《土木工程专业英语 第2版》 翻译版 课件 Unit 5 Composite Construction

Unit5CompositeConstructionEnglishforCivilEngineering——Unit5CompositeConstruction5.1Overview（概述）5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeam（钢-混凝土组合梁）5.1.2CompositeSlabs（组合楼板）5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)（型钢混凝土）5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)Columns（钢管混凝土）5.2Pre-stressedConcreteCompositeSlabs（预应力混凝土组合楼板）5.2.1Introduction（简介）5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlate（预应力混凝土组合楼板综述）5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabs（预应力组合楼板的研究及应用）5.2.4Conclusion（结论）In1988,BankofChinaTowerinHongKong(Fig.5-1)wascompleted.ThismagnificentbuildingwasthetallestbuildinginAsiaatthattime.Thebuildingwasconstructedusingcompositesteel-concretestructures,whichisanimportantmilestonesincethedevelopmentofthecompositeconstruction.中银大厦是组合结构史上的里程碑compositesteel-concretestructures钢-混凝土组合结构；milestone里程碑5.1OverviewIn1988,BankofChinaTowerinHongKong(Fig.5-1)wascompleted.ThismagnificentbuildingwasthetallestbuildinginAsiaatthattime.Thebuildingwasconstructedusingcompositesteel-concretestructures,(whichisanimportantmilestonesincethedevelopmentofthecompositeconstruction.)1988年，香港的中银大厦（图5-1）竣工。这座宏伟的建筑物是当时亚洲最高的建筑物。该建筑采用钢-混凝土组合结构，是组合结构施工史上的一个重要里程碑。5.1OverviewCompositeconstructionisamethodofconstructionthatisusedinavarietyofengineeringandbuildingapplications.Employingdissimilarcomponents,suchasconcreteandsteelorfiberglassandfoam,forasingleuseorstructureiscalledcompositeconstruction.Thegoalisunifyingoftheindividualcomponentpropertiestocreateacompositematerialthatpossessesthedesiredpropertiesofallcomponentpieces.组合结构定义dissimilar不同的；fiberglass玻璃纤维；foam泡沫橡胶；unify统一；possess具有5.1OverviewCompositeconstructionisamethodofconstructionthatisusedinavarietyofengineeringandbuildingapplications.Employingdissimilarcomponents,suchasconcreteandsteelorfiberglassandfoam,forasingleuseorstructureiscalledcompositeconstruction.Thegoalisunifyingoftheindividualcomponentpropertiestocreateacompositematerialthatpossessesthedesiredpropertiesofallcomponentpieces.组合结构施工是一种用于多种工程和建筑的施工方法。将不同的组件，如混凝土和钢，玻璃纤维和泡沫橡胶，用于单一的用途或结构称为组合结构。我们的目标是统一各个组件的性能，以创造出具有所需属性的组合材料。5.1OverviewInstructuralengineering,compositeconstructionexistswhentwodifferentmaterialsareboundtogethersostronglythattheyacttogetherasasingleunitfromastructuralpointofview.Whenthisoccurs,itiscalledcompositeaction.Onecommonexampleinvolvessteelbeamssupportingconcretefloorslabs.Ifthebeamisnotconnectedfirmlytotheslab,thentheslabtransfersallofitsweighttothebeamandtheslabcontributesnothingtotheloadcarryingcapabilityofthebeam.However,iftheslabisconnectedpositivelytothebeamwithstuds,thenaportionoftheslabcanbeassumedtoactcompositelywiththebeam.Ineffect,thiscompositecreatesalargerandstrongerbeamthanthesteelbeamalone.Thestructuralengineermaycalculateatransformedsectionasonestepinanalyzingtheloadcarryingcapabilityofthecompositebeam.如何实现组合作用concretefloorslabs混凝土楼板；stud铆钉；beassumedto假定为；stud铆钉5.1OverviewInstructuralengineering,compositeconstructionexistswhentwodifferentmaterialsareboundtogethersostronglythattheyacttogetherasasingleunitfromastructuralpointofview.Whenthisoccurs,itiscalledcompositeaction.Onecommonexampleinvolvessteelbeamssupportingconcretefloorslabs.Ifthebeamisnotconnectedfirmlytotheslab,thentheslabtransfersallofitsweighttothebeamandtheslabcontributesnothingtotheloadcarryingcapabilityofthebeam.However,iftheslabisconnectedpositivelytothebeamwithstuds,thenaportionoftheslabcanbeassumedtoactcompositelywiththebeam.Ineffect,thiscompositecreatesalargerandstrongerbeamthanthesteelbeamalone.Thestructuralengineermaycalculateatransformedsectionasonestepinanalyzingtheloadcarryingcapabilityofthecompositebeam.在结构工程中，当两种不同的材料紧密结合在一起作为一个统一的结构单元共同工作时，就称为组合结构，这种共同工作的效应称为组合效应。一个常见的例子是钢梁支撑混凝土楼板。如果梁没有与楼板牢固的连接，那么板将其所有重量转移到梁上，而板对梁的承载能力没有任何贡献。然而，如果板与梁用铆钉牢固的连接，那么该板的一部分可以被假定为与梁共同作用。实际上，这种组合材料会产生比钢梁更大更强的承载力。结构工程师分析组合梁承载能力时可以采用计算换算截面的方法。5.1OverviewCommonstructuralmembersofcompositeconstructioninclude①Steel-ConcreteCompositeBeams(Steel-ConcreteFloorCompositeStructure),②CompositeSlabs,③SteelReinforcedConcrete:SteelReinforcedBeams,SteelReinforcedColumns,SteelReinforcedWalls,④ConcreteFilledTube.组合结构分类5.1OverviewCommonstructuralmembersofcompositeconstructioninclude①Steel-ConcreteCompositeBeams(Steel-ConcreteFloorCompositeStructure),②CompositeSlabs,③SteelReinforcedConcrete:SteelReinforcedBeams,SteelReinforcedColumns,SteelReinforcedWalls,④ConcreteFilledTube.常用的组合结构包括①钢-混凝土组合梁（钢筋混凝土组合楼板），②组合板，③型钢混凝土：型钢混凝土梁，型钢混凝土柱，型钢混凝土墙，④钢管混凝土。5.1OverviewCompositesteel-concretebeamismadeupofsteelbeamandslabbyshear

connector.Inthistypeofcompositebeam,concreteandsteelbeamhavejointstressandcompatibilityofdeformation,whichmakefulluseofthecompressivestrengthofconcreteandthetensilestrengthofsteel.Soitremarkablyraisesthestiffnessandstabilityofbeams.钢-混凝土组合梁的组合形式shear

connector剪力连接键；joint共同的5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamCompositesteel-concretebeamismadeupofsteelbeamandslabbyshearconnector.Inthistypeofcompositebeam,concreteandsteelbeamhavejointstressandcompatibilityofdeformation,whichmakefulluseofthecompressivestrengthofconcreteandthetensilestrengthofsteel.Soitremarkablyraisesthestiffnessandstabilityofbeams.钢-混凝土组合梁是由钢梁和混凝土楼板采用剪力连接键组合而成。在这种组合梁中，混凝土与钢梁具有共同的应力和变形协调能力，充分利用混凝土的抗压强度和钢梁的抗拉强度，从而显著提高梁的刚度和稳定性。5.1CompositeConstructionCompositesteel-concretebeamshavebeendevelopedveryfastinrecentyears,andmoreandmorewidelyusedasthehorizontalelementscarryingheavyloadsinbuildingsandbridges,obtainingnotableeconomicandsocialbenefits.组合结构定义horizontalelements水平构件5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamCompositesteel-concretebeamshavebeendevelopedveryfastinrecentyears,andmoreandmorewidelyusedasthehorizontalelementscarryingheavyloadsinbuildingsandbridges,obtainingnotableeconomicandsocialbenefits.钢-混凝土组合梁近年来发展很快，越来越广泛地应用于建筑物和桥梁中承受水平荷载的水平构件，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。5.1CompositeConstructionAdvantagesofcompositebeams:1. Theconcreteandsteelisutilizedeffectively.2. Moreeconomicalsteelsectionisusedincompositeconstructionthanconventionalnon-compositeconstructionforthesamespanandloading.3. Depthandweightofsteelbeamrequiredisreduced.So,theconstructiondepthalsoreducesincreasingtheheadroomofthebuilding.组合梁的优点utilize利用；conventional传统的；headroom净空5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamAdvantagesofcompositebeams:1. Theconcreteandsteelisutilizedeffectively.2. Moreeconomicalsteelsectionisusedincompositeconstructionthanconventionalnon-compositeconstructionforthesamespanandloading.3. Depthandweightofsteelbeamrequiredisreduced.So,theconstructiondepthalsoreducesincreasingtheheadroomofthebuilding.组合梁的优点：1、充分利用了混凝土和钢材的材料特性。2、与传统的非组合结构相比，在相同的跨度和荷载作用下组合结构能采用更经济的钢梁截面。3、减少钢梁的刚度和重量，因此也增加了建筑物的净空高度。5.1CompositeConstruction4. Compositebeamshavehigherstiffness,thustheyhavelessdeflectionthansteelbeams.5. Compositebeams(Fig.5-2)cancoverforlargespacewithouttheneedofanyintermediatecolumns.6. Compositeconstructionisfasterbecauseofusingrolledsteelandpre-fabricatedcomponentsthancast-in-situconcrete.7. Encasedsteelbeamhavehigherresistancetofireandcorrosion.组合梁的优点intermediatecolumns中柱；rolledsteel轧制钢；pre-fabricatedcomponents预制构件；cast-in-situconcrete现浇混凝土；encasedsteelbeam内置钢梁；corrosion腐蚀5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeam4. Compositebeamshavehigherstiffness,thustheyhavelessdeflectionthansteelbeams.5. Compositebeams(Fig.5-2)cancoverforlargespacewithouttheneedofanyintermediatecolumns.6. Compositeconstructionisfasterbecauseofusingrolledsteelandpre-fabricatedcomponentsthancast-in-situconcrete.7. Encasedsteelbeamhavehigherresistancetofireandcorrosion.4、组合梁具有较高的刚度，挠度比钢梁小。5、组合梁可以应用于大跨度结构中，而不需要设立多余的中间柱。6、与现浇混凝土结构相比，采用轧制钢和预制构件的组合结构施工速度更快。7、外包混凝土的钢梁具有较高的耐火性和耐腐蚀性。5.1CompositeConstructionCompositeslabscommonlyreferstosteeldeckreinforcedcompositeslabs(Fig.5-3)whichareformedbypouringconcreteonthesteelplateofdifferentkindsofconcaveandconvexribsordifferentkindsgrooves.Theyrelyonvariousformsofconcaveandconvexribsorgroovesandthensteelandconcretewillbeconnectedtogether.组合板steeldeck钢板；concaveandconvexribs凹凸肋；groove凹槽5.1.2CompositeSlabsCompositeslabscommonlyreferstosteeldeckreinforcedcompositeslabs(Fig.5-3)whichareformedbypouringconcreteonthesteelplateofdifferentkindsofconcaveandconvexribsordifferentkindsgrooves.Theyrelyonvariousformsofconcaveandconvexribsorgroovesandthensteelandconcretewillbeconnectedtogether.组合板一般是指在不同凹凸肋或不同凹槽的钢板上浇注混凝土而形成的钢筋混凝土叠合板。它依靠各种形式的凹凸肋或沟槽，然后将钢和混凝土连接在一起。5.1.2CompositeSlabsSteelreinforcedconcrete(Fig.5-4)compositestructures(shortastheSRCcompositestructure)ismadeupofprofilesteel,longitudinalreinforcement,stirrupsandconcrete.Thatisconcretestructurewithprofilesteelinthecoreofstructurecomponentsandwithstirrupsandappropriate

verticalreinforcementoutofstructurecomponents.Itisdividedintotwotypesofstructure:allstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructuresandpartofstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructures.型钢—钢筋混凝土组合结构的组成成分profilesteel型钢；longitudinalreinforcement纵向钢筋；stirrup箍筋；appropriate适量的；verticalreinforcement竖向钢筋（应为纵向钢筋）；5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)Steelreinforcedconcrete(Fig.5-4)compositestructures(shortastheSRCcompositestructure)ismadeupofprofilesteel,longitudinalreinforcement,stirrupsandconcrete.Thatisconcretestructurewithprofilesteelinthecoreofstructurecomponentsandwithstirrupsandappropriateverticalreinforcementoutofstructurecomponents.Itisdividedintotwotypesofstructure:allstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructuresandpartofstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructures.型钢—钢筋混凝土组合结构（简称SRC组合结构）由型钢、纵筋、箍筋和混凝土组成。这种混凝土结构将型钢置于结构核心区，将箍筋和适量的纵向钢筋布置在结构构件的外围。这种结构分为两类：所有结构构件均为钢骨混凝土组合结构，部分结构构件为钢骨混凝土组合结构。5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)Concrete-filledtubecolumnsconsistofasteeltubefilledwithconcrete.Theconcretecoreaddsstiffnessandcompressivestrengthtothetubularcolumnandreducesthepotentialforinwardlocalbuckling.Conversely,thesteeltubeactsaslongitudinalandlateralreinforcementfortheconcretecorehelpingittoresisttension,bendingmomentandshearandprovidingconfinementfortheconcrete.钢管混凝土柱的组成及优点inwardlocalbuckling向内的局部屈曲；lateralreinforcement侧向支承；confinement约束5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsConcrete-filledtubecolumnsconsistofasteeltubefilledwithconcrete.Theconcretecoreaddsstiffnessandcompressivestrengthtothetubularcolumnandreducesthepotentialforinwardlocalbuckling.Conversely,thesteeltubeactsaslongitudinalandlateralreinforcementfortheconcretecorehelpingittoresisttension,bendingmomentandshearandprovidingconfinementfortheconcrete.钢管混凝土柱是在钢管中填充混凝土。混凝土核心区增加了钢管柱的刚度和抗压强度，并减小了向内局部屈曲的可能性。相反，钢管作为混凝土核心的纵向和横向支承，有助于抵抗拉力、弯矩和剪力，并为混凝土提供约束。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothebenefitofcompositeactionofthetwomaterials,theCFTcolumnsprovideexcellentseismiceventresistantstructuralpropertiessuchashighstrength,highductilityandlargeenergyabsorptioncapacity.Also,circularhollowsectionspossessmanyadvantagesoveropensections,includingaestheticappearanceandeconomyintermsofmaterialcosts.钢管混凝土柱抗震性能好ductility延性；aestheticappearance美观5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothebenefitofcompositeactionofthetwomaterials,theCFTcolumnsprovideexcellentseismiceventresistantstructuralpropertiessuchashighstrength,highductilityandlargeenergyabsorptioncapacity.Also,circularhollowsectionspossessmanyadvantagesoveropensections,includingaestheticappearanceandeconomyintermsofmaterialcosts.由于两种材料的组合作用，钢管混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能，如高强度、高延性和大的耗能能力。此外，圆形空心截面比开口截面具有更多优点，例如美观和节省材料成本。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothecomplexityofconnectionsbetweensteelbeamsandcircularhollowsections,theiruseinstructuralsteelworkislimited.Thisisbecausetheuseofstandardboltingisnotfeasibleandcostlyunpopularweldedconnectionsarethenormalsolutions.Concrete-filledsteeltube(CFT)columnscombinetheadvantagesofductility,generallyassociatedwithsteelstructures,withthestiffnessofaconcretestructuralsystem.钢管混凝土柱同时具有钢结构和混凝土两种材料的优点，不过不能使用常规螺栓进行连接feasible可行的5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothecomplexityofconnectionsbetweensteelbeamsandcircularhollowsections,theiruseinstructuralsteelworkislimited.Thisisbecausetheuseofstandardboltingisnotfeasibleandcostlyunpopularweldedconnectionsarethenormalsolutions.Concrete-filledsteeltube(CFT)columnscombinetheadvantagesofductility,generallyassociatedwithsteelstructures,withthestiffnessofaconcretestructuralsystem.