商务英语阅读（第3册）（第二版）课件 Unit 4 Business Leardership

商务英语阅读3UNIT4BUSINESS

LEADERSHIPLearningObjectivesLearnaboutleadershiptraits.Understandexpectationeffects,placeboeffectsandself-fulfillingprophecies.UnderstandthedifficultiesfacedbyfemaleCEOsandthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleCEOsintheirleadershipstyle.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesWhyDeceptionisProbablytheSingleMostImportantLeadershipSkillTextAWarmingup1.Doyouknowanygreatcorporateleaders?Whatdidtheydothatmakesthemgreat?2.Whatcanleadersdotomotivatetheirfollowers?3.Ifyourmanagerliestoyou,whatwouldyouthinkofhim/her?WordsandExpressionsdeceptionn.theactofdeceivingsomeoneorthestateofbeingdeceivedbysomeone欺骗;受骗(CET4;CET6)Headmittedconspiringtoobtainpropertyby

deception.WordsandExpressionsawashadj.Ifaplaceis

awash

with

something,itcontainsalargeamountofit.被充满的(GRE)Thisisacompanythatisawashwithcash.WordsandExpressionscandor/candourn.thequalityofspeakinghonestlyandopenlyaboutthings坦率;直言不讳(GRE;SAT)Hecoveredawiderangeoftopicswithunusualcandor.WordsandExpressionsfictitiousadj.afictitiouscharacter,thing,oreventoccursinastory,play,orfilmbutneverreallyexistedorhappened虚构的(TOFEL;GRE;SAT)Thepersonsandeventsportrayedinthisproductionarefictitious.WordsandExpressionsspurtn.Aspurtofactivity,effort,oremotionisasudden,briefperiodofintenseactivity,effort,oremotion.迸发(GRE)Theaverageboyof14yearsoldisonlybeginninghisadolescentgrowthspurt.WordsandExpressionsbogusadj.Ifyoudescribesomethingasbogus,youmeanthatitisnotgenuine.假的，伪造的(GRE)Hesaidthesefigureswerebogusandtotallyinaccurate.WordsandExpressionsplacebon.asubstancethathasnophysicaleffects,giventopatientswhodonotneedmedicinebutthinkthattheydo,orusedwhentestingnewdrugs安慰剂，安慰药(IELTS;GRE)Doesendowmentinsurancereallymattertoeveryone?Orisitjustaplacebo?WordsandExpressionsrunn.Ifthereisarunonsomething,alotofpeoplewanttobuyitorgetitatthesametime.抢购;争先获取(CET4;CET6)Iftherunpersisted,cashreserveswouldbeexhausted.WordsandExpressionsprevaricatevt.Ifyouprevaricate,youavoidgivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecision.支吾搪塞;闪烁其词；吞吞吐吐(GRE;SAT)Britishministerscontinuedtoprevaricate.WordsandExpressionsprophecyn.astatementinwhichsomeonesaystheystronglybelievethataparticularthingwillhappen预言(GRE)Hisprophecyhasnowcometrue.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2TraditionalviewsonsomeleadershiptraitsPara.3-7ExpectationEffectsPara.8-11PlaceboEffectsPara.12-17Self-fulfillingPropheciesPara.18ConclusionNotesonTextA1.Thekumbayanatureofleadershipadviceshowsthrough.各种关于领导力的看法都具有片面性。Kumbaya，歌名，意为“到这里来吧”，该表达源于美国南部非裔美国人民谣，这首歌最初颂扬人类及精神的团结，后多用来讽刺错误的道德说教和虚伪等。NotesonTextA2.About50yearsago,aHarvardsocialpsychologistandaSanFranciscoschoolprincipalstudiedPygmalioneffectsintheclassroom.约50年前，一位哈佛大学社会心理学家和一位旧金山学校校长共同在校园里研究了“皮格马利翁效应”。Pygmalioneffects指“皮格马利翁效应”，又称罗森塔尔效应或期待效应，指人们基于对某种情境的知觉而形成的期望或预言，进而使该情境产生适应这一期望或预言的效应。NotesonTextA3.Orperhapsdoctorswanttoimprovetreatmentoutcomesbytappingintotheplaceboeffect.或许医生们想要利用安慰剂效应来提升治疗效果。placeboeffect表示“安慰剂效应”，又名假药效应，指病人虽然获得无效的治疗，但却“预料”或“相信”治疗有效，而让病患症状得到舒缓的现象。NotesonTextA4.Sometimes,asIntelco-founderandformerCEOAndyGroveoncetoldaHarvardBusinessSchoolconferenceintheSanFranciscoBayArea,thisrequiresleaderstodisplayconfidencethattheymaynotfeelandtoactasiftheyknowwhattheyaredoingeveniftheydon’t.有时，就像英特尔联合创始人兼前首席执行官AndyGrove在旧金山湾区召开的哈佛商学院会议上所说的那样，领导者们即便不自信，也要装作信心十足，即便迷茫，也要装作心中有数。Intel,英特尔公司，成立于1968年，总部位于美国加州圣克拉拉，创始人为罗伯特·诺伊斯、戈登·摩尔、安迪·格鲁夫，是全球最大的半导体芯片制造商。DiscussionWhatarethequalitiesthatmakeagoodleader?1.Iamnotafraidofanarmyoflionsledbyasheep;Iamafraidofanarmyofsheepledbyalion.–AlexandertheGreat2.Agoodleaderisapersonwhotakesalittlemorethanhisshareoftheblameandalittlelessthanhisshareofthecredit.–JohnMaxwell3.Goodleadersmustfirstbecomegoodservants.–RobertGreenleaf

InInterviews,FemaleCEOsSayTheyDon’tExpectMuchSupport—atHomeoratWorkTextBWordsandExpressionsembarkon

tostarttodosomethingnewordifficult从事，开始He’sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter.WordsandExpressionsassignmentn.ataskorpieceofworkthatsomebodyisgiventodo,usuallyaspartoftheirjoborstudies工作，任务(CET4;CET6)Hehasjustcomeoffadifficultassignment.WordsandExpressionsspilloverintotostartinoneareaandthenaffectotherareas波及

Unresthasspiltoverintoareasoutsidethecity.WordsandExpressionsconfrontv.todealwithaproblemordifficultsituation处理，解决(CET4;CET6)Shewasconfrontedwithseveremoneyproblems.WordsandExpressionstrade-offn.theactofbalancingtwothingsthatyouneedorwantbutwhichareopposedtoeachother权衡，协调Thereisatrade-offbetweenthebenefitsofthedrugandtheriskofsideeffects.WordsandExpressionsmasculineadj.havingthequalitiesorappearanceconsideredtobetypicalofmen男子汉的，男人的(CET6)Hewashandsomeandstrong,andverymasculine.WordsandExpressionsinsurmountableadj.thatcannotbedealtwithsuccessfully无法克服的，难以解决的(GRE)Thecrisisdoesn’tseemlikeaninsurmountableproblem.WordsandExpressionsfretabouttobeworriedorunhappyandnotabletorelax苦恼；烦躁；焦虑不安Urbanplannersmayfretabouttrafficandpollution.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2IntroductionofthestudyonCEOsPara.3-5OwnyourambitionPara.6-10Don’twaittobeaskedPara.11-13TakechargeofyourpersonalandprofessionallifePara.14-15Focusonthelong-termgoalPara.16-19Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyleNotesonTextB1.

Organizationscansupportthislong-termoutlookbychangingHRpolicies,supportmechanisms,andleadershipdevelopmentpracticestoallowwomenthespaceandtimetomanageraisingafamilyandcreatingwaysforwomentoremainengagedintheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheworkplace,evenwhileformallyonareducedworkloadorleave.组织可以通过改变人力资源政策、支持机制和领导力发展实践来促成这一长期远景，让女性有足够的空间和时间来照顾家庭，即便是在工作量正式减少或休假的情况下，也要想办法让她们在工作场所继续参与职业和社交生活。HR,全称Human

Resources,指人力资源部，主要负责公司员工选拔、任用、培养、考核、奖惩等工作；此外，HR也常用来指代从事人力资源相关工作的人或公司的人事招聘官。NotesonTextB2.Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyle.采用多样化的领导风格。leadershipstyle即领导风格，指组织中上级管理、引导和激励下级的方式和风格。常见的领导风格有独裁式、权威式、设节奏式、民主式、教练式、附属式和放任式等。DiscussionInLeadership:TheoryandPractice,theauthorNorthousenotesthatwomenonlymakeup8.1%ofFortune500CEOandattributedthistoglassceiling,theinvisiblebarrierpreventingwomenfromascendingintoeliteleadershippositions.1.

Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?Key

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ExercisesKey

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ExercisesTEXT

A

I.

ReadingComprehension:

1-5BDCCAII.

