新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage提能作业新人教版选择性必修第三册

UNIT3SectionⅡ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theriverbasin(流域)ishometothisrarespeciesoffish.2．Chinahasbeenpushingforwardwiththereform(改革)ofthewelfaresystemforthebenefitofallitscitizens.3．Asisknowntoall,abalanceddietandmoderate(适度的)exerciseeverydayarebeneficialtohealth.4．Heisgivingtheannual(每年的)reporttothecommittee.5．Vaccinedevelopmenttakesmonthsandevenyearsbecausethevaccinesmustundergo(经验)extensivetesting.6．Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuildingaharmonious(和谐的)society.7．Completedprojectsmustbesubmitted(提交)by10March.8．Heavysnowhascausedtotalchaos(混乱)ontheroads.9．Heisverysensitive(敏感)toclimatechange.10．Themountainareaiscoveredentirelyindensejungle(丛林)．Ⅱ.将干脆引语变成间接引语1．Johnsaid，“Iwanttotakepartinthe2024OlympicGames.”→Johnsaidthathewantedtotakepartinthe2024OlympicGames.2．HesaidtoKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.3．Mr.Smithsaid，“Hisvoiceiswonderful.”→Mr.Smithsaidthathisvoicewaswonderful.4．Hesaid，“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”→Hesaidthathissisterwantedtogowithhim.5．Shesaid(tome),“Ilikethisbookverymuch.”→Shetoldmethatshelikedthatbookverymuch.6．Shesaid(tohim),“Youhaven'treturnedmemybook.”→Shetoldhimthathehadn'treturnedherherbook.7．Hesaid，“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema.8．Iaskedtheteacher，“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeeting？”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeeting.9．“Let'sgotothecountryforapicnic，”Petersaidtome.→Peteradvisedmetogotothecountryforapicnicwithhim.10．“Givemeahand,please，”shesaidtotheboy.→Sheaskedtheboytogiveherahand.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Heaskedwhocouldtelltheexacttimewhentheproblemwouldbesolved.解析：句意：他问谁能告知这个问题能够被解决的准确时间。间接引语用陈述语序；who应位于间接引语的开头。故填who。2．“Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIhadeverbeentotheseaside.解析：句意：他问我是否去过海边。干脆引语是一般疑问句，间接引语要变成由whether/if引导的宾语从句；主句动词用了过去时态，干脆引语为现在完成时，变成间接引语时要用过去完成时。故填had。3．Atouristexplainedtoaforeignerwhytheflagflew(fly)athalf-mast(下半旗)．解析：句意：一位游客向一个外国人说明为什么降半旗。依据主句谓语可知应用过去时。故填flew。4．Weweretoldthattherewas(be)goingtobeanEnglishcornerinthehallat7o'clockp．m.解析：句意：有人告知我们下午七点在大厅有一个英语角。主句为一般过去时，在间接引语中，要用过去时态。而且anEnglishcorner为单数，因此用was。故填was。5．Heasked,“WhendidCambodia'sformerKingpassaway？”→HeaskedwhenCambodia'sformerKinghadpassedaway.解析：句意：他问柬埔寨前国王是何时去世的。干脆引语是一般过去时，变为间接引语时要变成过去完成时。故填hadpassed。6．Hesaid，“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→Hetoldhismotherthattheboywasverynaughty.解析：句意：他跟妈妈说那个男孩很调皮。陈述句变间接引语时，主句动词可以用tell。故填told。7．HetolduslastnightthattheflighttoShanghaitakes(take)offateighttomorrow.解析：句意：昨晚他告知我们到上海的航班明天八点起飞。干脆引语表达的为客观现象，为时刻表规定的内容，变为间接引语时谓语动词需用一般现在时。故填takes。8．Theheadteachertoldusthatmostofthestudentswere(be)borninthe1990s.解析：句意：校长告知我们大多数学生诞生于20世纪90年头。有详细的过去时间作状语的干脆引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，仍旧用一般过去时。故填were。9．“Didthecoldweatherreallybegin？”thechildsaidtohismother.→Thechildaskedhismotherwhether/ifthecoldweatherhadreallybegun.解析：句意：孩子问妈妈寒冷的天气是否已真正起先。变间接引语时一般疑问句变为whether/if引导的宾语从句。故填whether/if。10．Aspokesmansaidtheotherdaythatthecompanyhadsaid(say)“sorry”tosomeunderage(未成年的)workersforhiringthem.解析：句意：几天前一位发言人说这家公司因雇用未成年工人已向他们致歉。故填hadsaid。二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·辽宁省锦州市高二期末)Asclimatechangebecomesseveresummeraftersummer,millionsofpeoplearefindingthemselvescoveredinwildfiresmoke,includingthoseinNorthAmericajustthispastmonth.Itisbadforourhealth.Itisalsoreallydisturbing,butwedon'ttalkaboutthatasmuch.Weoftenusetheterms“atmosphere”or“climate”torefertothemoodofasituation.Weusemetaphors(比方)todescribeaffectivestates,suchas“feelingundertheweather”or“oncloudnine”．Suchlanguagesuggeststhatweunderstandthathumanemotionsareintimatelyrelatedtotheatmosphericphenomena.Yetrarelydowepayattentiontothewayswefeelclimatechange.Butwildfiresmokeshowshowaffectiveclimatechangecanbe.Forexample,wildfiresmokeisoftenreferredtousingemotionalphrasessuchas“airofdread”．