（高考英语作文炼句）第21篇老师译文笔记

PAGEPAGE11.人类天生就对周围发生的事情感到好奇,对于犯罪尤其如此.对很多人来说,犯罪虽然可怕,但同样能引起他们的兴趣.正因为如此,报纸和电视新闻简报上充满了对于犯罪的报道.Itis

humannature

(1.人类天性)tobecuriousabouttheeventsthathappenaroundus.

Whenitcomesto

(2.对于……)crime,thisisespeciallyso.Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itisalsosomethingthat

drawstheirinterest(3.吸引他们的兴趣),andthereforenewspapersand

televisionnewsbulletins

(4.电视新闻简报)arefullofreportsofcrime.

1-humannaturehumannature前面不加冠词the或a,也没有复数形式.

词典释义：human

naturenoun

uncountable

■thenaturalwaysofbehavingthatmostpeopleshare

人性•Youcan'tchangehumannature.你无法改变人性.•It's

only

humannature(=Itisnatural)towant

thebestforyourchildren.希望自己的孩子得到最好的乃是人之常情.

外刊例句：ButthesuccessofschemesliketheoneinKirkleesowesas

muchtoanunderstandingofhumannature.

()但像科克里斯那种计划之所以能成功,很大程度上归功于对人性的深刻认识.

替换表达：Humansarebynature…

2-Whenitcomesto注意这里to是介词.

词典释义：32.PHRASE

短语

谈到;涉及

Youcanusetheexpression

when

itcomesto

or

whenitcomesdownto

in

ordertointroduceanewtopicoranewaspectofatopicthatyouare

talkingabout.

【搭配模式】：PHRn/-ing•Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowing

suchthingsisn'tmuchhelpwhenit

comesto

shoppingandeating...

我们大多数人都知道应该减少脂肪的摄入量.但是在购物和吃东西的时候,这些常识就丢到一边去了.

•However,whenit

comes

downtosomebodythattheyknow,theyhaveadifferentfeeling.然而,涉及他们认识的人,他们的感觉就不同了.

外刊例句：Bylettinglower-courtdecisionsstandbutnotrequiring

othercourtstoabidebytheruling,thestageissetforoddstate-by-state

ordistrict-by-districtdistinctions

when

itcomesto

themeaningoflawsortheconstitution.

()(政府)让低级法院能维持原判,但又不要求其他法院遵从其判决,而这就造成了各州及个地区对于法律和宪法的解释各不相同.

替换表达：forcrime

学生错误表达：(1)

whenit

refersto点评：没有whenitrefers

to的说法,应该改为whenitcomesto

3-drawone’sinterest

词典释义：drawUK

[drɔ：]

US

[drɑ：]

verb

(drew,

drawn)

ATTRACT

吸引

IMPROVER

transitive

■toattract

attentionorinterest

吸引,引起(兴趣、注意)•He'sanexcellentspeakerwhoalways

draws

a

crowd.他很擅长演讲,总能吸引大批的听众.•Doeshewearthoseridiculousclothesto

draw

attention?

他穿那些滑稽的衣服就是想吸引人们的注意吗?•CouldI

draw

your

attentionto

item

numberthreeontheagenda?

我可以请你看一看议程的第三项内容吗?

外刊例句：Theyoftenregardthesecompaniesasavisible,public

stagethattheycanuseto

draw

interest,”hesays."Theywillchangeorevolvetheirtacticstokeepthe

spotlightontheircauseaslongaspossible.”

()他说："他们经常认为这些公司是能让其吸引公众注意力的高曝光度的公众平台,他们会改变其策略来让他们的事业尽可能久地处于聚光灯下.”

替换表达：drawone’seyes

4-televisionnewsbulletins

词典释义：bulletinUK

['bʊl.ə.tɪn]

US

[-tˌɪn]

noun

countable

■ashortnewsprogrammeontelevisionorradiooftenabout

somethingthathasjusthappened,orashortnewspaperprintedbyan

organization

(电视或电台的)新闻快报;(机构的)简报•anhourlynews

bulletin整点新闻快报•Thecompanypublishesafortnightly

bulletin

for

itsstaff.这家公司每两周为员工出一期简报.

例句：When

stockmarketsfallprecipitately,thestorymakesthenightly

televisionnewsbulletins.()随着股票市场迅速崩塌,这个故事就变成了每晚播出的新闻快报.