VocabularyA.Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichofthefourmeaningsbeloweachsentenceisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.1-5DCBDB6-10DCAADB.Choosethebestexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachblank.Useeachexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.1.ThedirectorwantsthesongsintheBroadwayversiontobeidenticaltothesongsinthefilm.2.Heattemptedtosavetheenterprisewhichwasonthevergeofcollapsebutfailed.3.Thecountryusesitsbudgetsurplusestopayoffgovernmentdebtandtofunditspublicpensionscheme.4.It’saself-fulfillingprophecytradersgetscaredsosharepricesfallbecauseofthem.Key

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Exercises5.Awaterylightbegantoshowthroughthebranches.6.EmployeeappointmenttotheCouncilwillbesubjecttoatermofprobationof6months.7.TheCampbellSoupCompanysaysitwilltrytotapintoJapan’sricemarket.8.Wealsowonderwhethertheplaceboeffectwasafactor;shewassoconvincedthedietwouldworkthatthepsychologicaldriveproducedphysicalresults.9.Frenchlawmakersvotedinfavorofa“YouTubetax”thatwouldapplya2%levyonallstreamingvideo.10.ThePygmalioneffectisifIbelieveyouhaveacertaincharacteristicthismightcauseyoutobehaveasifyouhavethatcharacteristic.Key

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ExercisesIII.Cloze(1)

against(2)

baffles(3)

characteristic(4)

while(5)

boardroom(6)

empowerment(7)

necessarily(8)

encouraging(9)

defeat(10)

becauseIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.另一方面，如果告诉一些人他们会成功，他们将投入更多的时间和精力，因为他们认为付出就有收获。2.医学界一个类似的现象是安慰剂效应，一些认为自己在接受药物或其他治疗的人会有较大的反应，因为他们认为治疗很有效。3.安慰剂效应和期待效应都是自我实现的预言的例子，自我实现的预言指起初有误的某种观点，因为促成了人们的相应行为，进而变成了正确的观点。Key

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Exercises4.以另人信服的方式展现自信的领导人能获得更多的支持，进而这种自信也从一种姿态变成了现实。因为人们认为该公司会成功并且基于这种看法行事，该公司也就真的成功了。5.正如我和BobSutton合作编写的一本书中所引用的话一样，Grove认为公司领导们应巧用欺骗为成功创造条件。“这其中有自律也有欺骗。”Key

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ExercisesV.Discussion1.Thelionisthekingofthejungleandafearlessanimalatthetopofthefoodchain.Showingstrongleadership,Lionleadersareassertive,determinedandpassionate.Theyhaveamindoftheirownandarenoteasilyinfluencedbyothers.Incontrast,sheeparemeek,timidandeasilyinfluencedinbyothers(e.g.ashepherd).Soteamswithstrongleadershiparemorelikelytosucceedthanthosewithweakleadership.Thisquoteshowstheimportanceofstrongleadership.2.Agoodleaderhasthewholepictureinmind.Theytakethemistakesandfailuresofhisfollowersastheirownandtrytoworkthemouttogetherwiththeteam.Theyattributesuccesstoteamworkandarewillingshareitwithhisfollowers.3.InTheServantasLeader,RobertGreenleafproposedtheconceptof“servantleadership”.Accordingtohim,aservant-leaderattachesgreatimportancetothegrowthandwell-beingofhis/herteam.Incontrast,atraditionalleadertendstoexercisepoweranddemandcompliancefromfollowers.Key

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ExercisesTEXT

BI.Discussion1.Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?First,thedifferencesinhumancapitalaresignificantbecausewomenhavehigherdemandswithregardtodomesticdutiesandchild-rearing.Traditionalfamilyandgenderroleshavewomendoingmostoftheraisingofachildandmostofthehouseholdchores.Womenneedtoinvestmoretimeintheircareerstoensurethatcompaniesseethebenefitofpromotingwomenintheworkforce.Second,Differencesinleadershipstylealsohelpbuildglassceilingsforwomen.Manypeoplehavepreconceivedideasofhowwomenandmenshouldlead.Workersdonotlikeawomanwhoisdominantintheworkforce.Theywouldpreferamaletobeinadominantpositionthanawoman.Womenmustbemoredemocraticthanmenandmustbelessautocratic.Key

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Exercises2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?“Oneprominentexplanationfortheleadershipgaprevolvesaroundgenderbiasesstemmingfromstereotypedexpectationsthatwomentakecareandmentakecharge”.“Genderb