Throughlivingwiththesmokeandthepanicitgenerates,wecanthinkmorecarefullyaboutthewaysweexperienceclimatechange,andcrucially,whyandhowweneedtorespondtoit.Weoftenthinkofclimatechangeimpactsasfaraway,separatefromourbodies,becausesciencetypicallyusesglobalrepresentationsandstatisticalinformation.Butwildfiresmokespreadsandpollutesourbodies,andindeed,crossesmanyotherboundaries;itdriftsfromruralareasintobigcities;anditcrossesstateandnationalborderswithease.Ofcourse,somebordersaremorepermeable(渗透的),andsomebodiesmoresensitivetothesmoke.Throughitsabilitytopassthroughandbecomepartofourverybeing,wildfiresmokeiscloserinnaturetotheairpollutionwenormallythinkofasoneofthecausesofclimatechange.Wildfiresmokeisbothanimpactandacauseofclimatechange.Itexplainsthenatureofclimatechangeimpactsandtheself-reinforcing(自我强化)feedbackcirclesthatcan,andmay,leadtotheplanetwarmingitselfindependentofhumanactions.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变更导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变更的相识。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutpeople'sreactiontoclimatechange?DA．Theyarecuriousaboutit.B．Theytakeitveryseriously.C．Theyfeelpowerlessaboutit.D．Theypaylittleattentiontoit.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段的“Itisbadforourhealth.Itisalsoreallydisturbing,butwedon'ttalkaboutthatasmuch.(它对我们的健康有害。这也很令人担心，但我们很少谈论这个。)”和其次段最终一句“Yetrarelydowepayattentiontothewayswefeelclimatechange.(然而，我们很少会关注我们对气候变更的感受。)”可知，虽然气候变更会造成野火，且其产生的烟雾会对人们的健康造成损害，但人们很少谈论它，也很少关注对于气候变更的感受。故选D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimately”inParagraph2mean?AA．Closely. B．Naturally.C．Certainly. D．Unexpectedly.解析：词义揣测题。依据其次段的前两句可知，人们常常运用“大气”或“气候”之类的词汇来指代某种状况下的心情；常常用比方来描述情感状态，如“feelingundertheweather(感觉不舒适)”和“oncloudnine(在九霄云上；狂喜)”。再结合画线词所在句(这种语言表明，我们可以理解，人类的情感与大气现象intimately相关)可知，这些语言表明我们人类的心情与大气现象有着特别亲密的关系。由此可知，画线词intimately与closely“亲密的”意思相近。故选A。3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwildfiresmoke?AA．Itallowspeopletosenseclimatechange.B．Itdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itinfluencespeople'smood.D．Itattractsscientists'deepconcernsworldwide.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段的内容可推知，作者认为野火烟雾让人们准确地感受到了气候变更带来的影响。故选A。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?CA．WhySmokefromWildfiresHarmsUsB．HowWeCanObserveClimateChangeC．WhatSmokefromWildfiresCanTeachUsD．WhatWeCanDotoAvoidSmokefromWildfires解析：标题归纳题。依据第一段内容以及下文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变更导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变更的相识。由此可知，C选项(野火产生的烟雾能教会我们什么)最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。B(2024·湖南省部分学校高三联考)Researchershavedevelopedadevicethatturnssunlight,carbondioxideandwaterintooxygenandformicacid(甲酸)—astablefuelthatcaneitherbeuseddirectlyorbechangedintohydrogen,withoutrequiringanyadditionalcomponentsorelectricity.Thedevice,developedbyateamfromtheUniversityofCambridge,isasignificantsteptowardachievingartificialphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Harvestingsolarenergytoturncarbondioxideintofuelsisapromisingwaytoreducecarbonemissions.However,itischallengingtoproducethesecleanfuelswithoutunwantedby-products.“Inaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbecomplicated—wewanttogettothepointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcanalsobeeasilystoredandtransported，”saidProfessorEisner,seniorauthorofthestudy.In2024,researchersfromEisner'sgroupdevelopedasolarreactorbasedonan“artificialleaf”design,whichalsousessunlight,carbondioxideandwatertoproduceafuel,knownassyngas.Thenewtechnologyisquitesimilartotheartificialleafbutworksinadifferentwayandproducesformicacid,whichcanbechemicallyconvertedintodifferenttypesoffuel.Theartificialleafusedcomponentsfromsolar-cells,whilethenewdevicedoesn'trequirethesecomponentsandreliesentirelyonphotocatalysts(光催化剂)placedonasheet.Thesheetsaremadeupofsemiconductorpowders,whichcanbepreparedinlargequantitieseasilyandcost-effectively.Inaddition,thisnewtechnologyproducescleanfuelsthatareeasiertostore.“Weweresurprisedhowwellitworked—itproducedalmostnoby-products，”saidEisner.“Sometimesthingsdon'tworkaswellasyouexpected,butthiswasararecasewhereitactuallyworkedbetter.”Theresearchersarenowworkingtofurtherimproveefficiency.Additionally,theyareexploringothercatalyststogetdifferentsolarfuels.“Wehopethistechnologywillpavethewaytowardsustainableandpracticalsolarfuelproduction，”saidEisner.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。探讨人员模拟光合作用独创了一种新设备，可将阳光、二氧化碳和水转化成清洁能源。5．Whatwasaproblemwithartificialphotosynthesis?CA．Itconsumestoomuchelectricity.B．Itproducestoomanyby-products.C．Theenergyitproducesisnoteasytostore.D．