（高考英语作文炼句）第23篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.自古以来,太空旅行的想法就一直引起人们的想象.在20世纪50年代和60年代,太空旅行最终成为现实,并且发展极其迅速.Sinceancienttimes

(1.自古以来)theconceptofspacetravelhas

capturedpeople'simagination(2.引起人们的想象).Duringthe1950sand60sspacetravelfinallybecamearealityandprogresswasmade

atbreakneckpace(3.极其迅速).

1-Sinceancienttimes词典释义：time37.

PERIODINHISTORY

历史阶段,C

also

timespl.aparticularperiodinhistory〔历史上的〕时代,时期：•Mankindhasused

thehorse

sinceancienttimes

.人类从古时候起就开始使用马匹了.•Inearliertimes,

servantswouldusethebarewoodenstairsatthebackofthehouse.过去,仆人只能走房子后面光光的木楼梯.at/in/duringetcthetimeofsth•Helivedatthe

timeoftheNapoleonicwars.他生活在拿破仑战争时期.ourtime(s)(=thepresentperiodinhistory)我们的时代,当代•Airpollutionhasbecome

oneofthemostsignificanthealthproblemsofourtime.空气污染成了我们这个时代最重大的健康问题.

外刊例句：Sinceancienttimes,medicshave

reliedontheirsenseofsmelltohelpthemworkoutwhatiswrongwiththeir

patients.

()医生自古以来一直依靠嗅觉来辅助他们诊治病人.

替换表达：from/sincetimeimmemorial,

sinceantiquity

学生错误表达：(1)

Sinceancient

time点评：ancienttimes是一个固定说法,不能写成ancienttime2-capturepeople'simagination

词典释义：captureUK

['kæp.tʃər]

US

[-tʃɚ]

verb

transitive

INTEREST

关注

■Ifsomethingcapturesyourimaginationorattention,youfeelveryinterestedandexcitedbyit

唤起(想像);引起(关注)•TheAmericandrivetolandamanontheMooncapturedtheimagination/attention

ofthewholeworld.美国的载人登月行动引起了全世界的遐想／关注.

外刊例句：

"Brands

willneedtocommunicateinamoresophisticated,strategicwayto

capturepeople’simagination,”says

Liddell."Thisstartswithknowingwhennottosharegoodworkthatpeople

expectyoutobedoinganyway,andbeingmorerigorousaboutcommunicating

thethingsthatreallyaddvalue.”()利德尔说："品牌要想使顾客对其着迷,就得以更精细和富有策略的方式来传达其品牌信息.这首先得明白什么时候不去宣扬那些大众认为你理所当然该做的事情,并且在传递一些真正富有意义的东西时要更加缜密.”

替换表达：fire/stimulatepeople’simagination

学生错误表达：(1)

causepeople

toimagine点评：causepeopleto

imagine含义是"导致人们去想象”,意思表达不准确.(2)

acauseof

imagination点评：表达不准确,causeof

something一般指"造成……的原因”,例如：It'sourjobtoestablish

thecauseofthefire.找出起火原因是我们的责任.Causeof不能与imagination搭配.

3-atbreakneckpace这个词组现在已经中性,而不是仅仅用于贬义.

词典释义：breakneck1.ADJ

形容词

(速度)极快的

Ifyousaythatsomethinghappensortravels

at

breakneck

speed,youmeanthatithappensortravelsveryfast.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•JackdrovetoMayfairatbreakneckspeed.杰克驾车向梅费尔疾驶.

外刊例句：Atbreakneckpace,itbuiltthe

GlobalCentreforCombatingExtremistIdeologyinRiyadh,whereMrTrumpand

MBS’s81-year-oldfather,KingSalmanbinAbdelAzizAlSaud,performeda

weirdinaugurationceremonyinvolvingaglowingglobe.

()它在利雅得以惊人速度建造了打机极端恐怖主义的国际中心.而特朗普与默罕穆德·本·萨勒曼81岁的父亲萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒一同出席了该建筑物的奇异建成庆典(该庆典上有着一个发光的球体).