Q：对翻译来讲,在保证正确的基础上,是否用越多的句式,越高级的词语就越好呢?应该是不一定的吧?A：不一定的,是否用高级的单词要看这个词是否能在语境中精确表达出意思,如果不够精确,就不能用.关于这方面的知识,推荐你去看OnWritingWell这本书.

Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itis

alsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,andthereforenewspaperand

televisionnewsbulletinsarefullofreportsofcrime.

[分析]本句是一个由and连接的并列句,其前一分句的主干为itisalsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,这是一个主系表结构,其中主语it指代crime,表语为something

thatdrawstheirinterest,其中包含了一个定语从句thatdrawstheir

interest,修饰something.句首For

many和althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared为两个状语.该句的后一分句为thereforenewspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletinsarefullof

reportsofcrime,这是一个主系表结构,其中,therefore为状语,newspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletins为主语,fullofreportsofcrime为表语.

2.在媒体自由的国家,媒体被允许报道几乎任何他们认为有新闻价值或者仅仅有利可图的新闻.这产生的结果就是很多记者花费大量时间跟踪名人,无论这些名人去了哪里.他们希望可以抓拍到(名人)羞辱性的照片,或者得到耸人听闻的故事.Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedtocovervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveis

newsworthy

(1.有新闻价值的)orsimplyprofitable.Theresultisthatmanyreportersspendmuchoftheirtime

stalking

(2.跟踪)celebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeof

snapping

(3.抓拍)ahumiliatingphotoorobtaininga

sensationalist

(4.耸人听闻的)story.

1-newsworthy

词典释义：newsworthy

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

有报道价值的;有新闻价值的;值得报道的

Anevent,fact,orpersonthatis

newsworthy

isconsideredtobe

interestingenoughtobereportedinnewspapersorontheradioor

television.•Thenumberofdeathsmakesthestory

newsworthy...死亡人数使这篇报道具有了新闻价值.

•Thissituationmightdevelopintoanevenmore

newsworthy

itemifthepolicewereinvolved.如果警方涉入的话,这个局面就会变得更有新闻价值了.

外刊例句：BhumibolAdulyadej,the88-year-oldkingofThailand,has

beeninpoorhealthforsolongthateachfreshboutofillnessseemsscarcely

newsworthy.()普密蓬·阿杜德这位88岁的泰国国王长期以来身体都不好,以至于其病况更新都难称得上具有新闻价值.

学生错误表达：(1)

valuable点评：表达不够准确,valuable是泛指某事物有价值,没有表达出"新闻”这一层含义.

2-stalking

词典释义：stalkUK

[stɔ：k]

US

[stɑ：k]

verb

FOLLOW

跟随

transitive

■tofollowan

animalorpersonascloselyaspossiblewithoutbeingseenorheard,usually

inordertocatchorkillthem

跟踪,悄悄地靠近(猎物或人)

•Thepolicehadbeen

stalking

thewomanfora

weekbeforetheyarrestedher.警方逮捕那个女人之前已经跟踪了她一个星期.intransitive

or

transitive

■toillegally

followandwatchsomeone,usuallyawoman,overaperiodoftime

(在一段时期内)非法跟踪骚扰(通常指女性)•Hewasarrestedfor

stalking.他因跟踪骚扰女性而被捕.

外刊例句：Meanwhile,GrahamArnoldandKevinMuscatspentmuchof

theirtime

stalking

thetouchline

andberatingthefourthofficial.

()与此同时,格莱汉姆·阿诺德和凯文·慕斯卡特耗费大量时间来骚扰边裁和辱骂第四裁判员.

替换表达：follow

学生错误表达：(1)

track点评：track一般是指"找寻,追踪(犯人或猎物)”,例如：PolicehavebeentrackingthefourcriminalsalloverCentral

America.警方一直在中美洲到处追捕这四名犯人.这里用来指娱乐记者对明星的跟踪不太恰当.(2)

trace点评：trace是指"找到,查出”,例如：Policearetryingtotraceayoungwomanwhowasseennearthe

accident.警方在设法寻找目击者称在事故现场附近出现过的一名年轻女子.(3)

tail点评：拼写错误,tail不可与trail混淆.

