2022高考英语一轮复习Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina学案必修3

Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．principlen． 原则；准则2．resignvi. 辞职3．barkn. 树皮4．leathern. 皮革5．monkn. 和尚6．categoryn. 范畴；种类(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．ordern. 秩序2．loven. 仁爱3．softadj. 柔软的4．fuel_n. 燃料5．positionn. 职位6．conditionn. 状况；条件；环境(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．justadj.公正的→justicen．公正2．honestadj.诚实的→honestyn．诚实3．thinkv．想，思考，认为→thinkern．思想家4．kindadj.和蔼的；善良的→kindnessn．善良5．philosophyn．哲学→philosophern．哲学家6．advisevi.建议→advicen．建议→advisern．顾问7．influencen．&v.影响→influentialadj.有影响的8．freeadj.自由的；空闲的；免费的→freedomn．自由9．importantadj.重要的→importancen．重要；重要性10．contributevi.贡献；捐献；捐助→contributionn．贡献→contributorn．作出贡献者11．inventvt.发明→inventionn．发明→inventorn．发明家12．arguevi.争论；争辩；论证→argumentn．争论；辩论；议论13．stressvt.强调n．精神压力；心理负担；紧张；压力→stressedadj.紧张的，感到有压力的→stressful_adj.紧张的，有压力的14．teachv．教，教学→teacher_n．教师→teachingn．(常作复数)教导；学说15．equaladj.平等的；相等的v.比得上→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．相等；平等[语境活用]1．Theadviserfirmlyadvisedthebossshouldadoptthedoctor'sadviceofgivingupsmoking.(advise)2．Haierisoneofthemostinfluential_brandsallovertheworld.Ithasafar­reachinginfluenceonourlife.(influence)3．Thearchitectfeelsstressedtodothestressfultaskofrebuildingtheoldtempleundergreatstress.(stress)4．Thehonestboyimpressedalltheemployerswithhishonesty.(honest)5．Allmenarebornequal,_soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．equaladj.平等的；相等的；胜任的vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物背词条用法(1)beequalto能胜任；等于(to是介词)(2)equal...in...在……比得上……(3)withoutequal无与伦比背写作佳句①Wemustbearinmindthatwastingtimeisequaltowastingyourlife.我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。②MydeskmateequalsmeinEnglish,butherphysicsisbetter.我的同桌和我的英语水平差不多，但她的物理比我好。③IthinkI'mequaltothejobbecauseIamcapableofmunicatingwithforeignersinEnglish.我认为我能胜任这项工作，因为我可以用英语与外国人交流。2．ordern．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)背词条用法(1)inorder井然有序；适宜；妥当inorderto为了inorderof以……的顺序outoforder发生故障(2)ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事orderthat...(should)do命令……背写作佳句①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)Then,MrsMeredithsearchedtheInternetandorderedahouseholdpopcornmachine.然后，梅雷迪斯太太上网订购了一台家用爆米花机。②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Inordertowinthematch,weshouldgetfullypreparedandpracticehard.为了赢得比赛，我们应该充分准备并努力练习。3．stressvt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安n.压力；紧张；重音；强调；重要性背词条用法(1)stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性(2)understress在压力之下lay/place/putstresson...重视……背写作佳句①(2019·北京高考书面表达)Andhestressedtheimportanceofworkingwithourownhands.并且，他强调亲自动手劳动的重要性。②Atthesametime,itisnecessaryforustolaystressonthetrafficsafety.同时，我们有必要重视交通安全。③Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchapetitiveandstressfulsociety.宽恕和遗忘也是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会里。(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单元短语再认再现1．more_than 超过2．bring_up 养育；抚养3．in_conclusion 总之4．agree_with 同意；与……相符；适合(某人)5．be_similar_to_ 与……相似6．be_proud_of 为……自豪7．bee_interested_in 对……感兴趣8．for_the_first_time 第一次9．be_at_war_with 与……交战10．