替换表达：atbreakneckspeed

Q：极其迅速今天用atbreakneckpace,昨天用atabreathlesspace,到底pace可数还是不可数呢?A：pace既是可数名词,也是不可数名词,因此我们可以说atahighspeed,也可以说athighspeed,但对于atbreakneckpace/atabreathlesspace这两个短语可以当成固定搭配记住.

Q：在20世纪50年代和60年代,这句话我的答案是In1950sand1960s,是否可以呢?A：需要改成in

the

1950sand1960s

Q：captured,是否可以换成其他的词,比如arouse呢?A：可以,除了capturepeople’simagination,也可以说arouse/catchpeople’simagination

Q：请问,此处用atbreakneckpace来形容太空事业的发展是否合适?毕竟他的释义是extremelyandoftendangerouslyfast,里头有dangerously的含义在里头.太空事业现在发展的很危险吗?A：atabreakneckpace是一个中性词,它可以用来指某事物的发展很快,我们可以在朗文词典中找到例句：Cirrus,knownmostlyformultimediachips,hadbeen

growingatabreakneckpace

untillastyear.

2.考虑到空间探索与国家安全密切相关,那么对于财政资源丰富的国家来说,放弃空间计划,而其他国家继续在空间探索上迅速发展,这是很不明智的.Giventhatspaceexplorationis

inextricablylinkedto

(1.与……密切相关)nationalsecurity,itwouldbe

imprudent

(2.不明智的)fora

financiallywell-off

(3.财政资源丰富)countrytoabandonitsspaceprogramwhileothernationscontinueto

forgeahead(4.迅速发展).

1-beinextricablylinkedto

词典释义：inextricably

●○○○○1.ADV-GRADED

副词

分不开地;解不开地;紧密地

Iftwoormorethings

are

inextricably

linked,theycannotbeconsidered

separately.

【搭配模式】：ADVwithv

【语域标签】：FORMAL正式•Religionwasforher

inextricably

linkedwithlifeitself.

宗教对她来说是与生活本身紧密联系在一起的.

外刊例句：ForSakiMacozoma,businessandpolitics

areinextricablylinked.

()在萨奇·马克左玛看来,商业与政治密不可分.

替换表达：becloselylinkedto

学生错误表达：(1)

haveclose

relationshipwith点评：relationship在这里是可数名词,应该改为haveacloserelationshipwith

2-imprudent

词典释义：imprudent[ɪm'pru：.dənt]

formal

adjective

■unwise,byfailingtoconsiderthelikelyresultsofyour

actions

不明智的;不谨慎的,轻率的•Thereportcriticizesthebanksforbeing

imprudent

intheirlending.该报告批评银行在贷款方面不谨慎.

外刊例句：Malcolm'sview,however,wasthesensibleandsoundone：

giventhecatastrophicpotentialconsequencesofclimatechangeasforecast

bymostscientists,itwouldbe

imprudent

todonothing,inthesamewaythatitwouldbe

imprudent

toignoremostoncologists'warningthatyouhavea

tumour.

()然而,马尔科姆的观点其实有理有据：鉴于科学家大部分都预测了气候变化可能带来毁天灭地般的影响,若我们仍无动于衷无异是不明智的;同理,若肿瘤专家大多提醒你,你已经患上了肿瘤,而你却置之不理,这样子显然过于轻率.

替换表达：notsensible/unwise

3-financiallywell-off

词典释义：well-off1.havingalotofmoney,orenoughmoneytohave

agoodstandardofliving有钱的,富裕的;ANT

badly-off

•childrenfrom

well-offfamilies富裕家庭的孩子•Manypensioners

arelesswell-off(=havelessmoney)thantheyusedtobe.许多退休人员生活都不如以前富裕了.2.

bewell-offforsthhaving

plentyofsomething,orasmuchofitasyouneed有充裕的某物,有够多的某物：•We'rewell-offfor

publictransporthere.我们这里公共交通发达.

financial

●●●●●1.ADJ

形容词

财政的;金融的;财务的

Financial

means

relatingtoorinvolvingmoney.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•Thecompanyisin

financial

difficulties.公司目前财政困难.•...thegovernment's

financial

advisers.政府的财政顾问financially•Shewouldliketobemore

financially

independent...她想在经济上更加独立.•She'sbeenstruggling

financially

foryears...她多年来一直生活拮据.•Financially,thingsareabittight.经济上情况有点吃紧.

外刊例句：However,thesemotherstendedtobethemore

financiallywell-off

oradmitted

theirpartnershadopenedtheaccounts.

()然而,这些妈妈将变得更富有,或者承认她们的父母早已给她们存了钱到银行.

替换表达：rich/wealthy/affluent/withabundantfinancialresources

4-forgeahead

词典释义：UK

[fɔ：dʒ]

US

[fɔ：rdʒ]

verb

Phrasal

Verbs

forgeahead

■tosuddenlymakea

lotofprogresswithsomething

突然进展神速;迅猛发展

•Theorganizersare

forging

aheadwitha

programmeofpublicevents.组织者搞的一个公共活动计划进展神速.

forge

ahead

[intransitive]

[presenttense

I/you/we/they

forgeahead

he/she/it

forgesahead

presentparticiple

forgingahead

pasttense

forgedahead

pastparticiple

forged

ahead]

phrasal

verb

1.

tomakestrongsteady

progress

Exportsalescontinuetoforgeahead.

Heforgedaheadwithhisplans.

外刊例句：Asgovernmentscontinueto

forgeahead

withreforms,theyshouldmakegreateruseofthe

behaviouralinsightsexpertiseattheirdisposal.()随着政府继续坚持改革,向前迈进,他们该更好地利用其所掌握的行为洞察知识.

替换表达：makeprogressquickly

Q：financiallywell-off的welloff是名词还是?A：well-off在这里是形容词,可以参考词典里面的说明.

Q：请问老师：查了词典forge本身就要突然向前的意思,用了ahead会不会重复了?谢谢老师!A：forgeahead是一个固定表达,可以记住.

Q：请问老师financial与fiscal两者有什么区别吗?A：financial可以指与金融相关的东西,它的范围比较广,而fiscal会更加具体,它仅仅指"(政府)财政的”.我们可以说：Organic

farmersshouldbeencouragedwith

financial

incentives.对实行有机栽培的农民应当在经济上给予鼓励.但不可以说：Organic

farmersshouldbeencouragedwithfiscalincentives.

Q：您好老师,考虑到为什么要用giventhat呢?considering

可以吗?A：这里用considering(that)也可以.

3.太空探索的实际好处确实很难找到.有少数为了太空飞行而研发的技术在随后找到了更广泛的应用.然而,这些发展进步很难被认为是革命性的,而且它们也当然不能为太空项目庞大的开销正名.Itiscertainlytruethat

tangible

(1.实际的)benefitsofspaceexplorationaredifficulttofind.Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhichweredevelopedforspaceflightthathavesince

foundamoregeneraluse(2.找到更广泛的应用).However,suchdevelopmentscanhardlybeconsideredrevolutionaryandcertainlydonot

justify

(3.是……的正当理由)theenormouscostofaspaceprogramme.

1-tangible

词典释义：tangible['tæn.dʒə.bl]

adjective

■realornotimaginary;abletobeshown,touchedor

experienced

真实的;非想像的;可触摸的;可感知的•Weneed

tangible

evidence

ifwe'regoingtotakelegalaction.如果我们要采取法律行动,就需要有实实在在的证据.•Other

tangible

benefits

includeanincreaseinsalaryandshorterworkinghours.其他实实在在的好处包括加薪和缩短工作时间.

外刊例句：Arerisingbillsatthesupermarketcheckoutturningoutto

bethefirst

tangible

impactof

climatechangeonthedailylivesofallBritons?Itverymuchseemsso.()超市货物涨价将是英国人在日常生活中最先真实感受到的气候变化影响吗?看起来就是这样.

替换表达：concrete/real

2-findamoregeneraluse

词典释义：general4.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

广泛的;普遍的

Youuse

general

to

describesomethingthatinvolvesoraffectsmostpeople,ormostpeopleina

particulargroup.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•Theprojectshouldraise

generalawarenessaboutbullying.这个项目将会提高民众对恃强凌弱行径的认识.

外刊例句：However,Fryerassumedshootingsarenotnecessarilylinked

to

amoregeneraluse

ofpolice

force.

()但弗耶认为,枪击案与警察更频繁的出动无必然联系.

替换表达：bewidelyemployed/applied

学生错误表达：(1)

Haveawider

applications点评：application在这里是不可数名词,应该改为havewiderapplication

3-justifysomething

词典释义：justify['dʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■togiveortobeagoodreasonfor

为…辩护;证明…正当(或有理、正确);是…的正当理由•[+

-ing

verb]Ican'treally

justify

taking

anotherdayoffwork.我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了.•Areyousurethatthesemeasuresarejustified?

你确定这些措施合理吗?

外刊例句：Andcorporatejetsarehardto

justify

whensqueezingcostselsewhere.

()再者,在其他开支都紧缩的情况下,很难给公司私人飞机的使用找到正当理由.

替换表达：warrant

学生错误表达：(1)

excuse点评：excuse是指"(辩解的)理由,借口”,例如：He'dbetterhaveagoodexcuseforbeinglate.他迟到最好有正当的理由.而语境中是要说明航空计划高花费的正当性,用excuse不太合适.

Q：Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhichwere

developedforspaceflightthathavesincefoundamoregeneraluse.这句话中为什么加了一个since呢?不太懂.A：since在这里是一个副词,含义是"自……以后”,have

sincedonesomething这种用法在英文中很常见,例如：Ireturnedhometo

Sussexandhavesinceworkedasasolicitor.我回到了家乡萨塞克斯郡,之后就一直做事务律师.

Q："Thereareasmallnumberoftechnologieswhich

weredevelopedforspaceflightthathavesincefoundamoregeneral

use."中which和that后面接的都是修饰technologies的定语从句吗?A：是的,这里which和that指代的都是前面的technologies

Q：fly也可以做名词,和flight有什么不同?A：fly作为名词时是指"苍蝇”,不能用来指"太空飞行”.

Q：theenormouscostofaspaceprogram能不能写成theenormouscostofspaceprograms?A：可以,这里aspaceprogram和space

programs都泛指"太空项目”.

Q：请问什么时候用program什么时候用programme?看了一下字典感觉都是可以共用的,对吗?A：是的,两个单词是一样的,program是美式拼法,programme是英式拼法.

4.人类一直都有一种探索和求知的欲望,而太空绝对是充满了未知的一个地方.这种好奇心使人类和动物得以区别,也是智人(Homosapiens)如此繁盛的主要原因之一.如果人类丧失了对于拓展疆界、发掘未知的兴趣,那么进步和发展就会迅速停滞不前.Humanshavealwayshadadesiretoexploreandunderstand,andspaceisabsolutely

brimmingwith(1.充满)theunknown.ThiscuriosityiswhatdifferentiateshumansfromanimalsandisoneofthemainreasonswhyHomosapienshave

flourished

(2.繁盛)tosuchanextent.Ifhumanslostinterestin

pushingbacktheboundaries

(3.开拓疆界)anddiscoveringthepreviouslyundiscovered,thenprogressanddevelopmentwouldquickly

stagnate(4.停滞不前).

1-brimwith注意是主动语态.

词典释义：brim[brɪm]

verb

intransitive

(-mm-)

■tobecomefullof

something,especiallyaliquid

注满,装满(尤指液体)

•Hereyesbrimmed

withtears

whensheheardthathewasalive.当她听说他活着时,眼里噙满了泪水.•figurative

Hisrecenttriumphshaveleftthetennisace

brimming

(over)with

(=fullof)confidenceandenergy.最近的几次胜利使这位网球高手充满信心和活力.