由于钢梁与圆形空心截面连接的复杂性，其在钢结构中的应用受到限制。这是因为使用标准螺栓连接复杂的节点是不可行的，我们通常使用昂贵的不受欢迎的焊接连接来处理节点连接问题。钢管混凝土柱兼具了钢结构延性的优点，也具有混凝土结构体系的刚度。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsInallkindsoffloors,concreteslabsoccupythedominantposition.Concreteslabscanbedividedintotwomajorcategories,thecast-in-placeslabandtheprecastslab.Thecast-in-placeslabhasgoodstructuralintegrity,however,itneedson-siteconcretepouringprocedure,largeconcretewetconstruction,instableconstructionquality,morescaffoldingandtemplates,highcostsandlongconstructionperiod.Theprecastslabisproducedinthefactoryandhasadvantagesoflessconcretewetconstruction,stableconstructionquality,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,lowconstructionnoise,reducibleengineeringcostandshortconstructionperiod.Butitsstructural

integrityneedstobeimproved.Therefore,compositeslabswhichcombinetheadvantagesofcast-in-placeslabsandprecastslabsbecomepopular.Itsbottompanelismanufacturedinfactoryandassembledonthespot.Thentheconcreteispouredinplacetoformthecompositeslab.Thisslabisprovidedwithadvantagesofgoodstructuralintegrity,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,shortconstructionperiod,goodeconomicefficiency,soithaspromisingdevelopmentprospects.组合楼板结合了现浇板和预制板优点dominantposition主导地位；category类别；on-siteconcretepouringprocedure现场混凝土浇筑；scaffolding脚手架；template模板；structuralintegrity结构完整性；bottompanel底板；spot现场5.2.1IntroductionInallkindsoffloors,concreteslabsoccupythedominantposition.Concreteslabscanbedividedintotwomajorcategories,thecast-in-placeslabandtheprecastslab.Thecast-in-placeslabhasgoodstructuralintegrity,however,itneedson-siteconcretepouringprocedure,largeconcretewetconstruction,instableconstructionquality,morescaffoldingandtemplates,highcostsandlongconstructionperiod.Theprecastslabisproducedinthefactoryandhasadvantagesoflessconcretewetconstruction,stableconstructionquality,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,lowconstructionnoise,reducibleengineeringcostandshortconstructionperiod.Butitsstructuralintegrityneedstobeimproved.Therefore,compositeslabswhichcombinetheadvantagesofcast-in-placeslabsandprecastslabsbecomepopular.Itsbottompanelismanufacturedinfactoryandassembledonthespot.Thentheconcreteispouredinplacetoformthecompositeslab.Thisslabisprovidedwithadvantagesofgoodstructuralintegrity,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,shortconstructionperiod,goodeconomicefficiency,soithaspromisingdevelopmentprospects.在各种楼板中，混凝土板占据主导地位。混凝土板可分为现浇板和预制板两大类。现浇楼板具有良好的结构完整性，但需要现场浇筑混凝土，混凝土湿作业施工量大，施工质量不稳定，脚手架和模板较多，造价高，工期长。而预制板在工厂生产，减少混凝土湿作业、施工质量稳定、脚手架模板少、施工噪音低、工程造价低、工期短等优点。但其结构完整性有待提高。因此，结合现浇板和预制板优点的组合板越来越受到人们的欢迎。其底板由工厂制造，现场组装。然后将混凝土浇注到位，形成组合板。该板结构整体性好，脚手架模板少，施工工期短，经济效益好，具有广阔的发展前景。5.2.1IntroductionThecompositeslabwithpre-stressedbottompanelisthemostwidelyusedcompositeslab.InChina,thepre-stressedthinslabwasproducedupto1957.In1970s,thepre-stressedcompositebeamandslabwasproducedwithcold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires.In1980s,thestandarddrawingofpre-stressedcompositeslabswascompiled.Nowadays,thecompositeslabhasbeenwidelyusedinthehousingconstruction.Integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructureswithcompositecomponents,formedbypre-stressedcompositeslabsandpre-stressedhollowcompositebeams,havebeenappliedintallbuildings.组合板的发展cold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires冷拔低碳钢丝；standarddrawing标准图册；compile编制；integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructures整体预制的超静定结构；pre-stressedhollowcompositebeams预应力空心组合梁5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThecompositeslabwithpre-stressedbottompanelisthemostwidelyusedcompositeslab.InChina,thepre-stressedthinslabwasproducedupto1957.In1970s,thepre-stressedcompositebeamandslabwasproducedwithcold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires.In1980s,thestandarddrawingofpre-stressedcompositeslabswascompiled.Nowadays,thecompositeslabhasbeenwidelyusedinthehousingconstruction.Integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructureswithcompositecomponents,formedbypre-stressedcompositeslabsandpre-stressedhollowcompositebeams,havebeenappliedintallbuildings.预应力底板组合板是应用最广泛的组合楼板。在中国，早在1957年就开始生产预应力薄板。70年代，采用冷拔低碳钢丝生产预应力叠合梁板。80年代，编制了预应力叠合板的标准图册。现如今，组合楼板在住宅建设中得到了广泛的应用。由预应力复合板和预应力空心梁构成的整体预制的超静定结构已在高层建筑中得到应用。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelofcompositeslabsmostlyemploysthefirst-tensionedpre-stressedpanel.Thebottompanelcanalsobeusedaspermanentformworks.Accordingtowhetherornotthebracesaresetunderbottompanels,thecompositeslabcanbesortedintoone-stageloadingcompositeslabandtwo-stageloadingcompositeslab.组合板分类first-tensionedpre-stressedpanel先张拉预应力板；permanentformworks永久性模板；one-stageloadingcompositeslab一阶段加载组合板；two-stageloadingcompositeslab两阶段加载组合板5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelofcompositeslabsmostlyemploysthefirst-tensionedpre-stressedpanel.Thebottompanelcanalsobeusedaspermanentformworks.Accordingtowhetherornotthebracesaresetunderbottompanels,thecompositeslabcanbesortedintoone-stageloadingcompositeslabandtwo-stageloadingcompositeslab.组合板底板主要采用先张拉预应力板。底部面板也可以作为永久性模板。根据是否在底板下设置支撑，组合板可分为一阶段加载组合板和两阶段加载组合板。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateTheone-stageloadingcompositeslabhasslenderbottompanel,soitshouldbesupportedbytemporarybracesbeforethebottompanelsareassembled.Thepost-pouredconcretelayerandbottompanelbegintoworktogetherafterpost-pouredconcreteishardened.Theone-stageloadingcompositeslabissimilarwiththecast-in-placeslabinmechanicalbehavior.一阶段加载组合板的做法及特点temporarybraces临时支撑；bottompanels底板5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateTheone-stageloadingcompositeslabhasslenderbottompanel,soitshouldbesupportedbytemporarybracesbeforethebottompanelsareassembled.Thepost-pouredconcretelayerandbottompanelbegintoworktogetherafterpost-pouredconcreteishardened.Theone-stageloadingcompositeslabissimilarwiththecast-in-placeslabinmechanicalbehavior.一阶段加载组合板具有细长的底面板，所以在底板安装前应用临时支撑固定。后浇混凝土层和底面板在后浇混凝土硬化后开始协同工作。一阶段加载组合板在力学性能上与现浇板类似。