a_sense_of_responsibility 责任感eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重点短语拓展用活1.bringup养育；抚养；教育；提出(话题)；呕吐背相关短语bringin引入；赚得；挣得bringout显现出；使发挥；出版bringabout引起；导致(事故、变化等)bringback带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复bringdown使……降低；使……倒下背写作佳句①China'sreformandopeninguphavebroughtabouthugechangeinChina.中国的改革开放给中国带来了巨大的变化。②ThesoundandsmelloftheseabroughtbackmemoriesofthegreatfamilyvacationswhenIwasachild.大海的声音和气味唤起了我对儿时大家庭度假的回忆。③Shewasbroughtupbyhergrandmotherandeducatedatthelocalschool.她是由祖母抚养大的，在当地一所学校上的学。2．agreewith同意；与……相符；适合(某人)背相关短语agreetosth.同意(计划、办法、安排)agreeon在……达成一致agreetodosth.同意做某事agreethat...同意……背写作佳句①IagreewithSusan,whosearticleremindsmeofmybestgift,apen,givenbymyfather,whowasateacher.我同意苏珊的观点，她的文章让我想起了我最好的礼物，一支钢笔，是我的父亲送给我的，他是一名教师。②Youcan'timaginehowexcitedIwaswhenyouagreedtotraveltoYunnanwithmeinJuly.你无法想象当你答应七月份和我一起去云南旅游时我有多兴奋。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材内句式举一反三1．Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.(theway作先行词，省略that/inwhich的定语从句)己所不欲，勿施于人。佳句①Changethewayweviewtheworld,andwe'llchangeourlife.改变我们看待世界的方式，我们就会改变我们的生活。佳句②Asweknow,theearthisintroublebecauseofthewaywearepollutingit.正如我们所知，由于我们污染它的方式，地球正陷入麻烦之中。佳句③I'dliketoknowthewayyouthinkoftoimproveyourhandwriting.我想知道你想怎样改进你的书法。2．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.(thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”)孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。佳句①Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.我们栽种树木的原因是它们能为我们提供新鲜的空气。佳句②Thereasonwhymostpeopleliketravelingisthattheycanfeelthebeautyofthenatureandbreathethefreshairatthesametime.大多数人喜欢旅游的原因是他们可以感受到自然的美丽，同时呼吸新鲜的空气。3．However,wedoknowthatin1092ADheinventedthefirstrealclock.(“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调)然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了第一个真正的钟表。

佳句①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Idothankhimforwhathedidforme.我确实感谢他为我所做的一切。佳句②We'repleasedthatshedoesintendtoe.她确实打算来，我们很高兴。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主题佳句熟读成诵1．ConfuciusisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesesages.孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。2．ZhengHe,anexplorerinMingDynasty,ismyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory.郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。3．Owingtothefactthathecandowhateverhehaschosentodowithgreatperseverance,hehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了巨大成就。(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点——感谢信(三)[题目要求]假定你是校学生会主席李华，上周你校组织一个文化交流团到英国某高中进行文化交流，现已回国。请你代表你校交流团给英国活动负责人David写一封信。内容包括：1．感谢对方的招待；2．此行的体验和收获；3．邀请对方暑假来中国体验中国文化。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[背范文]DearDavid，I'mdelightedtotellyouwehavereturnedtoChinasafelyandI'mwritingtoexpressourgratitudeforyourreception.Wewereimpressedwithyourwarmentertainment.Withoutyourhelp,thejourneycouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.Wehavebenefitedalotfromthevisit.WegotsuchapreciouschancetolearnabouttheBritishcultureandhistory.ItalsoofferedusaplatformwherewecoulddisplayourtraditionalChineseculturelikepaper­cuttingandChinesepaintingstomoreforeigners.Itwillarousepeople'sgreaterinterestineachother'scultureandpromoteculturalexchanges.Wearesuretodevelopacloserfriendshipasmoreactivitiesareheld.WewouldliketoinviteyoutovisitChinathissummerholiday,soyoucanexperiencetheChinesecultureinpersonandhaveadeeperunderstandingofit.Yours，LiHua[学亮点]1．