外刊例句：MessrsHarbathandMeserveboth

brimwith

pridewhentheydescribetheirhigh-purityaluminium.

()哈尔巴夫与莫瑟夫先生满怀自豪地介绍他们的"纯种”校友会.

替换表达：befullofsomething

2-flourish

词典释义：flourishUK

['flʌr.ɪʃ]

US

['flɝ：-]

verb

SUCCEED

成功

intransitive

■togrowordevelopsuccessfully

茁壮成长;繁荣;蓬勃发展•Mytomatoesare

flourishing

thissummer-itmust

bethewarmweather.今年夏天我的番茄长势很好——这一定是天气暖和的原因.•Watercolourpaintingbeganto

flourish

inBritain

around1750.1750年左右,水彩画开始在英国兴盛起来.

外刊例句：Allred,likebedbugs,isastrangephenomenonwhocould

verywellexistinothercountriesbutseemsto

flourish

inAmerica–

flourish

tothepointofubiquity.()Allred就像臭虫那样,是种奇怪现象,它在其他国家也的确存在,但似乎只在美国蓬勃发展,遍布全国.

替换表达：thrive/prosper

3-pushbacktheboundaries

词典释义：

usuallyplural

thelimitsofanactivityorexperience

acommunityinwhichclassboundaries

areveryclearlydrawn

pushback/extendtheboundariesof

something：

newresearchthatpushesback

theboundariesofgeneticscience

cutacrossboundaries：

Theparty’ssupportcutsacross

religiousboundaries

(=isnot

influencedbydifferencesamongreligions)

.

外刊例句：ThewarmthintheArcticthatthisarrangementhasbrought

maydiminishtheregenerationofseaiceoverthecourseofthiswinter,

meaningthatnextsummer'ssuncan

push

backtheboundaries

further.

()该协定导致北极升温,这可能会使本年冬季重新结冰的海冰融化,导致海岸线于下个夏天在阳光的影响下升得更高.

替换表达：extendtheboundaries

4-stagnate

词典释义：stagnateUK

[stæg'neɪt]

US

['stæg.neɪt]

verb

intransitive

■tostaythesameandnotgrowordevelop

停滞不前;不发展•Theelectronicsindustryisshowingsignsof

stagnating

after15yearsoftremendousgrowth.电子产业在经过15年的飞速发展之后出现了停滞不前的迹象.

外刊例句：Asthecostoflivingrisesandwages

stagnate,formanyfoodisbecominghardertoafford.We’re

returningtoanerawhereahealthydietisaspirational.()(我们)因为生活开销增加和工资滞胀,很多食物都买不起了.我们正回到人人都渴望吃得健康的日子.

替换表达：becomestagnant/cometoastandstill/beboggeddown/get

boggeddown

Q：好像没有查到’pushback‘有开拓的意思呀?push

back本身不是撤退,使回到原处的含义吗?为什么pushingbacktheboundaries会是开拓疆界的含义呢?虽然我查到了例句Scientistscontinuetopushbacktheboundariesofhuman

knowledge.A：pushbacktheboundaries是一个固定搭配,含义是"开拓疆界”,例如：newresearchthatpushesbacktheboundariesofgeneticscience扩大人们对基因科学知识的研究,关于短语的更多知识可以查看朗文词典中的解释.

Q：最后一句,可不可以不用虚拟语气?A：这里必须要用虚拟语气,因为"人类失去好奇心”只是一个不太可能发生的假设,要用虚拟语气来表达.

Q：curiosity[U,sing.]~(aboutsth)|~(todosth)astrong

desiretoknowaboutsth好奇心;求知欲：为什么这里用this??this后可以用不可数名词吗??A：thiscuriosity是指前面提到的Humans

havealwayshadadesiretoexploreandun