Theenergyitproducescannotbeuseddirectly.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Inaddition,storageofgaseousfuelscanbecomplicated—wewanttogettothepointwherewecancleanlyproducealiquidfuelthatcanalsobeeasilystoredandtransported(此外，气体燃料的储存可能很困难——我们希望达到这样一种程度，即我们可以清洁地生产出一种液体燃料，同时也可以便利地储存和运输)”可知，人工光合作用的一个问题就是产生的气态燃料不易储存。故选C。6．Whatadvantagedoesthenewdevicehaveovertheartificialleaf?CA．Itismoreenvironment-friendly.B．Itislighterandeasiertocarry.C．Itismoreeconomicalandefficient.D．Ituseslessenergy-demandingsolarcells.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段内容可知，与人造叶子相比，新设备既经济又高效。故选C。7．Whatdotheresearchersfocusondoingnow?AA．Tryingoutnewcatalysts.B．Makingfulluseofby-products.C．Exploringothersustainablefuels.D．Mass-producingtheirnewdevice.解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Additionally,theyareexploringothercatalyststogetdifferentsolarfuels.(此外，他们正在探究其他催化剂以获得不同的太阳能燃料。)”可知，探讨人员现在专注于试验新的催化剂。故选A。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?BA．TheprospectofartificialphotosynthesisB．AnewdeviceforartificialphotosynthesisC．OpportunitiesandchallengesofphotocatalystsD．Artificialleaf:greatprogressonmakingcleanenergy解析：标题归纳题。依据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了探讨人员独创的一种可用于人工光合作用的新设备。由此可知，B.(人工光合作用的新装置)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·辽宁营口市高二期末)AsourEarth'stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld'sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto1.Bthelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe2.Cofphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea3.Adeathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe4.Dofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto5.C,andinsomecases,theforestsare6.Bpermanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso7.Atoattacksbybacteria(细菌)．Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas8.Dcanoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave9.Ctheforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe10.Btreesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,11.Athevarietyofthosesystems.12.D,someendangeredspeciesareunableto13.Canddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller14.Apoorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations15.Boutonthewondersofforests?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白由于气候变更，地球温度上升，这对我们世界的森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消逝，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生变更，甚至死亡。1．A.protect B．preventC．save D．free解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。依据后文“thelossofwater”可知树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻挡水分的流失。A.protect爱护；B.prevent阻挡；C.save挽救；D.free释放。故选B。2．A.movement B．situationC．process D．operation解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(process)。A.movement活动；B.situation状况；C.process进程；D.operation操作。故选C。3．A.higher B．firmerC．lighter D．smaller解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。依据上文“thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly”可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。B.firmer较坚实的。故选A。4．A.choice B．measureC．qualification D．chance解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。依据后文“Afterwildfires”可知全球气温上升增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。A.choice选择；B.measure测量；C.qualification资格；D.chance可能性，机会。故选D。5．A.grow B．rescueC．recover D．decline解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统须要一段时间才能复原，在某些状况下，森林会永久无法复原。结合上文“Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto”可知野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统须要时间才能复原。B.rescue营救；C.recover复原；D.decline下降。故选C。6．A.ignored B．lostC．hurt D．left解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统须要一段时间才能复原，在某些状况下，森林会永久无法复原。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林须要时间来复原，但是某些状况下，森林也可能不能复原了。A.ignored被忽视的；B.lost无法复原的，失去的；C.hurt受伤的；D.left左边的，剩下的。故选B。7．A.accessible B．enjoyableC．acceptable D．favorable解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也简单受到细菌的攻击。依据后文“toattacksbybacteria(细菌)”可知树木也简单受到细菌的攻击。短语beaccessibleto“简单进入的，简单接近的”。A.accessible易接近的；B.enjoyable欢乐的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.favorable赞成的。故选A。8．A.attention B．commandC．trust D．support解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物常常会窒息树木，并剥夺树木的养分。结合上文“vinesthatusethetreesas”可知藤本