新概念英语第二册外刊精读和阅读练习

Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.当我们进入一个机器人无处不在的世界时，人类似乎变得和机器一样机械化了。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.ultra-processed

超加工的carbon-intensive

高碳行业dairy

/ˈderi/n.乳制品Eversince

redandprocessedmeatwaslinkedtoanincreasedriskofcancer

adecadeago,peoplehavebeenadvisedtolimittheirdailyconsumptionofthesetoamaximumof70g.Butwhilethe“fiveaday”fruitandvegetablescampaignturns21thisyear,andwarningsaboutexcesssugarabound,other

governmentguidelines

onfoodremainvague.Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.Therearenorecommendationsastohowmuchwhitemeatshould

beconsumed.vague

/veɪɡ/adj.不明确的，不清楚的oily

/ˈɔɪli/adj.含油的The

nationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategy

rejectedtheideaofameattax

asameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUK

atelessmeatathome

thanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,and

veganismhasgainedinpopularity.banger

/ˈbæŋər/n.香肠veganism

/'vedʒənizəm/n.纯素食主义Nevertheless,theideaofaproteintransitionhasnotcaughtoninthewaythattheenergytransitionhas,anditneedstobetalkedaboutiftargetsaretobereached.Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor

12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.SomeexpertsareconcernedaboutthelackoffocusonmeatintheUN’sclimateplans.graze

/ɡreɪz/v.放牧isresponsiblefor

是造成……原因IntheUK,theClimateChangeCommittee,whichadvisesthegovernmentonpoliciestomeetnetzero,hasproposeda35%reductioninmeatperpersonby2050.Thenationalfoodstrategyrecommendeda30%reductionover10years.Buthavingcommissionedthereview,BorisJohnsondisregardedit–andalsopostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising

netzero

净零排放disregard

/ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/v.忽视，轻视，postpone

/poʊˈspoʊn/v.推迟，延缓长难句分析：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.解析：这个句子使用了比较结构“as...as...”，意为“和...一样”，表达了当机器人无处不在时，人类的行为和机器一样机械化。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.解析：这个句子的主语是“thepublicationofamajorstudy”，“linking...to...”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“study”，说明这项研究将习惯性食用加工肉和红肉与2型糖尿病的高风险联系起来，这是我们深思饮食选择的一个重要原因。Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.解析：这个句子简单明了，指出许多人认识到改变饮食习惯有环境方面的原因。Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.解析：这个句子使用了“while”引导的对比结构，说明政府对鱼类的摄入有具体建议，但对肉类的摄入建议则含糊不清。Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.解析：这个句子中，“Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup”是现在分词短语作状语，说明研究的基础是焦点小组的研究，作者们观察到某些食物在文化上具有神圣地位。Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.解析：这个句子使用了“allthesame”表示尽管有上述情况，但肉类消费量仍然下降了。Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.解析：这个句子中，“Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmland”是主语，“isusedto”后面跟了两个目的状语，说明全球四分之三的农田用于饲养动物或种植饲料作物，这些活动占全球温室气体排放的12%到20%。阅读理解：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.1.WhatisthemainconcernregardingBritisheatinghabits?A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.B.Thepopularityofvegandiets.C.Thedecreaseinredmeatconsumption.D.Theincreaseindairyproductconsumption.2.Whatistherecommendeddailyconsumptionofredandprocessedmeat?A.Lessthan50g.B.Exactly70g.C.Upto70g.D.Morethan100g.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonforthedeclineinmeatconsumptionintheUK?A.Healthconcerns.B.Costoflivingpressures.C.Culturalpreferences.D.Risingpopularityofveganism.4.WhatpercentagereductioninmeatconsumptionperpersonhastheClimateChangeCommitteeproposedby2050?A.20%.B.30%.C.35%.D.50%.5.WhatwasBorisJohnson'sresponsetothenationalfoodstrategy?A.Heimplementedtherecommendationsimmediately.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.C.Heproposedanevenmoreambitiousreductiontarget.D.Hefocusedonpromotingthe"fiveaday"campaign.参考答案：1.A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.解析：短文中提到了对超加工和垃圾食品不断上升的担忧，这是英国饮食习惯中长期存在的问题。2.C.Upto70g.解析：短文中明确提到了自从红肉和加工肉与增加患癌症风险联系起来后，人们被建议将每天的摄入量限制在最多70克。3.C.Culturalpreferences.解析：短文中提到了由于生活成本压力、家庭在支付食品账单上的困难以及素食主义的流行导致肉类消费量的下降，但没有提到文化偏好作为下降的原因。4.C.35%.解析：英国气候变化委员会建议到2050年每人肉类消费量减少35%。5.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.解析：短文最后提到，尽管鲍里斯·约翰逊委托进行了审查，但他忽视了审查结果，并且推迟了对垃圾食品广告的限制。阅读理解练习2：Thenationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxasameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUKatelessmeatathomethanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,andveganismhasgainedinpopularity.1.Theauthorsofthenationalfoodstrategyobservedthatmeat-basedmealsareconsidered:A.Economical.B.Unhealthy.C.Culturallysignificant.D.Environmentallyfriendly.2.Thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxbecauseitwasthoughtto