（高考英语作文炼句）第50篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.保护古迹、古建筑和其他具有文化意义的物品,人们很少会争论这些行动的价值,所以如果很多人允许让满载文化意义的事物,比如一门语言,逐渐消亡,这就会显得很奇怪了.Peoplerarely

disputethevalueof(1.争论……的价值)preservingancientrelics,oldbuildingsandotheritemsofculturalsignificance(2.具有文化意义),soitseemsoddthat(3.……显得很奇怪)somethingsobrimmingwithculturelikealanguageisallowedbymanytofadeaway(4.逐渐消亡).

1-disputethevalueof

词典释义：disputeverb

intransitive

or

transitive

/dɪˈspjuːt/

ADVANCED

■todisagreewithsomethingthatsomeonesays

(对…)有异议;不同意,否认;争论•Fewwould

dispute

hisstatusasthefinestartistoftheperiod.他是那个时期最好的艺术家,很少有人对此存有异议.•Thecircumstancesofherdeathhavebeen

hotly

disputed.她的死引起了激烈的争论.•[+(that)]Idon't

dispute

(that)

Lucas'filmsareentertaining,buttheyhaven'tgotmuchdepth.我并不否认卢卡斯的电影具有娱乐价值,但这些电影都没有甚么深度.

外刊例句：Few

disputethevalueof

nurseryschools–theyprovidehigh-qualityearlyeducation,promoteinclusionandimprovelong-termoutcomesforchildren,particularlythosefromchallengingbackgrounds.

()没有什么人会对幼儿园的价值提出争论,幼儿园可以提供高质量的幼儿教育,让小朋友更好地融入集体,给他们带来更多长期影响,尤其是对那些来自贫苦家庭的小朋友而言.

替换表达：doubtthevalueof

2-ofculturalsignificance

词典释义：significance

[sɪg'nɪf.ɪ.kənts]

noun

uncountable

IMPORTANCE

重要性

IMPROVER

■importance

重要性,重要意义

•Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis

of

great

significance

for/to

peoplesufferingfromheartproblems.这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说具有重要意义.

外刊例句：JudyGarland’s1939musicaltopsacademic

study’slistoffilms

ofcultural

significance,withStarWarsinsecondandPsychointhird.

()在关于最具文化影响力的电影的学术榜单上,朱迪·嘉兰德于1937年拍摄的音乐片登顶,紧随其后的是《星球大战》和《惊魂记》.

替换表达：beculturallysignificant

学生错误表达：With/bearculturalmeaning点评：culturalmeaning是中式表达,这里应该改为ofculturalsignificance

3-itseemsoddthat...

词典释义：oddUK

[ɒd]

US

[ɑ：d]

adjective

STRANGE

奇怪的

IMPROVER

■strangeorunexpected

奇怪的,古怪的;异常的;出人意料的

•Herfatherwasan

odd

man.她父亲是个古怪的人.•Whatan

odd

thingtosay.说起来多古怪的一件事啊.•Theskirtandjacketlookedabit

odd

together.这裙子和夹克搭配看上去有点怪.•That's

odd

(=surprising)-I'msureIputmykeys

inthisdrawerandyetthey'renothere.真奇怪——我肯定把锁匙放进这个抽屉了,可是却不见了.•It

's

odd

that

no-one'sseenhim.奇怪的是没人见过他.•It

mustbe

odd

to

liveonthe43rdfloor.住在43层一定很怪异.

外刊例句：So

itseemsoddthat

MrObamacontinuestodelayitsimplementation.

()因此,奥巴马再三推迟落实其政策,就显得很奇怪了.

学生错误表达：Itwillseemoddthat点评：这里应该使用一般现在时,表示一种常态,句子应该改为itseemsoddthat

4-fadeaway

词典释义：fadeaway[intransitive]

[presenttense

I/you/we/they

fadeaway

he/she/it

fadesaway

present

participle

fadingaway

pasttense

fadedaway

pastparticiple

fadedaway]

phrasalverb

1.

todisappearslowly

Herfootstepsfadedawaydownthestaircase.

2.

Same

as：

fade

2

Mostofthesefashionsjustfadeawayand

areforgotten.

3.

Same

as：

fade

4

Ifyoudon’t

starteatingproperlyyou’regoing

tofadeaway.

外刊例句：It'sbettertoburnoutthan

fadeaway.KurtCobainclearly

thoughtso,quotingthisfamousNeilYounglyricinhissuicidenote,but

thenheobviouslywasn'treferringtotheissueofgreenhouse-gasemissions

whenitcomestothesomewhatthornycremationvburialdebate.

()焚烧成灰远比缓慢消失好.科特·克贝显然是这样想得,因为他引用了著名诗人尼尔·杨在其自杀绝句上的诗句.不过他显然不是指解决温室效应气体中的棘手讨论：焚烧与填埋之争.

替换表达：disappear/vanish/dieout

学生错误表达：Graduallyfadeaway点评：fadeaway本身已经包含有"逐渐”的含义,这里gradually要去掉.

2.在一个日渐全球化的世界,小语种的消亡在很大程度上是难以避免的,虽然这可能会令人难过,但实质上这是进步的一种体现.Inanincreasinglyglobalisedworldthelossof

minoritylanguages

(1.小语种)islargelyinevitable,andalthoughitmaybesad,intruthitis

aformofprogress(2.进步的一种体现).

1-minoritylanguages

词典释义：minoritya.agroupofpeopleofadifferentrace,

religionetcfrommostotherpeopleinthatcountry少数民族;少数派;少数群体：•Peoplefromethnicminoritiesoftenface

prejudice.少数民族的人时常要面对偏见.•theverylargeRussianminoritiesinUkraine

andMoldova在乌克兰和摩尔多瓦的大量俄罗斯少数民族居民•childrenfromminoritygroups来自少数族裔的儿童•theteachingof

minoritylanguages

inschools学校里少数民族语言的教学

外刊例句：ThetechnologicalinfrastructurethatnowdominatesourworkingandprivatelivesisoverwhelminglyinEnglish,whichmeans

minoritylanguages

areunder

threatmorethanever.

()我们现在日常生活和工作中遇到的许多技术设备都是配以英文说明,这意味着小语种面临着比以往更大的威胁.

学生错误表达：Small/minorlanguages点评：没有small/minorlanguages这两种表达,"小语种”应该使用固定说法minoritylanguages

2-aformofprogress

词典释义：form

●●●●●1.N-COUNT

可数名词

类型;类别;种类

A

form

of

somethingisatypeorkindofit.•Hecontractedarare

form

of

cancer...他得了一种罕见的癌症.•Doctorsarewillingtotakesome

form

ofindustrialaction...医生们愿意采取某种形式的劳工行动.

•Iamagainsthuntinginany

form.我反对任何形式的狩猎.2.N-COUNT

可数名词

(存在的)形态,形式

Whensomethingcanexistor

happeninseveralpossibleways,youcanuse

form

torefertoone

particularwayinwhichitexistsorhappens.•Valleysoftentakethe

form

of

deepcanyons...山谷经常以深峡谷的形态存在.•Theyreceivedabenefitinthe

form

of

ataxreduction...他们获得了减税优惠.•Initspresent

form,

thelawcouldleadtonewinjustices.以其目前的形式而言,这项法规可能会带来新的不公.

外刊例句：Theenmityandbarbaritylooklikeapathto

theabyss—butthesmartphoneclipsthathelptorelaythemare

aformofprogress

aswellasa

mediumofhorror.()仇恨与恶行就像是通往深渊的道路,而那些传递着它们的智能手机既是一种进步的体现,也是一种制造恐怖的手段.

替换表达：beanimprovement(inoneway)

3.独特的文化习俗在全球各地正变得过时以及正在被抛弃,但游客带来的金钱却可以成为延续其中一些习俗的强大动力.Allaroundtheworld

uniqueculturalpractices

(1.独特的文化习俗)arebecomingoutdatedandbeingabandonedbutthemoneytouristsbringcanbeapowerfulincentiveto

keepsomeofthesepracticesalive(2.延续其中一些习俗).

1-uniqueculturalpractices

词典释义：

practice['præk.tɪs]

noun

REGULARACTIVITY

惯常的行为

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■somethingthatis

usuallyorregularlydone,oftenasahabit,traditionorcustom

惯常做法,惯例;习俗•WhatcanEuropeancompanieslearnfromJapanesebusiness

practices?

欧洲公司能从日本工商业的做法中学到些甚么呢?•It's

common

practice

intheStatestotipthehairdresser.在美国通常要给理发师小费.•Thisisacruel

practice

whichshouldbebannedimmediately.这是个残忍的习俗,应该立即禁止.•Whatis

standard

practice

(=Whatisusuallydone)inasituationlikethis?

在这种情况下通常如何处理?•Newspapereditorshaveagreedanew

codeof

practice

ontheinvasionofprivacy.报社编辑们已同意在侵犯隐私的问题上采取新的行为准则.

外刊例句：In

themselves,fightsover

cultural

practices

andsymbolsarenothingnewinCanada.()就其本身而言,文化习俗和象征的争斗在加拿大并不罕见.

替换表达：distinctiveculturalconventions/practices/customs

2-keepsomeofthesepracticesalive

词典释义：

ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词继续存在的;在起作用的Ifanactivity,organization,or

situationis

alive,itcontinues

toexistorfunction.

【搭配模式】：v-linkADJThebigfactoriesaretryingtostayalivebycuttingcosts.大型工厂正试图通过削减成本以维持生存.Bothcommunitieshaveatraditionofkeepinghistoryalive.两个团体都有延续历史的传统.

外刊例句：Thenightwearrive,overamoreish"pudding”

ofpotatoesandsourcream,Violeta,anEnglishteacher,tellsmethisis

theirwayofhelping

keep

traditions

alive.()那晚我们到达时,(大家)都在吃着由土豆和酸奶油制成的美味布丁,一位英语老师比奥来塔告诉我,这是他们用来保存传统的方式.

替换表达：maintain/preservesomeofthesepractices

学生错误表达：(1)perpetuate

someofthesecustoms点评：用词不当,perpetuate一般指"让不好的事情延续”(tomakeasituation,attitudeetc.,especiallyabadone,continue

toexistforalongtime),例如：aneducationsystemthat

perpetuates

thedivisionsinour

society使我们的社会持续分化的一种教育制度,单词用在这里不妥.(2)passonsomecustoms点评：passon是指"将……传给……”,例如：ThelateEarlpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohisdaughter.已故伯爵将他的大部分财产传给了女儿.这里改为keepsomeofthesecustomsalive会更加恰当.4.文化旅游有助于延续某些本来会消失或面临衰退的文化习俗.但是,如果管理不当,文化旅游会使文化习俗脱离当地人的生活,并将这些习俗变成仅仅用于赚钱的俗气的机器.Culturaltourismcanhelptokeepcertainculturalpracticesalivethat

wouldotherwisehave

(1.本来会)disappearedorfaceddecline.However,ifmanagedpoorly,tourismcan

removecustomsfrom

(2.使文化习俗脱离……)thelivesoflocalsandturntheminto

littlemorethan

(3.仅仅)atackymoney-makingmachine(4.俗气的赚钱机器).

1-wouldotherwisehavedone对于otherwise位于句首的形式"Otherwise,...”我们比较熟悉,而对它作为副词放在句中,(1)使用虚拟语气"would/could/might/should+do/havedone”的用法,(2)"otherwise+adj+n”的用法,《英语常用词疑难用法手册》讲的很清楚：

■otherwise这个副词除了一般词典所指出的"采取别样”与"否则”的意义外,有时候还表示"如果不是采取当前采取的新做法(或者不发生当前的新情况)就会如何”,也就是"保持原先的状态或做法就会如何”,简化来说,就是相当于中文的"本来会如何”.【例如】Inafight,theotherwisefriendlyneighbor

poundshisheadwithabrick.

在打斗中,本来很友好的邻居竟然拿砖头打了他的脑袋.Thedrugwouldsaveatleastsomebabiesand

mothersfromtheirotherwiseterriblefate.

该药物将起码能够拯救一些婴儿和母亲摆脱他们那种本来很可怕的命运.Takedepression.Itatleastdoublesan

otherwisehealthyperson'sheart-attackrisk...(Newsweek,Oct.2,2005,p.

51)

就拿忧郁症来说,它起码使得一个本来很健康的人心脏病发作的风险提高一倍…

Thenewmedicinesavedmefromanillness

which

mightotherwisehavebeen

hopeless.

新的药物治好了我的一场本来会毫无希望治好的病andevenotherwisesupportivescientists

arguedthattheresearchersshouldnothavegonepublicuntiltheyhadtruly

nailedmedicalcloning'sultimateprize：geneticallycustomizedreplacement

cells.(USNews&WorldReport,December10,2001,p.56)

…甚至本来采取支持态度的科学家也声称,研究者一定要等到他们真正拿到医学克隆的最终大奖,即基因单个复制的替换细胞,才可以公布研究成果.Itistruetherewasthatlittleincidentin

ParisattheendofhistriptoFrancewhichtooksomeoftheshineoffan

otherwisesuccessfulvisit.