学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：expressone'sgratitudefor,beimpressedwith,benefitalotfrom,suchapreciouschance,display,arousepeople'sgreaterinterest,promote等，体现了考生丰富的语言词汇知识。(2)运用高级句式结构，如：虚拟语气的使用Withoutyourhelp,thejourneycouldn'thavebeensosuccessful；定语从句wherewecoulddisplayourtraditionalChineseculture...；as引导状语从句asmoreactivitiesareheld等，使文章的语言表达更有档次。2．学精彩结尾结尾先用WewouldliketoinviteyoutovisitChina...邀请David来中国，接着用表示因果关系的并列连词so引出“亲自体验中国文化”，上下文衔接自然，逻辑清晰。3．防微点失分考生容易因虚拟语气掌握不牢固，把“Withoutyourhelp,thejourneycouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.”表达成“Withoutyourhelp,thejourneycouldn'tbesosuccessful.”，或把“WegotsuchapreciouschancetolearnabouttheBritishcultureandhistory.”中的such误表达为so，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识[全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thiskindofclothfeelssoft(柔软的)andsellswell.2．Asforhisadvantages,hehas20years'teaching(教学)experiencetodrawon.3．Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceitwasinvented(发明)．4．Suchadiseasecanspread(传播)quickly.5．Somepositions(职位)requirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.6．Aprinciple_(原则)isageneralbeliefaboutthewayyoushouldbehave,whichinfluencesyourbehaviour.Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1．Barkmaybeusedasrawmaterialforpaper­making.树皮2．Fairnessandjusticeisthelifelineoftheruleoflaw.公正3．Mostairpollutioniscausedbytheburningoffuelslikecoal,gasandoil.燃料4．Polishingtheshoesisaveryimportantstepintakingcareofleathershoes.皮革5．(熟词生义)Shewouldinventanyexcusetoavoidseeingpeople.编造；捏造6．(熟词生义)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)．..howChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.刺激，加强Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Confuciusisagreatthinker(think)inthehistoryofChina.2．Fatherimpressedonmethevalueoffriendlinessandhonesty_(honest)．3.TheChinesepeoplehavemadegreatcontributions(contribute)totheworldpeace.4.Beinghard­workingisofthehighestimportance(important)tobeingsuccessful.5．Socrates,thegreatGreekphilosopher(philosophy)andfamouseducator,wasborninAthens,6．CharlieChaplinwasnotjustagenius,hewasamongthemostinfluential(influence)figuresinfilmhistory.7．MarygaveJacksomuchhelpthathegavehersomerosesinreturnforherkindness_(kind)．8.Theinventor(invent)issatisfiedtoseeanumberofnewproductsdevelopedaftercountlessefforts.9．Generally,seniorcitizensenjoytheirfreedom_(free)andtheyprefertoliveontheirownaslongastheycan.10.Everyonewantedtogivetheirdifferentviewsonitandanargument(argue)quicklybrokeout.名师点拨“一站清”(1)makecontributionsto相当于makeacontributionto。(2)beofimportance相当于beimportant。(3)动词后加­or构成表示“职业”的名词有：creator“创造者”，director“导演”，decorator“装饰者”，editor“编者”，educator“教育工作者”等。(4)注意：argue的名词形式是argument，词尾的字母“e”要去掉。[重点练——深化高频考点]1．equal[明其义]adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的vt.等于；比得上n．同等的人；相等物[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Nowadayswomenarestillstrugglingfortrueequality(equal)withmen.②Today,Blackpeoplearenotstilltreatedequally(equal).③Adog'smindisonlyequaltothatofatwo­year­oldbaby.(2)同义替换④Youngashewas,Johnwasequalto(＝was_fit/qualified_for)theimportanttask.[解其困]表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：①befitfor，②bequalifiedfor。2．order[明其义]n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Beingoutoforder,hisputerwassenttothefactory.②Theservantreceivedanorderthattheguests_(should)_be_treated(treat)well.③Theystartedearlythatmorningin_orderthattheymightgettherebeforenoon.(2)补全句子④In_order_to_learn_a_foreign_language_well,_itisnecessarytooverethefearofmakingmistakes.为了学好一门外语，有必要克服对犯错的恐惧。[解其困]order后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”，should可以省略。3．stress[明其义]vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安n．压力；紧张；重音；强调；重要性[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Toomuchhomeworkcanmakeusfeelstressed(stress)orsad.②Stressful_(stress)environmentsleadtosomeunhealthybehaviorsuchasapooreatinghabit.③Whenunderstress,evenamostgentlepersoncanbebad­temperedandgetangryeasily.(2)补全句子④What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_wemustmakeproperuseofInternetvoting.我想强调的是，我们必须正确使用网络投票。[解其困]stressful是形容事物的，指让人感到“压力重的，紧张的”；stressed是修饰人的，指人感到“焦虑不安，心力交瘁”。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力[词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空morethan，bringup，inconclusion，agreewith，besimilarto，beproudof，beeinterestedin，forthefirsttime1.Theword“variety”is_similar_to“kind”inmeaning.2.Shewaswellawarethatnoteveryoneagreed_withher.3．Onapeacefulsummerday,hewenttoswimintheseafor_the_first_time.4．Weare_proud_ofwhatourcountryhasachievedinthepastseventyyears.5．Being_brought_upinapoorfamilymadeTomverydiligentwhenhewasstillyoung.6.Historyismore_thanasubjectthatletsusknowsomethinginhistory,italsotellsusalotoftruths.7.Runningapanycallsforintelligence,patienceandalotofexperience.In_conclusion,_it'snotaneasything.8．Therewasatimewhenmanypeople_became_interested_in_martialartsunderJinYong'sinfluence.名师点拨“一站清”(1)besimilarto表示“与……相似”，to是介词。(2)agreewithsb.除了表示“同意某人”外，还可以表示“适合某人”之意。(3)morethan后接名词时，意为“不仅仅”；后接形容词时，意为“很，十分”。(4)表示“总之”的短语除了“inconclusion”外，还有：inaword,inall,inshort,inbrief等。Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较forthefirsttimeVSthefirsttime比较①Marywasashygirl_the_first_timeImether.②Thereisnofeelingonearthlikewinningfor_the_first_time.辨清(1)thefirsttime可以作连词，引导时间状语从句；还可以作名词后接that从句。(2)forthefirsttime是介词短语，意为“第一次，首次，初次”，一般用作状语，修饰谓语动词，可以放在句首，可以放在句末。Ⅲ.多义比比看——一词多义(写出下列各句中bringup的含义)①Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.教育②Hebroughtupapracticalplaninthemeeting,whichbroughtdownthecostofproduction.提出③Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadeatenatmidnight.呕吐④Broughtupinabigcity,hefounditquitedifficulttofitinthecountryside.抚养；养育[句式的验收盘点](一)theway作先行词的定语从句[通其用]补全句子①Itisnotwhathesaidbutthe_way_he_said_itthatsurprisedme.让我吃惊的不是他说了什么而是他说话的方式。②The_way_that/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。③Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingatthe_way_(that/in_which)_he_speaks_English.我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。[解其困](1)way表示“方式；方法”时，若从句中缺少方式状语，其后常接inwhich或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词inwhich或that省略掉。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或ofdoingsth.形式。(二)Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”[通其用]1．