3-snap

词典释义：snap[snæp]

verb

(-pp-)

PHOTOGRAPH

摄影

intransitive

or

transitive

■totakealotof

photographsquickly

拍快照•Hewasarrestedfor

snapping

photosofa

militaryparade.他因拍摄了阅兵的快照而被逮捕.•She'sverypleasedwithhernewcameraandwas

snapping

away

thewholetimewewereabroad.她对自己的新相机十分满意,我们在国外时,她一直不停地拍照.

例句：Theinventionofthehandheldcameraappalled19th-century

society,asdidthe"Kodakfiends”whopatrolledbeaches

snapping

sunbathers.()手持式相机在十九世纪引起了轰动,与此同时,那些在沙滩游荡偷拍日光浴者的"柯达粉丝”也不妨多让.

替换表达：getasnapshotof

学生错误表达：(1)

take/get点评：take/get不能体现出"抓拍”这一层含义.

4-sensationalist

词典释义：sensationalist

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

(新闻报道、电视广播节目)耸人听闻的,追求轰动效应的

Sensationalist

newsreportsandtelevisionandradioprogrammespresentthe

factsinawaythatmakesthemseemworseormoreshockingthantheyreally

are.

【语用信息】：disapproval•...sensationalist

headlines...耸人听闻的新闻标题

•Thepictureswere

sensationalist

andcouldseriouslydisturbyoungerreaders.这些图片大肆渲染,会让一些比较年轻的读者们惶恐不安.

外刊例句：Lastmonthitbroadcastanot-uncharacteristically

sensationalist

reportaboutgrenade

attacksinNairobi,withalargeon-screenbannerscreaming

"VIOLENCE",implyingawaveofviolentdisturbanceswheninfact

theattackwasaone-offincident.

()它于上个月播报了一则关于内罗毕炸弹袭击的耸人听闻的新闻,在屏幕上辅以极大标题"暴力”二字,暗指将发生一系列暴力袭击,但实际上这次袭击只是一次与他人无关的意外.

替换表达：sensational

学生错误表达：(1)

appalling点评：appalling含义是Causingconsternationordismay;frightful,比如appallingworkingconditions可怕的工作条件/

appallingviolence骇人的暴行一般不能用来指新闻报道耸人听闻.

Q：有些时候是形容词修饰名词,有些时候是名词修饰名词,这两者之间有什么区别吗?还是说名词修饰名词一般是固定表达,而通常是用形容词修饰名词呢?望老师解答,谢谢老师.A：名词修饰名词的情况一般是固定表达,比如attentionspan,panicattack等,遇到这种情况可以当成特例记忆下来.

Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedto

covervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveisnewsworthyorsimply

profitable.

[分析]本句的主干是thepressisallowed

tocovervirtuallyanystory,这是一个被动结构,thepress是主语,isallowed是谓语,tocovervirtuallyanystory是不定式作主语补足语,在这个不定式中还包含了一个that引导的定语从句thattheybelieveisnewsworthy

orsimplyprofitable,修饰story.句首是一个地点状语从句,其中,thathavefreemedia是定语从句,修饰countries.

Theresultisthatmanyreportsspendmuchoftheirtime

stalkingcelebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeofsnappingahumiliating

photoorobtainingasensationaliststory.

[分析]本句的主干是Theresultisthat…,这是一个主系表结构,其中表语由长长的由that引导的名词性从句承担,该表语从句的结构为sbspendtime

doingsth,主语为manyreports,谓语是spend,宾语是muchoftheirtime,状语是stalkingcelebrities

wherevertheygo,这个状语里面又包含了一个地点状语wherevertheygo,句子最后是由inthehopeof引导的介词短语,作目的状语.

3.尽管犯罪报道有时候会导致一些问题,但这并不意味着媒体应该受到严格管控.在多数情况下,人们有权知道他们身边正在发生着什么.如果在某一特定的区域存在大量的谋杀,而罪犯又在逃的话,告知该区域居民的必要性应该大于其他任何顾虑.Althoughthereportingofcrimecansometimesleadtocertainproblems,thisdoesnotmeanthatthemediashould

besubjecttostrictcontrols(1.受到严格控制).Inmostcases,peoplehavetherighttoknowwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Iftherewas

aspateof

(2.大量的)murdersinoneparticularareaandtheperpetratorremained

atlarge(3.在逃的),theneedtoinformthoselivinginthatareashould

beplacedaboveanyotherconcerns(4.置于其他顾虑之上).

1-besubjecttostrictcontrolsbesubjectto含义较多,这里是指按照法律、规定等,必须服从的.

词典释义：subject8.ADJ

形容词

受…支配的;服从于…的

Ifsomeoneis

subject

to

aparticularsetofrulesorlaws,theyhave

toobeythoserulesorlaws.

【搭配模式】：v-linkADJton•ThetribunalisuniquebecauseMrJonesisnot

subject

tothenormalpolicedisciplinecode.因为琼斯先生不受一般的治安条例法规约束,所以专门设立了特别法庭.•...arguingthatasasovereignstateitcouldnotbe

subject

toanothercountry'slaws.争论说作为一个主权国家其不受其他国家法律的约束

外刊例句：Preciselybecauseofitscachet(orcapacityfor

exploitation),businessuseoftheword'university'

issubjecttostrictcontrols.

()"大学”一词的商业使用受到严格管制,这绝对因为其威望或者说其可供开发利用的价值.

替换表达：somethingshouldbeunderstrict/tightcontrol

2-aspateof

词典释义：spate[speɪt]

noun

countableusuallysingular

■alargernumberofeventsthanusual,especially

unpleasantones,happeningataboutthesametime

(尤指不愉快的)大量突发事件•Policeareinvestigatinga

spate

of

burglariesintheKingslandRoadarea.警方正在调查最近在金斯兰德路周边地区接连发生的多宗破门窃盗案.

外刊例句：Aspateof

retirementsat

Wimbledonshowsthathobbledentrantsarereluctanttogiveuprankings

pointsandprizemoney.

()不少温布利网球比赛的选手突然退赛,这表明了,不少有伤在身的选手不愿放弃排名分数和奖金.

替换表达：alargenumberof/ahostof

学生错误表达：(1)

alargeamountof点评：amountof后面只能修饰不可数名词,这里murder是可数名词,不能用alargeamountof来修饰.

3-atlarge

词典释义：atlarge

phrase

2.

ifacriminalora

dangerousanimalisatlarge,theyhavenotbeencaught

Athird,unidentifiedpersonremainsat

large.

Thesaurus：

freeandindependentsynonym

Main

entry：

large

外刊例句：Althoughheisfrustratedthatsomanysuspectsremain

atlarge,thechiefinternational

envoytoBosnia,Austria'sWolfgangPetritsch,believesthetribunalhashad

ahelpfuleffectonthepoliticalatmosphereintheregion.

()出使波黑的奥地利国际首席大使沃夫冈·佩斯利奇虽然对许多嫌疑犯仍逍遥法外感到失望,但他认为该特别法庭对当地政局起积极影响.

替换表达：ontherun

4-sthbeplacedaboveanyotherconcerns词典释义：place[pleɪs]

verb

POSITION

位置

ESSENTIAL

intransitive

or

transitive

■toputsomething

inaparticularposition

放置,安放,摆放•She

placed

theletterinfrontofme.她把信放在我面前.•She

placed

hernameonthelistof

volunteers.她把自己的名字写在志工名单上.•I'd

place

himamongthetenmostbrilliant

scientistsofhisage.我会把他列入他那个时期最杰出的十位科学家之列.•[+obj+adj]Thehorsewas

placed

first/second/thirdinitsfirstrace(=finishedtheracein

first/second/thirdposition).那匹马在首场比赛中获得第一／二／三名.

concernUK

[kən'sɜ：n]

US

[-'sɝ：n]

noun

WORRY

担心

IMPROVER

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyoufeelworriedornervousaboutsomething,orsomethingthatmakesyoufeelworried

担心;忧虑;挂念;忧虑的事情•Concern

for

thesafetyofthetwomissingteenagersis

growing.两名失踪少年的安危越来越令人担忧.•There'salotofpublic

concern

about/over

dangeroustoxinsrecentlyfoundinfood.公众对近来在食物中发现危险毒素一事非常不安.•[+

that]My

concern

is

that

you'renotgettingenoughworkdone.我担心的是你将不能完成足够的工作.

外刊例句：ThisstrengthensthecaseforkeepingUKinterestrateson

hold,overand

aboveanyconcerns

aboutthestateoftheglobaleconomy.

