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PAGEPAGE11.出于对环境的考虑,那个在未开发地区开采油气资源的倡议被驳回了.The

initiative

(1.提议)toexploitoilandgasresourcesin

untouchedareas(2.未开发地区)hasbeenrejected

outofconsiderationfor

(3.出于对……的考虑)theenvironment.

1-initiative

词典释义:initiative

●●●○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

积极的行动;倡议

An

initiative

isan

importantactorstatementthatisintendedtosolveaproblem.

【搭配模式】:usuwithsupp•Government

initiativestohelpyoungpeoplehavebeeninadequate...政府在积极帮助年轻人方面做得还不够.•There'stalkofanewpeace

initiative.传闻有可能提出新的和平倡议.

外刊例句:Instead,thestateSupremeCourtallowedtheoriginal

proponentsofthe

initiative

to

arguetheircaseinfederalappealscourt.

()相反,最高法院允许该倡议原来的支持者在联邦上诉法庭作辩护.

替换表达:proposal

2-untouchedareas

词典释义:untouched[ʌn'tʌtʃt]

adjective

■notchangedorspoiltinanyway

未改变的;原封未动的;未受破坏的•Mostoftheeastcoastremainsmercifully

untouched

bytourism.幸运的是,东海岸的大部分地区还没受到旅游业的侵扰.

外刊例句:Lastweekend,whenHodgmanflewintotheareaviaseaplane

toopenthehotel,heusedtheoccasiontoannounceadraftmanagementplan

allowingnewtourismventuresinpreviously

untouchedareas

ofTasmania’sworldheritagearea.

()霍奇曼于上周坐水上飞机到该地参加酒店开幕典礼,并趁机宣布了一份管理计划草案,该计划将允许游客进入到塔斯马尼亚世界遗迹的尚未开发地区进行探险.

替换表达:undeveloped/untamedarea/land

学生错误表达:(1)

Intactareas点评:intact是指"完整的,未受损伤的”,例如:Thechurchwasdestroyedinthebombingbutthealtarsurvived

intact.教堂在轰炸中被毁,但神坛却完好无损.Intact不可以用来指土地尚未开发.(2)

Untappedland点评:untapped一般指资源、市场或天赋等未开发的,未利用的,例如:Olderpeopleareanuntappedresourceintheemploymentmarket.大龄人员是就业市场中未利用的资源.Untapped也不可以用来指土地尚未开发.

3-outofconsiderationfor

词典释义:outofpreposition

BECAUSEOF

因为

ADVANCED

■usedtoshowthe

reasonwhysomeonedoessomething

出于,因为

•Itookthejoboutof

necessity

becausewehadno

moneyleft.我不得已接受了这份工作,因为我们没钱了.•Youmightliketocomeandseewhatwe'redoingoutof

interest

(=becauseIthinkyoumightbeinterested).你也许有兴趣来看看我们在做甚么.

consideration

[kənˌsɪd.ə'reɪ.ʃən]

noun

CAREFUL

THINKING

仔细考虑

IMPROVER

uncountable

■whenyouthinkaboutsomethingcarefully

考虑,斟酌•Aftersome

consideration,we'vedecidedtosellthe

house.一番斟酌之后,我们决定卖掉房子.•Thewholematterneeds(tobegiven)

careful

consideration.整件事需要仔细考虑.

外刊例句:"Thereprobablyisegoinvolved,butit'sthemessage

that'simportant.He'stakenhistimegettingbackin,

outofconsiderationfor

Dennis,"saysPat,somewhat

hopefully.

()帕特略带希望地说:"自尊心可能有所关联,但其传递的信息才是最重要的,他替丹尼斯着想,并重新回归.”

替换表达:consideringsomething/onenvironmentgrounds/forthesakeof

Q:请问...的倡议是说theinitiativeto还是initiativeof?还是两个都可以?遇到这样的情况不知介词of和to是否有区别.A:这里需要用theinitiativeto,关于介词的使用,可以查询词典中单词对应的词条.例如对于initiative这个单词,我们在朗文词典中看到:agovernment

initiativeto

helpexporters扶助出口商的政府计划说明应该用to,查询到另外一条例句:Weshouldwelcome

theinitiativeof

theAdvisoryBoard

fortheResearchCouncilinlookingatquantitativemeasuresofresearch

output.说明不能用of,因为the

initiativeofsomebody/something是指"某人/某事提出的倡议”.

Q:untouched[notbeforenoun]aplacethatisuntouched

hasnotbeenaffectedbyhumanactivity:Therearefewforestedareasofthe

worldthatremainuntouchedbyhumans.查词典,其并不能用于名词前,为什么译文还用untouchedareas这一表达?A:untouchedareas是一个固定说法,可以参考柯林斯词典的解释:

3.ADJ

形容词世外桃源般的;不染尘嚣的;天然质朴的An

untouched

areaorplaceisthoughttobebeautiful

becauseitisstillinitsoriginalstateandhasnotbeenchangedordamaged

inanyway.2.政府通过宣布偷猎非法,限制土地开发以及设立野生动物保护区的方式来保护濒危物种.

Thegovernmentprotects

endangeredspecies(1.濒危物种)by

outlawing

(2.宣布……为非法)poaching(3.偷猎),restrictinglanddevelopmentandcreating

wildlifepreserves(4.野生动物保护区).

1-endangeredspecies

词典释义:endangered

UK

[ɪn'deɪn.dʒəd]

US

[-dʒɚd]

adjective

endangeredbirds/plants/species

■animalsorplantswhichmaysoonnotexistbecausethere

areveryfewnowalive

濒危鸟类/植物/物种

外刊例句:All

haveonethingincommon:adesiretosave

endangeredspecies

fromextinction.()我们都有一个目标:拯救濒危动物.

学生错误表达:(1)

Endangered

animals点评:endangered

animals仅仅指"濒危动物”,而"濒危物种”不仅指动物,还有植物,这里应该改为endangered

species

2-outlaw

词典释义:outlaw

●●○○○1.VERB

动词

宣布…为非法;使成为非法

Whensomething

isoutlawed,it

ismadeillegal.

【语法信息】:beV-ed

【语法信息】:Vn

【语法信息】:V-ed•In1975gamblingwas

outlawed...1975年赌博被宣布为非法.

•TheGermangovernmenthas

outlawed

somefascistgroups.德国政府已经宣布一些法西斯团体为非法.

•...the

outlawedpoliticalparties.被宣布为非法的政党

外刊例句:Thegovernmentshould

outlaw

brandedcigarettepackstodiscouragesmoking,researchfinds,assmokers

trainthemselvesnottoseehealthwarnings.()政府该禁止香烟商标来减少市民吸烟,因为据研究显示,烟民会训练自己不去看那些包装上的健康警告.

替换表达:make…illegal/illegalize

3-poaching

词典释义:poachUK

[pəʊtʃ]

US

[poʊtʃ]

verb

TAKE

拿走

intransitive

or

transitive

■tocatchandkill

animalswithoutpermissiononsomeoneelse'sland

(侵入他人地界)偷猎,偷捕;盗猎•Thefarmerclaimedthatheshotthemenbecausetheywere

poaching

onhisland.农场主人声称他开枪射杀那些人是因为他们侵入他的地界偷猎.

外刊例句:His

governmenthasmadesomepubliceffortstofight

poaching

overthepastyear.()他治理下的政府在去年已尽力打击偷猎现象,这是公众有目共睹的.

4-wildlifepreserves

词典释义:wildlife

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

野生动物;野生物种

Youcanuse

wildlife

torefertotheanimalsandotherlivingthingsthatliveinthe

wild.•Peoplewereconcernedthatpetsor

wildlife

couldbeaffectedbythepesticides.人们担心宠物或野生动物可能受到杀虫剂影响.

preserve6.N-COUNT

可数名词

保护区

Anature

preserve

isan

areaoflandorwaterwhereanimalsareprotectedfromhunters.

【搭配模式】:ususuppN

【语域标签】:AM美•...Pantanal,oneoftheworld'sgreatwildlife

preserves.潘塔纳尔,世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一

外刊例句:Rodriguessaidmoreanimalfencingwasneededat

wildlifepreserves

tocombatpoaching

andtheescapeofanimalsfromtheirnaturalhabitatafterbeingfrightened

bygunfire.

()罗德里格斯说,野生保护区还需要更多动物围栏来抗击偷猎,以及防止动物因为枪声受惊而逃离自然栖息地.

替换表达:wildlifereserves

3.许多人强烈要求住宅区附近的高污染工厂要么搬离要么关停.

Manypeople

demand

(1.强烈要求)that

highpolluting

(2.高污染的)factoriesnear

residentialareas

(3.住宅区)shouldeithermoveawayor

shutdown(4.关停).

1-demand注意demand之后的宾语从句,需要用虚拟语气"(should)do”的形式.

词典释义:demandUK

[dɪ'mɑ:nd]

US

[-'mænd]

verb

transitive

REQUEST

要求

ESSENTIAL

■toaskforsomethingforcefully,inawaythatshowsthat

youdonotexpecttoberefused

坚决请求,强烈要求;强要

•I

demanded

anexplanation.我要求给我一个解释.•Thecarworkers'unionis

demanding

a7%payrise

thisyear.汽车工会要求今年加薪7%.•Hehasalways

demanded

thehigheststandardsof

behaviour

from

hischildren.他总是以最高的行为准则来要求自己的孩子.•[+speech]"Andwheredoyouthinkyou're

going?"

demanded

thepoliceofficer."你觉得自己在往哪里去?”员警问道.•[+

to

infinitive]I

demand

to

seethe

manager.我要求见经理.•[+

that]She

demanded

that

hereturn

thebooksheborrowedfromher.她要求他把从她那里借走的书还回来.

外刊例句:Thousandsofpeopleprotestonlineagainstthefestivaland

demand

thatdogmeatbemade

illegal.

()数千人在网上抗议此节日,并呼吁制定法律禁止吃狗肉.

替换表达:require/callfor

2-highpolluting

词典释义:pollutingAdjective[\o"Editsection:Adjective"edit]polluting

(\o"Appendix:Glossary"comparative

\o"more"more

polluting,

\o"Appendix:Glossary"superlative

\o"most"most

polluting)Adaptedortendingto

\o"pollute"pollute;causing

\o"defilement"defilement

or

\o"pollution"pollution.

外刊例句:Driversof

high-polluting

carsalreadyfacea£25congestionchargeinLondonifKenLivingstoneis

re-electedasMayor,whilesomeLondonboroughsareintroducingmoreexpensive

residents'parkingpermitsforBandGcars-movesthatarelikelytospread

nationwide.

()若肯·利文斯顿再度当选市长,伦敦的高污染汽车司机将面临25英镑的交通堵塞罚款,而某些伦敦自治区正引进更多高昂的市民停车位给B和G汽车使用——此举措似像向全国铺开.

替换表达:causingseriouspollution

学生错误表达:(1)polluted点评:polluted含义是"受污染的”,例如:Theproject'saimistocleanuppollutedland.该项目的目标是整治受污染的土地.Polluted不能用来指某事物具有污染性.

3-residentialareas

词典释义:residential

[ˌrez.ɪ'den.tʃəl]

adjective

IMPROVER

■Aresidentialroad,area,etc.hasonlyprivatehouses,

notofficesandfactories.

居民区的

■Aresidentialjob,position,course,etc.isonefor

whichyouliveatthesameplacewhereyouworkorstudy.

(为工作或学习而)在某处居住的,寄宿的,住宿在任所的

外刊例句:Hecalculatesthatonly16%ofthelandinnew

residentialareas

developedsince

1990hasbeensetasideforroads—abouthalfasmuchasplannersthink

necessary.()在他的计算里,仅16%在90年代以来开发的新居民住房用地已经为修路让道——而计划者认为约一半用地需要为修路让道.

