（高考英语作文炼句）第57篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.维护社会秩序显然至关重要,这一责任主要落在警察身上.面对诸多威胁,很多人觉得对警察进行武装是一个保证警察自身和整个社会的安全的一个方法.Maintainingorderinsocietyisclearlyofgreatimportance,aresponsibilitythatlargely

fallsto

(1.落在……身上)thepolice.Facedwithamultitudeofthreats,manyfeelthat

armingthepolice

(2.对警察进行武装)isawayofensuringthesafetyofbothpoliceofficersandsocietyatlarge.

1-falltosb

词典释义：fallto

[transitive]

[presenttense

I/you/we/they

fallto

he/she/it

fallsto

present

participle

fallingto

pasttense

fellto

pastparticiple

fallento]

formal

phrasalverb

ifaparticularjobordutyfallstosomeone,itistheirresponsibility

falltosomeonetodosomething：

Itfelltometoexplaintohimwhathappened.

外刊例句：Germanyhasauniqueabilitytobringthecrisistoanend,anditisnotacceptingtheresponsibilitythat

fallsto

itgivenitsrole,

economicallyandpolitically,intheeurozone.

()德国有着能结束这场危机的独特能力,而考虑到它在欧元区经济上和政治上的角色,它现在还没有承担落在它身上的责任.

替换表达：fallonsomebody/liewithsomebody

学生错误表达：Reston

somebody点评：reston的含义是"依赖”,例如：Successinmanagementultimatelyrestsongoodjudgment.管理的成功最终依靠正确的判断.这里应该改为fallon/liewithsomebody

2-armthepolice

词典释义：armUK

[ɑ：m]

US

[ɑ：rm]

verb

ADVANCED

intransitive

or

transitive

■toprovide

yourselforotherswithaweaponorweapons

为…提供武器装备;武装•Nobodyknowswhois

arming

theterrorists.没有人知道谁在给这些恐怖分子提供武器装备.•[R]I

armed

myself

with

abaseball

batandwenttoinvestigatethenoise.我抄起了一根棒球棒,走过去看看是甚么发出的声响.•Theyarecurrently

arming

forwar.他们正在武装起来,为战争做准备.

外刊例句：To

fully

arm

thepolice

wouldleadtoareductioninstandardswithan

increaseinrisk.()让警察完全持械可能会降低其道德标准,带来更多危险.

替换表达：equip

学生错误表达：Armingthepolicemen点评："警察”在这里是泛指,且policemen是复数,因此应该改为armingpolicemen

Facedwithamultitudeofthreats,manyfeel

thatarmingthepoliceisawayofensuringthesafetyofbothpolice

officersandsocietyatlarge.

[分析]本句的主干是manyfeelthat…,这是一个主谓宾结构,主语是many,谓语是feel,宾语由that引导的名词性从句承担.该宾语从句的主干是armingthepoliceisaway…,这是一个主系表结构,其中,arming

thepolice作主语,表语是名词短语awayofensuringthesafetyof

bothpoliceofficersandsociety,在表语中,介词短语ofensuring

thesafetyofbothpoliceofficersandsociety作定语,修饰a

way.句首的Facedwithamultitudeofthreats是一个过去分词短语作原因状语,表明许多人产生这种想法的原因.

2.由于很多罪犯使用枪支,因此警察也应该带枪以便能够还击,这一点是合乎情理的.很多人觉得没有武装的警察在暴力罪犯面前软弱无力,几乎不可能维护法律与秩序.Sincemanycriminalsuseguns,

itmakessensethat

(1.……是合乎情理的)thepolicealsocarrygunsinordertobeableto

fightback(2.还击).Manyfeelunarmedpolicewouldbeutterlypowerless

inthefaceof

(3.在……面前)violentcriminals,makingitalmostimpossibleforthemtomaintainlawandorder.

1-itmakessensethat

词典释义：makesense

phrase

1.

tobepracticaland

sensible

Itmakessensetokeepsuchinformationon

disk.Itmadegoodsensetocontinuewiththe

reforms.2.

tobeeasytounderstand

Herargumentmakesperfectsensetome.

外刊例句：So

it

makessensethat

bothgroupsbankonachievinghigherinvestmentreturns,

leavinganyschemeshortfalltobecleareduplater.

()所以两伙人都希望能得到更高的投资回报,计划中的一切差额日后再弄清楚,这合乎情理.

替换表达：itisreasonablethat

2-fightback

词典释义：fightback23.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

奋力抵抗;反击;还击

Ifyou

fight

back

againstsomeoneorsomethingthatis

attackingorharmingyou,youresistthemactivelyorattackthem.•Theteenageattackersfledwhenthetwomenfoughtback...当那两名男子还击时,袭击他们的少年逃之夭夭.•Weshouldtakesomecomfortfromtheabilityofthe

judicialsystemto

fight

backagainstcorruption.司法制度有能力惩治腐败,这应使我们感到些许欣慰.

外刊例句：I’llabolishemploymenttribunalfeesthat

havepricedpeopleoutofjustice,especiallywomenwhohavenotbeenableto

fightback

againstunfairdismissal

forthingslikepregnancyandsexualdiscrimination.

()我将废除劳功仲裁费用,因为在此费用影响下,大众无力承担费用而难以追求公正,特别是女性,她们因此无法奋力反抗那些出于诸如怀孕和性别歧视等不公平原因的解雇.

