新教材适用2025版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练主旨大意类

主旨大意类A(2024·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen,throwingflouracrossbutcher-blocktables,fillingmetaltrayswithhand-shapedbread,andshiftingsteaming,freshbreadtocoolingshelves．TheonlybodiesatrestinthisNewYorkCitybakeryarepanswithbread,waitingtobesentintotheoven．Theskilledbakersturnoutaround25varietiesrangingfromclassicFrenchbaguettestocrispArmenianlavashcrackers—whichtheysellatfarmers'marketsandgourmetstores．ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It'sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts．Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace—andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein—is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez．Bymixingherlifelongpassionforsocietywithgreatfood,Rodriguezsaysshehascreatedherdreamjob．In2008,RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates,hiringtwoimmigrantwomenasherfirstbakers．“Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics，”shesaysofthoseearlydays．“Butforeverypersonwhoquestionedit,therewerefivepeoplewhowereinterestedinsupportingus．”Today,HotBreadKitchenemploysastaffof35andoccupiesanearly5,000-square-footspaceinLaMarqueta,apublicmarketinEastHarlem．ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen'sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60．ComingfromlandssuchasHaiti,Nepal,andtheDominicanRepublic,somehavelivedintheU．S．foraslittleasayear．Others,includingproductionmanagerAntoniaGarcia,whoisoriginallyfromMexico,havecalledAmericahomeformorethanadecade．Thesewomen'sdiversehomelandsarereflectedinmanyofthebakery'sproducts,likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm'smen,abutterybread．TheprogramhasfarsurpassedRodriguez'soriginalhopes．Sinceitshumblebeginnings,HotBreadKitchenhastrained27womenfrom12countries．Theyreceivepaid,on-the-jobexperience,aswellascoursesinbakerysciences,andEnglishaspartofayearlongtrainingprogram．1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout？A．Constantactivityofskilledworkers．B．Varietiesoffreshbakedgoods．C．Manydifferenttypesofequipmentusedinbakeries．D．Difficultworkingconditionsofbakeryemployees．2．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessamynRodriguez？A．Adventurousandmodest．B．Ambitiousandgifted．C．Hard-workingandcourageous．D．Devotedandstubborn．3．HowdoestheauthorestablishthediversityofHotBreadKitchen？A．Bydescribingthecoursesofferedtoemployees．B．Byintroducingthebackgroundsoftheemployees．C．Bydescribingthebakery'slocationatLaMarqueta．D．Byintroducingthebakery'sdevelopmentsince2008．4．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle？A．Employeesfromdiversehomelandsproducevariousproducts．B．ThehardworkingwomenhavehelpedHotBreadKitchendevelopquickly．C．RodriguezbecameasuccessfulbakerafterestablishingHotBreadKitchen．D．HotBreadKitchenprovidesprofessionalopportunitiesforimmigrantwomen．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明JessamynRodriguez建立非营利组织HotBreadKitchen来为移民女性供应职业机会和这一组织的一些特点。1．A段落大意题。依据第一段“Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesinworkingintheHotBreadKitchen．．．whichtheysellatfarmers'marketsandgourmetstores．(一天中的任何时候，穿着白围裙的面包师都在热面包厨房里忙着工作，把面粉撒在砧板上、把手形面包装满金属托盘、把热气腾腾的簇新面包放到冷却的架子上。在纽约市的这家面包店里，唯一休息的是装着面包的平底锅，等待被送入烤箱。这些娴熟的面包师制作了大约25个品种，从经典的法式长棍面包到亚美尼亚脆脆的拉瓦什饼干，他们在农贸市场和美食商店出售。)”可知，第一段主要讲了娴熟工人的持续活动。故选A。2．C推理推断题。依据其次段“Overseeingdailyoperationoftheplace—andoftenrollingupherownshirtsleevestoinvolvein—is35-year-oldfounderandCEOJessamynRodriguez．(35岁的创始人兼首席执行官JessamynRodriguez负责这家餐厅的日常运营，她常常卷起衬衫袖子参加其中。)”以及第三段“‘Iwasdefinitelybreakingnewground,andwefacedalotofskeptics，’shesaysofthoseearlydays．(‘我肯定是在开拓新天地，我们面临着很多怀疑，’她在谈到早期的日子时说。)”可知，JessamynRodriguez勤奋且英勇。故选C。3．B细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段“ThewomenwhobakeandpackageHotBreadKitchen'sofferingsrangeinagefrom21to60．．．abutterybread．(烘焙和包装热面包厨房产品的女性年龄从21岁到60岁不等。他们来自海地、尼泊尔和多米尼加共和国等地，有些人只在美国生活了一年。其他人，包括来自墨西哥的生产经理AntoniaGarcia，十多年来始终把美国当作自己的家。这些女性来自不同国家的背景反映在这家面包店的很多产品上，比如传统玉米饼和广受欢迎的黄油面包。)”可知，作者通过引入不同背景的员工来建立HotBreadKitchen的多样性。故选B。4．D文章大意题。依据其次段“ButHotBreadKitchenismorethanabakery:It'sanonprofitdesignedtogiveforeign-bornwomentheskillsandsupporttheyneedtoestablishcareersintheculinaryarts．(但HotBreadKitchen不仅仅是一家面包店：它是一个非营利组织，旨在为外国诞生的女性供应她们在烹饪艺术领域建立职业生涯所需的技能和支持。)”以及介绍这一组织的一些特点可知，这篇文章主要说明HotBreadKitchen为移民女性供应职业机会。故选D。B(2024·安徽省合肥市高三一模)Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety'sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy．Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport．IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency．Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet．However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely．Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance—andevenout—competethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel．Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations．Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运),steel,andenergystorage．Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld'sroadfleet．Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime．Nanoscale(纳米级的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater．Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates．Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply．Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen．ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater．Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies．5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2？A．Stop． B．Decrease．C．Continue． D．Disappear．6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？A．Waysofstoringhydrogensafely．B．Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles．C．Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel．D．Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen．7．Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean？A．Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices．B．Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements．C．Theinventionofthewatertransportsystem．D．Theuseofthenanoscalethinfilmtechnology．8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A．CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB．TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC．HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD．WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBeLike【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用状况。5．B词句揣测题。依据其次段“Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen(超过90%的交通燃料是以汽油为基础的，但假如更多的车辆运用氢)”可知，假如运用氢气的话温室气体排放量会“下降”，画线词的意思是“下降”。故选B。6．C段落大意题。依据第三段“However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely．(然而，氢并不被认为是汽油作为汽车发动机燃料的志向替代品，因为氢更难平安储存。)”和“Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations．(此外，为储存，管道和燃料站找寻投资对很多国家来说仍旧是一个挑战。)”可知，本段主要讲了运用氢作为汽车燃料的挑战。故选C。7．D细微环节理解题。依据第五段“Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime．Nanoscale(纳米级的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater．(值得庆幸的是，探讨始终在进步。纳米薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获得氢气。)”可知，采纳纳米级薄膜技术使得从海洋中获得氢气更有效。故选D。8．A标题归纳题。依据第一段“Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport．(引入电动汽车(EV)和削减汽油运用是有帮助的，但零碳氢可以加快交通的转型和长期脱碳。)”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用状况。选项A“清洁能源氢打算起飞”适合用作文章标题。故选A。C(2024·江苏省连云港市高考考前模拟)WhattimeitisvariesdependingonwhichofEarth'stimezonesyouarein—butwhatifyouaren'tanywhereonEarth?ScientistsfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),agroupcommittedtoexploringtheuniverse,arearguingthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezonetoo．Atthemoment,missionstoorinvolvingtheMoonusethetimezoneofthecountryoperatingthespacecraft．ESAarguesthataspecifictimezonefortheMoonwouldmakeiteasierforspaceagenciesfromaroundtheworldtoworktogether．OncemissionsmakeittotheMoon,havingthesametimezonewouldmakeitsimplerforastronautstocommunicateandtravelacrossitssurface．Settingupalunartimezoneisnoteasy．Gravityaffectshowquicklyorslowlytimepasses．SincegravityisweakerontheMoonthanitisonEarth,clocksrunslightlyfasterontheMoon．After24hours,alunarclockwouldbe56microsecondsaheadofaclockonEarth．AnotherpointtoconsideristhatafulldayonEarthismeasuredbythelengthoftimebetweentwosunsets—about24hours．OntheMoon,thetimebetweentwosunsetsisnearly709hours,whichisabout29．5Earthdays．Thismeansthatlunarnightscanbearoundtwoweekslong,withonlytheEarthandthestars—noSun—inthesky．Withallthistothinkabout,scientistsneedtodecidewhetheritwouldbebettertofollowatimezoneonEarth,orfortheMoontohaveitsownuniquezone,whichwouldhavemuchlongerdays．NASAisplanningtolandhumansontheMoonin2025．TherearealsootherunmannedmissionsofothercountriestotheMoonlaterthisyear．TheideaisthatcreatingatimezoneontheMoonwouldmaketheseeasier．BernhardHufenbachfromESAsaidthatifaworkingtimesystemfortheMooncouldbeestablished,ESAcouldthenperhapsgoontodothesameforotherplanetsinthesolarsystem．9．WhydoesESAinsistthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezone？A．Tohelpscientistslandonthemoon．B．Tohelpastronautsoperatethespacecraft．C．Tohelpastronautstravelaroundtheworld．D．Tohelpspaceagenciescooperateworldwide．10．Whatisthechallengetoestablishalunartimezone？A．Fewerstarsinthesky．B．SlowertimeontheMoon．C．LongernightsontheMoon．D．WeakergravityontheEarth．11．WhatisBernhardHufenbach'sattitudetothefutureoftheMoon'stimezone？A．Negative． B．Doubtful．C．Supportive． D．Unclear．12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．TheoriginandfutureofthetimezoneontheMoon．B．Thenecessityandmethodsofbuildingalunartimezone．C．ThetheoryandpracticebehindthetimezoneontheMoon．D．Theimportanceanddifficultiesofcreatingalunartimezone．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。致力于探究宇宙的欧洲航天局的科学家们认为，月球也应当有自己的时区。文章主要说明白建立月球自己的时区的意义以及存在的困难。9．D细微环节理解题。依据其次段“ESA