学生错误表达:(1)

uptown点评:uptown是一个副词或形容词,含义是"往城镇的非商业区的”,例如:HerodeuptownandmadehiswaytoBob'sapartment.他乘车前往城外鲍勃的公寓.Uptown用在此处不合适.(2)

accommodation

areas点评:没有accommodation

areas的说法,这里应该改为residentialareas

4-shutdown

词典释义:shutdown1.PHRASAL

VERB-ERG

See

also:

shutdown;

(使)(工厂、公司等)关闭,歇业,停业

Ifafactoryorbusiness

shutsdown

orifsomeone

shuts

it

down,workthere

stopsoritnolongertradesasabusiness.

【语法信息】:VP

【语法信息】:VPn(notpron)

【语法信息】:VnP•Smallercontractorshadbeenforcedto

shutdown...规模较小的承包商已被迫歇业.•Itisrequiredbylawto

shutdown

bankswhichitregardsaschronicallyshortofcapital...法律规定资金长期短缺的银行必须关闭.•MrBuzettasoldthenewspaper'sassetstoitscompetitor

andshutitdown.布兹塔先生将报社资产卖给了竞争对手然后关门了事.

外刊例句:ABritishresearchstationonaniceshelfinAntarcticais

being

shutdown

overthesouthern

hemispherewinterbecauseoffearsitcouldfloatoffonaniceberg.()一个位于在南极冰块上的英国研究所将在南半球冬季期间关闭,因为害怕其会漂浮到冰床上.

替换表达:closedown

Q:如何辨析"demand”和"require”的用法?A:当两者都是动词时,demand和require都有"要求”的意思,但demand表达的语气更加强烈,有"强烈要求”的含义.

4.政府能够采取各种各样的措施来阻止或者至少减缓气候变化.政府可以出台法律去限制造成全球变暖的二氧化碳排放.他们可以对司机、航空公司和其他污染者征收环保税.Therearevariousmeasuresthatgovernmentsandindividualscouldtaketoprevent,oratleast

mitigate(1.减缓),climatechange.Governmentscould

introducelaws(2.出台法律)tolimitthecarbondioxideemissionsthatleadtoglobalwarming.Theycould

imposegreentaxeson

(3.对……征收环保税)drivers,airlinecompaniesandotherpolluters.

1-mitigate

词典释义:mitigateUK

['mɪt.ɪ.geɪt]

US

['mɪtˌ-]

formal

verb

transitive

■tomakesomethinglessharmful,unpleasantorbad

使缓和;减轻(危害等)•Itisunclearhowto

mitigate

theeffects

of

tourismontheisland.人们还不清楚如何减低旅游业对这个岛屿的影响.

外刊例句:Sinceclimatechangewasidentifiedasaseriousthreatto

theplanet,Europehasbeeninthevanguardoftheeffortto

mitigate

it.

()欧盟自气候变化已经证实为地球的严重威胁以来,一直走在减缓其影响的前沿.

替换表达:lessen/soften

2-introducelaws

词典释义:introduce

●●●●○1.VERB

动词

引进;首次引入;推行

To

introduce

somethingmeanstocauseittoenteraplaceorexistinasystem

forthefirsttime.

【语法信息】:Vn

【语法信息】:Vninto/ton

【语法信息】:beV-edinto/ton•TheGovernmenthas

introduced

anumberofothermoney-savingmoves...政府已经采取了其他一些省钱的举措.

•Ikeptthebirdsindoorsallwinterand

introducedthemintoanaviarythefollowingJune...整个冬天我把鸟关在室内,然后在接下来的6月份把它们放入鸟类饲养场饲养.•Theword'Pagoda'was

introduced

toEuropebythe17thcenturyPortuguese.Pagoda

这个词由17世纪的葡萄牙人引入欧洲.

外刊例句:Bycontrast,theEuropeanCommission’scyber-security

strategyisatanearlierstage.Itwantsmembercountriesto

introducelaws

compellingimportant

firmsinindustriessuchastransport,telecoms,financeandonline

infrastructure

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