替换表达：strikeback/returnfire/fireback

3-inthefaceof

词典释义：inthefaceof

phrasal

or

infaceof

：

inoppositionto

：

indefianceof

：

despite

<succeed

in

thefaceof

greatdifficulties>

<the

aggressionwasseen

infaceof

allevidenceasadefensivewar>

外刊例句：Heisthesecondpresidentinthespaceofa

yearwhoisfightingtostayinoffice

in

thefaceof

allegationsofwrongdoinganddismalpollratings.()他是第二位这样的总统：仅上任一年,就得面对行为不当的指控和糟糕民望,不得不竭其所能保住位置.

3.给警察配枪会使警察本身成为目标,而这种情况在没有武装的警察身上是不会出现的.如果一个持枪罪犯感觉不到警察的直接威胁,他就没有迫切的需求要开枪.然而,如果罪犯感觉到自己的生命受到威胁,他可能别无选择,只能消灭那个威胁了.Givingpolicegunsmakesthematargetinawaythatunarmedpolicewoundnotbe.Ifanarmedcriminal

perceivesnoimmediatethreat(1.感觉不到直接威胁)fromapoliceofficer,thereisno

pressingneed

(2.迫切的需求)toshoot.However,ifthecriminalfeelstheirlifeisindangertheymayhavenooptionbuttoeliminatethatthreat.

1-perceivenoimmediatethreat

词典释义：perceiveUK

[pə'si：v]

US

[pɚ-]

verb

transitive

SEE

看见

■toseesomething

orsomeone,ortonoticesomethingthatisobvious

察觉,注意到,意识到•Bill

perceived

atinyfigureinthe

distance.比尔注意到远处有个很小的身影.•I

perceived

anoteofunhappinessinher

voice.我从她的声音中察觉出一丝不快.•Perceiving

that

hewasn'thappywiththearrangements,I

triedtobookadifferenthotel.感觉到他对安排不满意,我就设法预订另一家饭店.

immediate[ɪ'mi：.di.ət]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■happeningordonewithoutdelayorverysoonafter

somethingelse

立即的,立刻的•Wemustmakean

immediate

response.我们必须立即作出反应.•Dioxinisapoisonthattakes

immediate

effect.二恶英是一种速效毒药.

ESSENTIAL

■describessomethingorsomeonethatiscloseto,orisa

causeoforaneffectof,somethingorsomeoneelse

接近的;紧接的;直接的•Therearefewfacilitiesinthe

immediate

area.在邻近地区几乎没有甚么设施.•An

immediate

result/effect

ofthewarwasa

breakdownoflawandorder.战争的直接后果／影响是法治的瘫痪.

外刊例句："Therewasnosuddenriseinradiation

becauseoftheventilationactivities,"Edanosaid,addingthatthere

was

noimmediatethreat

tohuman

health.()埃达诺说：”空气流动不会造成辐射量突然增加.”并补充道,人类的健康不会突然受到威胁.

替换表达：sense/perceivenodirect/imminentthreat

2-pressingneed

词典释义：pressing['pres.ɪŋ]

adjective

■urgentorneedingtobedealtwithimmediately

紧迫的,迫切的•a

pressing

needforhousing对住房的迫切需求•a

pressing

issue紧迫的问题•Themost

pressing

questioniswhatdowedonext?

最迫切的问题是接下来我们要做什么.

外刊例句：Analystsbelievethatthegovernment’s

pressingneed

fortaxrevenuesmeans

itmayseekacompromise.

()分析师相信,政府继续税收,这意味着,它可能会作出妥协.

替换表达：immediate/urgentneed

学生错误表达：(1)Avidneed点评：avid一般用于指人热衷于某事,例如：anavidcollectorofoldjazzrecords爵士乐旧唱片的热心收藏者/anavidreader热心的读者,它不能用来指"迫切的需要”.(2)hurriedlydemand点评：hurriedly是副词,它不可以用来修饰名词demand

However,ifthecriminalfeelstheirlifeis

indangertheymayhavenooptionbuttoeliminatethatthreat.

[分析]本句的主干是theymayhavenooption,这是一个主谓宾结构,主语是they,谓语是mayhave,宾语是nooption.其后,buttoeliminatethatthreat是介词短语作除外状语.主句之前的ifthecriminalfeelstheirlifeisindanger是if引导的条件状语从句,其中theirlifeisindanger是省略了that的名词性从句,作feels的宾语.

4.对警察进行武装还会给每个人都带来危险.每年都有不计其数的案例发生,在这些案例中总有无辜的人在涉及警察的枪战中被流弹打死.Armingpolicealsocreatesadangerforeverybody.Therearecountlesscaseseveryyearof

innocent

(1.无辜的)peoplebeingkilledby

straybullets

(2.流弹)ingunbattlesinvolvingthepolice.

1-innocent

词典释义：innocent['ɪn.ə.sənt]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■(ofaperson)notguiltyofaparticularcrime,orhaving

noknowledgeoftheunpleasantandevilthingsinlife,or(ofathing)not

intendedtoharmanyone

(人)无罪的,天真的,无辜的;(事物)无恶意的

•Hefirmlybelievesthatsheis

innocent

of

thecrime.他坚信她是清白的.•Shehassuchan

innocent

facethatIfindithard

tobelieveanythingbadofher.她一脸天真无邪,我很难把她往坏的方面想.•Itwasan

innocent

remark,Ididn'tmeantohurt

hisfeelings.那句话没有恶意,我并不想伤害他的感情.Compareguilty

ADVANCED

■Aninnocentpersonissomeonewhoisnotinvolvedwith

anymilitarygrouporwar

无辜(受害)的•Several

innocent

bystanders

were