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompaneloftwo-stagecompositeslabhasenoughbendingstiffnessandneedsnotemporarybracesduringconstruction.Soconstructiondurationcanbeshortenedandtheprojectcostcanbereduced.Differentfromthecast-in-placeslab,thecross-sectiondimensionsandreinforcementsofthecompositeslabaredecidedbyconstructionstage,notbyservicestage.Beforethepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbearsnoloads.Inthemeanwhile,thebottompanelitselfbearsitsdeadweight,post-pouredconcrete’sdeadweightandconstructionloads.Afterthepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbeginstoworktogetherwithbottompaneltoformcompositeslab,whichbearsthedeadweightofpost-pouredconcretelayer,floorsurfaceandceilingandliveloadduringservicestage.两阶段加载组合板的做法及特点cross-sectiondimensions截面尺寸；reinforcement配筋5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompaneloftwo-stagecompositeslabhasenoughbendingstiffnessandneedsnotemporarybracesduringconstruction.Soconstructiondurationcanbeshortenedandtheprojectcostcanbereduced.Differentfromthecast-in-placeslab,thecross-sectiondimensionsandreinforcementsofthecompositeslabaredecidedbyconstructionstage,notbyservicestage.Beforethepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbearsnoloads.Inthemeanwhile,thebottompanelitselfbearsitsdeadweight,post-pouredconcrete’sdeadweightandconstructionloads.Afterthepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbeginstoworktogetherwithbottompaneltoformcompositeslab,whichbearsthedeadweightofpost-pouredconcretelayer,floorsurfaceandceilingandliveloadduringservicestage.两阶段加载组合板底板具有足够的抗弯刚度，施工过程中不需要临时支撑，即缩短了施工工期，降低工程造价。与现浇楼板不同，该组合板的截面尺寸和配筋取决于施工阶段，而不是由正常使用阶段决定。现浇混凝土层硬化前不承受荷载。这一时期，底板不仅要承受板体自重，而且还要承受后浇混凝土的重量和施工荷载。现浇混凝土层硬化后，开始与底板共同工作，形成组合板，承受现浇混凝土层、楼板、天花板自重和活载。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelpatterndeterminesthebondingbehaviorofthecompositeslabandtheedgejointdetailsinfluencesitscrackresistance.Theroughnessofbottompanelsurfacecanaffectthebondforceofcompositeslabs.Accordingtoroughness,thebottompanelcanbedividedintonaturalroughbottompanel,artificialroughbottompanelandshear-resistantreinforcedbottompanel.Accordingtocrosssection,thebottompanelcanbeclassifiedintoflatbottompanel,precastribbedbottompanel,hollowbottompanelandsandwichbottompanel.组合板根据底板粗糙程度和截面形状分类bottompanelpattern底板形状；bondingbehavior粘结性能；crackresistance抗裂性能5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabsThebottompanelpatterndeterminesthebondingbehaviorofthecompositeslabandtheedgejointdetailsinfluencesitscrackresistance.Theroughnessofbottompanelsurfacecanaffectthebondforceofcompositeslabs.Accordingtoroughness,thebottompanelcanbedividedintonaturalroughbottompanel,artificialroughbottompanelandshear-resistantreinforcedbottompanel.Accordingtocrosssection,thebottompanelcanbeclassifiedintoflatbottompanel,precastribbedbottompanel,hollowbottompanelandsandwichbottompanel.底板形状决定了组合板的粘结性能，边缝细节影响其抗裂性能。底板表面粗糙度对组合板的粘结力有影响。根据粗糙度，底板可分为天然粗糙底板、人造粗糙底板和抗剪加固底板。根据横截面，底板可分为平底板、预制肋板、空心底板和夹层底板。5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabsCompositeslab