatreis____25____.Asearlyasmiddleschool,Iwas____26____thatI’dbecomeafamousactress.Inhighschool,Iwontournamentsseveraltimesinaclassroomsetting.ButIbrokeoutinacold____27____atthethoughtofstandingonthestagewithlightsandcurtains.Incollege,Istillfailedtoperformonstagebecauseofmy____28____ofmakingafoolofmyselfinfrontofstrangers.Lifemovedon.I____29____mydreamofbeingonstageinfavorofmyfamily.Then,IrealizedonedayhowmuchI_____30_____thetheater.Therefore,whenIspottedtheadforauditions,Igatheredmy_____31_____.Isatquietly,waitingwithotherperformers._____32_____,itwasmyturn.Thedirectoraskedmetoreadsomelinesofanovel.I_____33_____myselfjustbyreadingthewordsonthepage,lettingmypersonalityfly.Tomy_____34_____,Iwasaccepted.It’struewhatthedirectorsaid,“You’llneverknowifyoudon’ttry._____35_____yourselfbeyondyourlimits.”21.A.decided B.afforded C.happened D.managed22.A.walked B.circled C.danced D.gathered23.A.reward B.warn C.greet D.forgive24.A.act B.position C.trick D.duty25.A.symbolic B.endless C.admirable D.abnormal26.A.sad B.proud C.certain D.worried27.A.eye B.temperature C.shoulder D.sweat28.A.fear B.memory C.way D.hope29.A.calledon B.putforward C.setaside D.reflectedon30.A.required B.deserved C.missed D.represented31A.courage B.reputation C.purpose D.capacity32.A.Happily B.Eventually C.Unquestionably D.Fortunately33.A.identified B.treasured C.criticized D.calmed34.A.amazement B.regret C.disappointment D.curiosity35.A.Educate B.Push C.Defeat D.Impress【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.C30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章详细叙述了作者因对戏剧的热爱而鼓起勇气参加试镜的经历，包括之前的犹豫、决定、等待以及最终的试镜结果。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每绕一圈后