的确,他的法国之行,尾声时在巴黎出了一件小事故,使得这次本来很成功的访问有所逊色.Theyexerciseadisproportionateinfluenceon

ourpolicy,forcingournationalleaderstogiveuncompromisingattentionto

somethingthat

wouldotherwiseaffect

uslittle.(TheDailyGazette,Aug.2,2006)

他们对我们的政策起着大得离奇的影响,迫使我们的全国性领导人对一些本来同我们没多大关系的事情纠缠不休.Thetropicalenvironmentseemedtobea

parasiticpowerthatbyitsowndemandingnatureseemedcapableofsappingan

otherwisehealthyperson'sstrength.热带的环境,像是一股寄生虫似的势力,它固有的苛刻性质,好像在破坏着一个本来健康的人的体力.

词典释义：otherwise

UK

[ˈʌðə(r)ˌwaɪz]

US

[ˈʌðərˌwaɪz]

adverb

★★★

Summary

Otherwise

canbeusedinthefollowingways：asawayofshowinghowasentenceorclauseisrelatedtowhathasalreadybeensaid：

Wemust

hurry;otherwisewe’llmissthe

train.

asanordinaryadverb：

You’reinlovewithRobert.Itdoesnogoodtopretend

otherwise.

1.

ifnot

1a.

usedfor

sayingthatifonethingdoesnothappenorisnottrue,somethingelsewill

happen,usuallysomethingbad

Ihopetheweatherimproves.Otherwise,we’llhavetocancelthepicnic.

Theprogrammehassavedthousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.

外刊例句：Theyfindthatbilateraltradebetweenmembercountrieswasawhopping213%higherin2011thanit

wouldotherwisehavebeen.

()他们发现,成员国的双边贸易量在2011年比预期高了足足213%.

学生错误表达：Shouldbe

perished点评：shouldbeperished是"应该会消失”,与句子原意不符,这里应该改为wouldotherwisehaveperished

2-removecustomsfrom

词典释义：remove[rɪ'mu：v]

verb

transitive

TAKEAWAY

拿走

ESSENTIAL

■totakesomethingorsomeoneawayfromsomewhere,oroffsomething

移开;拿开;去掉;除去;调动•Themencameto

removetherubbishfromthebackyard.这些人来清除后院的垃圾.•Thisdetergentwill

remove

evenoldstains.这种洗涤剂就连以前的顽渍也能除去.•Itgotsohotthatheremoved

histieandjacket.天气太热了,他解下领带,脱掉外套.•Theydecidedto

removetheirsonfromtheschool.他们决定把儿子从那间学校转走.

custom['kʌs.təm]

noun

TRADITION

传统

IMPROVER

countable

or

uncountable

■awayofbehavingorabeliefwhichhasbeenestablishedforalongtime

风俗,习俗;传统•alocal/ancientcustom当地的／古老的风俗•[+

to

infinitive]Inmycountry,it'sthecustom(forwomen)togetmarriedinwhite.在我国,女子结婚穿白衣是一种习俗.

外刊例句：Ingolfitcan

remove

traditional

restraintsagainstgamesmanshipandtheinfringementofrules.()这在高尔夫运动里,可以去除其不利于会员制的传统限制,以及让其规则更灵活.

替换表达：breakcustomsawayfrom

3-littlemorethan

词典释义：No/nothing/little/morethan

phrase

usedforemphasizingthatsomeoneorsomethingisnotatallimportantor

impressive

Theancientcanalisnowlittlemorethanamuddyditch.

Thegovernortreatedourprotestsasnothingmorethanaminornuisance.

外刊例句：Worryingly,

bigbanksareindangerofturninginto

littlemorethan

hedgefunds.()大银行正面临危险,可能要沦落成区区对冲基金,实在令人担忧.

4-atackymoney-makingmachine

词典释义：tacky

●○○○○1.ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

做工粗糙的;劣质的;俗气的

Ifyoudescribesomethingas

tacky,youdislikeitbecauseitischeapandbadlymadeorvulgar.•...awomaninafakeleopard-skincoatandtackyredsunglasses...身穿假豹皮大衣、戴着俗气的大红色太阳镜的女人

•Th