()这让维持英国利率稳定变得更为迫切,比其他国际经济大事都重要.

替换表达：somethingbegivenpriorityover

学生错误表达：(1)

priorto点评：priorto含义是"在……之前”,例如：Allthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.所有安排都应在你离开之前完成.Priorto是指时间上的优先级,不能用来指重要性上面的优先级.(2)

beworthmore

than点评：beworthmore

than一般指"比……更有价值”,例如："Ipaid£2000forthis

car.""You'vebeenhad,mate.It'snotworthmorethan£1000."

短语用在该语境中不合适.

Q：请问besubjectto与besubjected

to在作为遭受···的时候有什么区别?A：正确的说法应该是besubjecttosomething,没有besubjectedtosomething的说法.

besubjecttosth

■tohaveorexperienceaparticularthing,

especiallysomethingunpleasant

有;遭受,承受•Carsare

subject

toahigh

domestictax.买汽车要缴很高的国内税.•Inrecentyears,shehasbeen

subject

toattacksofdepression.近年来,她一直饱受忧郁症的折磨.

Q：写作的时候,单句用的多比较好,还是复句用的多比较好呢,比如在这里：criminalreports和thereportingofcrime哪个比较好?我个人更倾向于criminal

reports.A：一般可以采用单句和复句长短结合的方式,单句穿插在复句当中.Criminalreports和thereportingofcrime两个都可以,在写作时可以替换使用,避免用词单调.

Q：Iftherewasaspateofmurdersinoneparticular

areaandtheperpetratorremainedatlarge,这句话如果是虚拟语气,was为什么不是"were”呢?另外如果只是单纯的过去时,也应该用were才对,因为后面的murders属于复数形式呀,谢谢!A：句子使用了虚拟语气,表示一种假设意味,在这里写成iftherewere/was都可以,但iftherewere会显得更加老派正式,关于这一点可以参考《经济学人》之前提到的一个虚拟语气用法：http：///RCCHqdR

4.新闻媒体之所以重要只是因为我们离不开它.在信息时代,保持消息灵通是很重要的,而新闻媒体在这点上扮演着无可替代的角色.Thenewsmediaisimportantsimplybecausewe

cannotdowithout

(1.离不开)it.Intheinformationage,being

wellinformed

(2.消息灵通的)iscrucialandthenewsmediaplaysan

indispensable(3.无可替代)roleinthis.

1-cannotdowithoutsomething

词典释义：dowithout

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

没有…也行,没有…而设法对付过去

Ifyou

dowithout

something

youneed,want,orusuallyhave,youareabletosurvive,continue,or

succeedalthoughyoudonothaveit.

【语法信息】：VPn

【语法信息】：VP•Wecan't

do

without

thehelpofyour

organisation...我们不能没有你们机构的帮助.•We'vehadabitmoremoneyandthat,andthebabydoesn't

dowithout.我们还有一点钱什么的,婴儿没有这些不行.

外刊例句：Likeotherairlinechiefs,QatarAirways’boss,AkbarAl

Baker,complainsofGDSs’slownessinupdatingtheirsystemstocopewithall

theseoptions,butheadmitsthatthey

cannot

dowithout

theGDSsbecausetheyprovidesuchabigshareoftheir

reservations.

()卡塔尔航空总裁贝克尔和其他航空公司老板一样,抱怨全球分销系统(GDS)更新其用于处理这些买卖优先权的系统太缓慢了,不过他也承认他们无法不依靠该系统,因为他提供了大量订单.

替换表达：cannotgo/managewithoutsomething

学生错误表达：(1)

cannotlive

without点评：表达不准确,cannotlive

withoutsomething是指"离开了某事物就无法生存”.

2-wellinformed

词典释义：well-informed

UK

[ˌwel.ɪn'fɔ：md]

US

[-'fɔ：rmd]

adjective

■havingalotofknowledgeorinformationabouta

particularsubjectorthingsingeneral

(对某一话题或总体情况)非常熟悉的;消息灵通的

•Hewas

well-informed

andshrewd,withgood,calm

judgment.他见多识广,精明能干且有着出色、冷静的判断力.•How

well-informed

isthecustomer

about

the

range,qualityandcostoftheproductsono