单句语法填空①Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.②Whydon'tyoubelievethereason_that_mycarwasheldupinthetrafficjam?2．补全句子③Thereason(that/which)_he_explainedatthemeetingwasthathedidn'tcatchthefirstbus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。[解其困](1)thereasonwhy...isthat...，表示“……的原因是……”，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。(2)thereasonthat/which...，表示“……的原因”，that/which引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(3)thereasonthat...，表示“……的原因”，that后接同位语从句，解释其内容。(4)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关系副词why或forwhich引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养2018浙江高考·阅读理解A篇——对接课标主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)[1]eq\o(In1812，theyearCharlesDickenswasborn，therewere66novels,\s\do4(1))publishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdate①thefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteampowered②printingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.[2]In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—③fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.[3]HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901；todayacasualreadermightbeabletoname④ahalfdozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife⑤.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.eq\o(Noonewilleverknow,\s\do4(2))whatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.［析微点·厚积语言基础］通句式——句子(1)中theyear作1812的同位语，therebe句型中published作定语修饰novels。①微点拨——名词动用：daten．日期；约会v．确定年代②构词法——合成词猜测词义：根据两个词各自的含义就可以很容易猜测出所构成新词的含义。steam­powered:steam(汽)＋powered(由……驱动的)→steam­poweredadj.蒸汽驱动的③微点拨——注意文中的破折号：本文第二段中的破折号起解释说明的作用。破折号后的内容是对前文的解释。④微积累——熟词生义：namen．名字v．给……命名(熟义)v．说出……的名称；叫出……的名字(生义)⑤微积累——常用短语识记allwalksoflife各行各业；各界通句式——句子(2)中what引导宾语从句。其中“madeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter”为make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(名词)的结构，意为“使……成为……”。[理脉络——内化读文规律](二)解析真题——感悟素养立意[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]21．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在18世纪，印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。22．DickensisparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。23．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.解析：选A写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和本文最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第23题主要考查学生的概括性思维。本文通过介绍英语文学史上的泰斗狄更斯的贡献及其历史地位，以此纪念这位文学泰斗。一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，凭断章取义的思维而往往错选。B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英语小说”、C项“鼓励研究文学”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这三项都不是作者写作本文的目的。考生要在平时学习中注意概括性思维品质的锻炼，不要以偏概全或断章取义。二、聚焦核心价值本文介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念这位伟大作家。该篇综合考查了考生在“语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力”四个方面的能力。“文化为先”便是本文的一大特点，旨在引导学生分析和鉴赏文学的能力，提高文学素养，从而传承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化和文学遗产。中国作为四大文明古国之一，文学方面创造了许多成就，尤其是中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，更加激励学生继承和发扬中国传统文化。(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Youneedapletechange,bothprofessionally(profession)andpersonally.2．Heworksforapanythatpublishes(publish)referencebooks.3．Hewascasually(casual)dressedinjeansandaT­shirt.4．Chrisfeelsthatherambitious(ambition)naturemadeherunsuitableforthejob.5．Hewasthemostdistinguished(distinguish)scholarinthisfield.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Heissooutgoingthathehasfriendsfromall_walks_of_life(各行各业的)．2．Hisdeterminationandconsiderationmade_him_a_good_leader(使他成为好领导)intheteam.3．Canyouname_all_the_students(说出所有学生的名字)inyourclass?Ⅲ.分析长难句In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.[句式解构]本句是含有一个时间状语从句和两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是theworld，谓语动词是mourned。其中when引导时间状语从句；who和whose分别引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词firstprofessionalwriterandpublisher。[句意翻译]1870年，当狄更斯去世的时候，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业作家和出版商，他声名远扬而受人爱戴，他使小说的出版数量和读者人数急剧增加，他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小蒂姆——都被认为是道德的试金石。Ⅳ.主题语境写作你特别喜欢作家查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，尤其是《雾都孤儿》(OliverTwist)，你被故事里面的故事情节和主人公深深吸引以至于把自己幻想成故事的主人公。请你就此情景写一篇小短文。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：IamveryfondofCharlesDickens'works，especiallyOliverTwist.Oneday,Ireadthebook,IwassoabsorbedinitthatIevenforgottohavemeals.Iwasmovedbythestoriesandthelittlepoorboyinthebook,andatthesametime,Iexperiencedthekindnessandthepersistenceofthelittleboy，whichinspiredmealot.IevenimaginedIwasthelittleboywholivedahardlifebutwiththehelpofthekindpeople,Ifoundmyhappinessintheend.课下主题训练对社会有突出贡献的人物Ⅰ.阅读理解Whenitestothegreatestinventionsoftheworld,China'snameissuretobementionedseveraltimes.TherearehundredsofthingswhichwereinventedbytheChinese.AlcoholShocked?ItwasbecausewhentheysaidalcoholIthoughtabouteithertheUSortheUK.Chinahadnevercrossedmymind.InChina,alcoholwasmadebytwolegendarypersonsnamedYiDiandDuKangwhobelongedtotheXiaDynasty.Thisperiodwasabout2000BC－1600BC.ResearchsaysthatinancientChina,beerwith4%alcoholiccontentwaswidelyconsumedbypeople.TeaChinaistheproudinventorofteawhichwasfirstdrunkbyShenNong,aChineseemperoraround2737BC.Teaproductionwasrapidlydeveloped,makingteaapopulardrinkduringtheTangandSongDynasties.TheMechanicalClockHaveyoueverwonderedwhatonearthwewouldbedoingwithoutanyideaoftime?Aclockreallyisaninventionwithoutwhichthingswereinplete.ThecreditofmakingthefirstmechanicalclockgoestoancientChina.ThefirstmechanicalclockwasinventedbyYiXingintheTangDynasty.Thiswasduring618ADand907AD.SilkFabricSilk,thefavoritefabricofmanygirlsoutthere,isalsoaChineseinvention.Althoughweallknowthatsilkismadebysilkworms,itwasChinesepeoplewhofirstinventedawaytoharvestthesilkandthenuseittomakeclothes.TheoldestsilkwhichhasbeenfoundsofarisinHenan语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国的四个发明，分别是酒、茶、机械钟和丝绸。1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．BeerwaspopularintheXiaDynasty.B．YiDiandDuKanginventedalcohol.C．AlcoholwasfirstinventedintheUS.D．ItiswellknownthatalcoholisaChineseinvention.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“InChina,alcoholwasmadebytwolegendarypersonsnamedYiDiandDuKangwhobelongedtotheXiaDynasty.”可知，在中国，酒是由夏朝的两位传奇人物仪逖和杜康酿制的。由此可知，仪逖和杜康发明了酒。故选B。2．TheauthorasksthequestioninParagraph4toshow________.A．ancientChineseinventorswerewiserB．manythingsinourlivesareinpleteC．ancientChinesepeopleneverwastedtimeD．themechanicalclockisanimportantinvention解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Haveyoueverwondered...inplete.”可知，你有没有想过，如果没有时间观念，我们到底会做些什么？钟表的确是一项没有它，一切就不完整的发明。由此可推知，作者在第四段中提出的问题是为了说明机械钟是一项重要的发明。故选D。3．Whichofthefollowinginventionshasalongerhistory?A．Silkfabric. B．Tea.C．Alcohol. D．Themechanicalclock.解析：选A细节理解题。阅读全文可知，迄今为止发现的最古老的丝绸在河南省，可以追溯到公元前3630年。对比可知，四项发明中，丝绸织物有较长的历史。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Beingadmittedtohospitalisboring.SincechildhoodKevinGatlinhasbeenboredbythe__1__environmentsofhospitalroomssohecameupwitha__2__solutiontohelpwiththehospitaldepressionsasameansofmakingsurethathischildrenwereneverforcedto__3__thesameboredom.Gatlinisthe__4__behindPlaytimeEdventures,featuringdozensofgamesandlessonsforchildren__5__totheirhospitalbeds.Severalyearsago,Gatlinwentto__6__hisfriend'schildinhospital.Hegotthe__7__forthebedsheets.Itwas__8__toseeachildspendinghoursandhoursinaplainwhiteroom.He__9__howhiswifehadalwaysplayedgamesonhisson'sbedinorderto__10__himtofallasleep.Gatlinthenspentthenexttwoyears__11__thesheetssothatchildrencouldbeentertainedfromthe__12__oftheirownbed.Healsoworkedwithteacherstomakethegames__13__.“Weputtogetherbedsheetsandsleepbagsthat__14__everythingfromgeography,math,science,grammar,wordfindgames...allonathree­pieceset，”Gatlinsaid.Uptillnow,Gatlinknowsthathis__15__arebeingusedin10differenthospitals.Butsincehiscustomersareableto__16__thebedsheetstotheirownlocalhospitals,thatnumbercouldbemuchhigher.Therefore,morekidscan__17__.Parentscanalso__18__thesheetsfortheirownchildrenathome.Catlinhopesthathisinventionwillsoonmakeitswayinto__19__aroundtheworld.So__20__kidslyinginbedwon'tgetbored.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了KevinGatlin受到医院里无聊的孩子的启发，发明了一款床单，让躺在病床上的孩子可以在自己舒适的床上娱乐。1．A.unfriendly B．dullC．pleasant D．healthy解析：选B根据文章首句“Beingadmittedtohospitalisboring.”可知，医院的病房环境很枯燥。故选B。2．A.simple B．peacefulC．normal D．plex解析：选A根据后文可知Gatlin发明了可以做游戏的床单这个简单的方法来帮助缓解医院的压抑。故选A。3．A.escape B．enjoyC．experience D．increase解析：选C根据上文“makingsurethathischildrenwereneverforcedto”可知，Gatlin想出这个办法是为了以确保他的孩子们永远不会被迫经历同样的无聊。故选C。4．A.customer B．petitorC．sponsor D．inventor解析：选D根据后文“behindPlaytimeEdventures,featuringdozensofgamesandlessonsforchildren”可知，Gatlin是PlaytimeEdventures公司的创始人。故选D。5．A.addicted B．restrictedC．devoted D．accustomed解析：选B根据后文“totheirhospitalbeds”可知，该公司为许多限制在医院病床上的孩子们提供了游戏和课程。故选B。6．A.train B．adoptC．visit D．examine解析：选C根据后文“hisfriend'schildinhospital”可知，Gatlin去医院探望他朋友住院的孩子。故选C。7．A.inspiration B．moneyC．material D．permission解析：选A句意：他获得了床单的灵感。后来Gatlin发明了游戏床单，可知在那次看望朋友孩子的事情中他获得了灵感。故选A。8．A.boring B．scaringC．puzzling D．heartbreaking解析：选D根据后文“toseeachildspendinghoursandhoursinaplainwhiteroom”可知，看到一个孩子在一间朴素的白色房间里一小时又一小时地待着，真叫人心碎。故选D。9．A.dreamedof B．thoughtaboutC．foundout D．dependedon解析：选B根据后文“howhiswifehadalwaysplayedgamesonhisson'sbedinorderto”可知，Gatlin想到了他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏。故选B。10．A.force B．allowC．help D．promise解析：选C他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏是为了帮助儿子入睡。故选C。11．A.developing B．promotingC．advertising D．producing解析：选A根据上文“Gatlinthenspentthenexttwoyears”可知，Gatlin用了两年时间开发出了床单。故选A。12．A.quality B．sizeC．warmth D．fort解析：选D床单可以让孩子们在自己的床上舒适地享受娱乐。故选D。13．A.professional B．educationalC．regular D．profitable解析：选B根据后文“Weputtogether...games”可知，这些游戏还具有教育意义，上面包含了学科知识。故选B。14．A.change B．mendC．cover D．differ解析：选C根据后