（高考英语作文炼句）第9篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE1尽管年轻人能够相信他们的教科书是正确无误的,但还是要在年轻时培养他们区分真实信息和虚假信息,事实与伪事实的认知能力.Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual(1.正确无误的),the

cognitiveskills

(2.认知能力)neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation(3.区分真实信息和虚假信息),and

factfromfiction(4.区分事实与伪事实),shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

1-accurateandfactual

词典释义：accurate['æk.jʊ.rət]

adjective

IMPROVER

■correct,exactandwithoutanymistakes

准确的;精确的;正确的•an

accurate

machine精密的机器•an

accurate

description准确的描述•Thefigurestheyhaveusedarejustnot

accurate.他们引用的数字太不准确.•Hernovelisan

accurate

reflectionoflifein

post-warSpain.她的小说是战后西班牙生活的真实写照.•Wehopetobecomemore

accurate

in

predicting

earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.factual['fæk.tjʊəl]

adjective

■usingorconsistingoffacts

事实的;真实的•Shegaveaclear,

factual

accountoftheattack.她如实地清晰陈述了遇袭经过.

外刊例句：Idomyjobonthebasisoffactsanddataandresearchand

analysisandoperationalplanning,andoffthebackofthatIwillgive

answersthatare

accurateandfactual

-notthrowawaylinesininterviews,factualanswers.(TheGuardian)我基于事实、数据、调查、分析和作业计划来完成工作,并且,我在此之后会做出精确且真实的回答,这并非采访中的顺口开河之言,而真的是肺腑之言.

替换表达：precise/correct/true

学生错误表达：(1)

flawless点评：flawless含义是"无缺点的,完美的”,用在此处不合适.(2)

correctandwithoutmistakes点评：correct本身已经包含withoutmistakes的含义,这里不用重复用词.

2-cognitiveskills

词典释义：cognitiveUK

['kɒg.nɪ.tɪv]

US

['kɑ：g.nɪ.tˌɪv]

specialized

adjective

[beforenoun]

■connectedwiththinkingorconsciousmentalprocesses

感知的;认知的;认识力的•Someofher

cognitive

functions

havebeen

impaired.她的部分认知能力受到了损害.•cognitive

behaviour/development认知行为／认知发展•cognitive

therapy/psychology认知疗法／心理学

外刊例句：Inaworldinwhichthatwerepossible,some

cognitiveskills

wouldbecome

relativelymoreimportant—asortofarchivistsawarenessofpotentially

unknownorunderappreciateddatasources,forinstance,orasimpleability

toaskinterestingquestions.

()在那(概念)能实现的世界里,某些认知能力将相对地变得更为重要——比如说某种收集型感知能力,能感知到那些也许尚无人知晓或遭人忽视的数据来源,又或者是懂得提问有趣问题,这种简单的能力.

替换表达：cognitiveability

学生错误表达：(1)

abilitytorecognize点评：recognize含义是"认识;承认”,与"认知”含义不同.(2)

thesenseofcognitive点评：搭配不当,senseof后面一般接名词,而cognitive是形容词.

3-differentiateinformationfrommisinformationdifferentiate后跟betweenAandB、或者AfromB.

词典释义：differentiate[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃi.eɪt]

verb

FINDDIFFERENCE

区别

intransitive

or

transitive

■toshoworfindthedifferencebetweenthingswhichare

compared

区别,分清,辨别•Wedonot

differentiate

between

ourworkers

onthebasisoftheirbackgroundorethnicorigin.我们不会因工人的背景或种族不同而区别对待.

misinformationUK

[ˌmɪs.ɪn.fə'meɪ.ʃən]

US

[-fɚ-]

noun

uncountable

■whenpeoplearemisinformed

错误的资讯•There'salotof

misinformation

about

AIDS

thatneedstobecorrected.有许多关于爱滋病的错误资讯,亟待更正.■informationintendedtodeceive

假消息•Hiselectioncampaignwasbasedon

misinformation

about

therivalcandidates.他的竞选活动是根据有关对手候选人的假消息进行的.

外刊例句：IsGreecereallydowntoitslast€600m?Couldthecountry

gobustinthenextcoupleofweeks,asfinanceministerYanisVaroufakis

suggests?It’simpossibletoknow.Sifting

informationfrommisinformation

isamug’sgamewhenbothsides

inanegotiationareengagedinbrinkmanship.

()希腊真的只剩下最后6亿欧元吗?希腊真的会像其财政部长叶尼斯·瓦尔法科斯所想那样,在未来数周内破产吗?答案无从知晓.谈判双方都聚焦在冒险政策上,只有傻瓜才会在这时去分辨信息真伪.

学生错误表达：(1)disguisetruenewsfromfakenews点评：disguise含义是"假扮;掩盖”,这里不能将disguise与distinguish(分辨)混淆.Truenewsfromfakenews可以改为truefromfalse,即distinguishtruefrom

false(2)tellthetrueinformationfromthefalse

ones点评：information是不可数名词,后面不可以用ones来指代.这里可以改为tellinformationfrommisinformation(3)

discriminatefactualinformationandfictitiousone点评：当discriminate取"区别,辨别”的含义时,常见搭配为discriminate

somethingfromsomething,例如：theprocessoflearning

todiscriminatefactfromopinion学会区别事实和观点的过程原句应该改为discriminatefactualinformationfromfictitiousone

4-factfromfiction

fiction词典释义：countable

or

uncountable

■afalsereportor

statementwhichyoupretendistrue

虚构的事;谎言

•[+

that]Atworkshekeptup

the

fiction

that

shehadauniversitydegree.工作时,她一直谎称自己有大学学历.•Whenhe'stellingyousomething,youneverknowwhat's

factandwhat's

fiction.他向你叙事时,你永远都不知道哪些是事实,哪些是杜撰的.

外刊例句：Separating

factfrom

fiction

usedtobearelativelystraightforwardtask.Thencame"fake

news”.Inrecentyearstheadventofsocialmediahasmadeitfareasierto

spreadliesaboutcurrenteventsonline,benefitingbothshadowypolitical

actorsadvancingagendasandunscrupulousentrepreneurshopingtoreap

advertisingrevenues.

()在以前,分辨事实真伪是份相对简单的工作.随后,"虚假新闻”出现了.近年来,随着社交媒体诞生,在网上散布虚假新闻变得容易多了,这既方便了那些身份不明的政治参与者推动政治议程,也让那些欲赚取广告收入的骗子公司获利了.

学生错误表达：(1)

truthfromlie点评：lie使用不当,这里可以改为untruth(2)

factsandfakefacts点评：没有fakefacts的说法,应该改为factandfiction(3)

factandforgedfact点评：forged含义是"伪造的”,这里用词不当.(4)atruthfromanuntruth点评：truth以及untruth都是不可数名词,前面不用加a,这里可以改为truthanduntruth

Q：1.认知能力,柯林斯英英中skill当ability能力讲是不可数的,是不是应该用cognitiveskill?看起来ability更合语境,用cognitiveability是否更恰当?A：当skill表示"能力”这个抽象概念时是不可数名词,比如：I

admiredtheskillanddedicationofthenursingstaff.

当skill表示某一种具体的能力时是可数名词,比如academic/technical/practical

skills,而认知能力属于这些具体能力中的一种,因此应该用cognitiveskills

这里也可以用cognitiveability,比如BBC例句：Thefiguressuggestthatthe

cognitive

ability

ofthoseworkingabout60hoursaweekcanbelowerthanthose

whoarenotemployed.

Q：这里为什么要用need?还请老师指正.A：这里需要分析一下句子结构：Thecognitiveskillsneededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction,should

bedevelopedatayoungage.句子的主干是Thecognitive

skillsshouldbedevelopedatayoungage.而neededto

differentiateinformationfrommisinformation,andfactfromfiction这部分作为后置定语修饰thecognitiveskills,相当于Thecognitive

skills,whichareneededtodifferentiateinformationfrommisinformation,

andfactfromfiction,shouldbedevelopedatayoungage.

Q：Althoughyoungpeoplecantrusttheirtextbookstobe

accurateandfactual不明白这里为什么要用tobe?A：这里是因为trust的一个固定搭配,trust

somebody/somethingtodosomething,所以有trusttheir

textbookstobeaccurateandfactual

Q：atayoungage这里可以用定冠词吗?区分事实与伪事实factfromfiction：为什么这里没有冠词?A：atayoungage是一个固定说法,不能改为at

theyoungage;fact以及fiction都是不可数名词,加上定冠词就变成了特指,而这里应该用泛指,所以不能加冠词.2.一个健康的教育不止包含对事实和数据的记忆.学生学会如何提问,如何分析,如何学习也同样重要.Ahealthyeducation

(1.健康的教育)consistsof

(2.包含)morethan

thememorizationoffactsanddata(3.对事实和数据的记忆).

Itisequallyimportantthat

(4.同等重要的一点是……)studentslearnhowto

question,analyzeandinquire(5.提问、分析和调查).

1-Ahealthyeducation这里的健康,指的是合适的、对以后有益的.

词典释义：healthy

●●●○○6.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

明智的;聪明的;合理的

Ifyouhavea

healthy

attitudeaboutsomething,youshowgoodsense.

【搭配模式】：oftitv-linkADJto-inf•Shehasarefreshingly

healthy

attitudetowork...她对工作持一种明智态度,令人耳目一新.

•It'svery

healthy

tobeafraidwhenthere'ssomethingtobe

afraidof.不逞匹夫之勇是很明智的.

外刊例句：Despitetheevidencefromsuchstudiesthereisstill,

accordingtoMoore,"ananxietythatchildrenaren’tgoingtobereadytofit

intotheeconomybecausetheydon’tdocomputersattheageoffour–whereas

ifyougivethem

ahealthyeducation

andchildhood,theycancatchupveryeasily”.(TheGuardian)据穆尔所说,尽管有这些研究显示的证据,仍有这么一种焦虑存在着,即儿童会因为在四岁时未能接触到电脑而无法对经济制度做好适应准备——其实,如果给儿童提供健康的教育和童年,他们一样能很快地适应经济制度.

学生错误表达：(1)awholesomeeducation点评：wholesome一般指"有益健康的”,用在这里不妥.(2)theexcellenteducation点评：这里education是泛指,定冠词the应该改为a,excellent没有突出"健康”的含义,可以改为healthy.(3)well-balancededucation点评：well-balanced是指"均衡良好的”,没有突出"健康”的含义,此外,前面应该加冠词a

2-consistsof注意consistof和contain、include不同,consistof后跟的是全部组成成分,contain、include后跟的是部分组成成分.

词典释义：consist

●●●○○1.VERB

动词

由…组成;由…构成

Somethingthat

consists

of

particularthingsorpeopleisformedfrom

them.

【语法信息】：Vofn/-ing•Breakfast

consistedofporridgeservedwithbutter.早餐是麦片粥配佐餐黄油.•Hercrew

consistedofchildrenfromDevonandCornwall.她的团队由来自德文郡和康沃尔郡的孩子们组成.

外刊例句：Ofalltheproductstocopy,however,acarissurelythe

mostcomplicated.Cars

consistof

around6,000preciselymanufacturedcomponentsmadefromarangeofdifferent

materials.

()然而,汽车在众多要复制的产品中,肯定是最复杂的.汽车由大约6000个精密制作的部件构成,而且它们又由各种金属物质制成.

替换表达：bemadeupof/becomposedof/becomprisedof

学生错误表达：(1)

about点评：about是"关于,有关”的含义,与"包含”不同.

3-thememorizationoffactsanddatamemorization指记忆的行为或过程,memory指记忆力或被记住的事情.

外刊例句：

Whereasforme,therealvalueofathink-tankshouldbeto

promotenewandinterestingideas,ortoharnessspecialexpertisetobring

somereallycrunchy

factsanddata

toBrusselspolicydebates.

(TheEconomist)但是对于我而言,智库的真正价值该在于提出有趣且新颖的想法,或者是用其独特的专业知识把某些事实和数据"干货”,带到欧盟的政治辩论中.

学生错误表达：(1)thememoryoffactsanddata点评：memory是指"记忆力”,这里应该要用memorization,强调记忆的行为或过程.(2)thememoryoffactsanddatas点评：data本身就是复数名词(单数形式是datum),没有datas的说法.此外,这里memory要改为memorization,强调记忆的行为或过程.(2)

remembranceoftruthanddata点评：remembrance是指"回忆;纪念”,这里应该改为memorization,此外truthanddata要改为factsanddata

4-Itisequallyimportantthat此句型中,It为形式主语,that引导主语从句.

词典释义：equally['i：.kwə.li]

adverb

ESSENTIAL

■fairlyandinthesameway

平等地…;相同地…•Inanidealworld,wouldeveryonegettreated

equally?在理想世界里,每个人都会得到平等待遇吗?■inequalamounts

平均;均等

•Theinheritancemoneywas

shared

equally

amongthethreesisters.遗产的钱由三姐妹均分.■tothesamedegree

同样地;相等地;相同地;均等地

•Youlooked

equally

niceinbothdresses.这两件连衣裙你穿哪件都一样漂亮.■usedforaddinganideathatisasimportantaswhatyou

havejustsaid

同样地…(用于加入一个与前面所说内容同样重要的观点)

•Notallbusinessesarelegitimate.

Equally,notall

customersarehonesteither.不是所有的生意都是合法的.同样地,不是所有的顾客都是诚实的.

外刊例句：ButwhilewevigorouslyopposetheRepublicanplan,

itisequallyimportantthat

wefight

forahealthcaresystemthataddressestherealneedsoftheAmericanpeople,

includingmillionsofAmericanswholackaccesstogoodqualityprimarycare.

(TheGuardian)然而我们激烈反对共和党的计划的同时,我们也是在捍卫这个医疗保障系统,其真正解决了美国人民的需求,其中有数百万人尚无法获得优良的初级保健护理.

替换表达：itisalsoimportantthat

学生错误表达：(1)

it'sthesameimportant点评：中式表达.这里可以改为itisalsoimportantthat

5-question,analyzeandinquire每个并列的部分选取相同的结构,既美观也便于做到精确,比如这里给出的是三个动词并列,也可以采用动宾短语并列或者名词并列.

词典释义：question

●●●●●2.VERB

动词

向…提出问题;询问;盘问

If

you

question

someone,youaskthemalotofquestionsaboutsomething.

【语法信息】：Vn•Thisledthetherapistto

question

Jimabouthisparentsandtheirmarriage...这让治疗专家问起了吉姆有关他父母及他们婚姻的情况.

•Amanisbeing

questioned

bypoliceinconnectionwithanattackonadisabledwoman.警方正在询问一名涉嫌袭击一位残疾女性的男子.

analyseUK

(ALSOUSanalyze)['æn.əl.aɪz]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tostudyorexaminesomethingindetail,inorderto

discovermoreaboutit

分析•Researchers

analysed

thepurchasesof6300

households.研究人员对6300个家庭的购物消费作了分析.•Watersamplestakenfromstreamswere

analysed

for

contaminationbychemicals.对水质样本进行分析,来测定溪流是否已受到化学品的污染.

inquire

●●○○○2.VERB

动词

调查;查究

Ifyou

inquireinto

something,you

investigateitcarefully.

【语法信息】：Vinton/wh•Inspectorswereappointedto

inquire

intotheaffairsofthecompany.督查员受委派调查该公司的事务.

外刊例句：MychildhoodwasspentinIndiaatatimewhenthe

unforgivingAsianmodelwasinfullswing.Nothingyoudidwasgoodenough.

Infact,everysingleoneofmyreportcards,whetherIcamefirstinclass

ortenth,screamed,"Candobetter!".Conceptslikeperseverance

andemotionalwelfarewerenon-existent.Ithinkthatasaresult,myearly

educationhinderedmycapacitytoreflect,analyseand

inquire.(TheGuardian)我在印度度过了童年,那时,毫不宽容的亚洲教育模式尚处顶峰.无论学生做得多好都不会觉得够好的.事实上,在我的每一张汇报卡片上,无论我是第一个到学校还是第十个到学校,这些卡片都会写着"还能做得更好!”.坚持不懈或情感福利等概念并不存在.在我看来,这样的结果就是,早期教育阻碍了我培养出诸如反思、分析和探索等能力.

学生错误表达：(1)

howtoquestion,analysisandstudy点评：analysis是名词,这里应该改为动词analyse/analyze,与其他动词保持一致.(2)

howtoaskquestions,howtoanalyze,howtolearn点评：question可以作为不及物动词,表示"质疑”,这里howtoask

questions应该改为howtoquestion以便与后面的结构保持统一.(3)

howtheyraisequestions,makeanalysisandlearn

knowledge点评：learnknowledge是中式表达,应该改为acquireknowledge

Q：memorization和memory的区别?是不是memorization有点包含记忆的动作的意思?而memory表示记忆的结果?A：是的,memorization表示记忆的行为和过程,memory指"记忆力;回忆”.

Q：请问老师andbeyond怎么用,我上网查到说该词组常置于时间状语之后,但曾经做翻译练习时见过theworldandbeyondA：andbeyond可以置于时间、地点等状语之后,比如朗文词典例句：Therepercussionswillbefeltthroughouttheindustryandbeyond

(=inotherareas).影响将波及整个产业及其他领域.

Q：1)"同样重要”这个句型可不可以说itmatters

equallythat...2)为什么education

前面可以加a?(ahealthyeducation)

A：1)itmattersequallythat这一说法比较少见,不建议使用

2)education是单数形式的不可数名词,这个时候是可以加a的,可以查询朗文词典中的education词条,看到更多例句.

3.学习外语的学生会留意到参与讨论比看电影和看电视节目会产生更好、更长久的效果,因为前者是高度互动的体验,而后者至多只是一种被动学习的模式.Studentswhohavestudiedaforeignlanguagewill

notethat

(1.留意到)participatinginaconversation

producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

(2.产生更好以及长久的效果)thanwatchingamovieorTVshow,because

theformer(3.前者)is

ahighlyinteractiveexperience(4.高度互动的体验),whilethelatterprovidesonly

apassivemodeoflearning(5.一种被动学习的模式)

atbest(6.至多).

1-note

词典释义：noteUK

[nəʊt]

US

[noʊt]

verb

transitive

slightly

formal

ADVANCED

■tonoticesomething

留意,注意

•They

noted

theconsumers'growingdemandfor

quickerservice.他们留意到消费者对便捷服务与日俱增的需求.•[+(that)]Please

note

(that)

wewill

beclosedonSaturday.请注意我们周六不营业.•[+questionword]

Note

how

easyitisto

releasethecatchquickly.注意看,迅速拉开插销有多么容易.

例句：Japaneseexpressionsofregretandatonementarefinely

tunedtothecircumstances.Sostudentsofetiquettewerequickto

note

thattheapologyissuedbySony

onTuesdayOctober24th,formanufacturingoccasionallyinflammablelaptop

batteries,waslessthanwholehearted.()日本人表达悔过和歉意时十分讲究语境.所以,学习委婉语的学生很快就注意到,日本索尼公司在10月24日周四为其生产的可能自燃的手提电脑电池做出了道歉,但这道歉并不诚恳.

替换表达：notice

学生错误表达：(1)

recognise点评：recognise的含义是"认出(某人或某事);承认(某事实)”,不可以用来表示"留意”.

2-producesbetterandlong-lastingresults

词典释义：long-lastingUK

[ˌlɒŋ'lɑ：.stɪŋ]

US

[ˌlɑ：ŋ'læs.tɪŋ]

adjective

■continuingforalongperiodoftime

持续很久的,持久的•a

long-lasting

friendship持久的友谊

外刊例句：ThejailingoftheheroineoftheOrangeRevolutionof

2004,andthememoryofthedisastrousfailureofthepro-westernand

pro-democracyuprisingtodeliver

long

lastingresults

hasleftmillionsofUkrainiansdisillusionedwith

politicsandpoliticians.

()2004橙色革命的英雄遭受监禁,而这场意味深远的支持西方民主的革命惨遭失败的记忆也仍残留在数百万乌克兰民众的记忆中,他们也因此对政治和政客不再心存幻想.

学生错误表达：(1)

prolongedandprofoundeffects点评：prolonged一般指疾病、干旱、战争等现象持续很长时间,不能用来修饰effects,这里可以改为long-lastingeffects(2)

hasbetterandlongereffect点评：effect是可数名词,这里应该改为effects,一般不用longer来修饰effect,可以改为long-lasting(3)

betterandmorelastingeffects点评：morelasting应该改为long-lasting

3-theformertheformer和thelatter相对.另外,the

former作为"前者”的含义时,由于前文必然提到这两者的具体内容,所以需要加定冠词the表示特指.

词典释义：UK

['fɔ：.mər]

US

['fɔ：r.mɚ]

noun

onlysingular

theformer

ADVANCED

■thefirstoftwo

people,thingsorgroupspreviouslymentioned

前者,前一个

•Ofthetwosuggestions,Ipreferthe

former.这两个建议中,我更喜欢前一个.

外刊例句：Itismoreelegantthantheothertwomainformsofsetting

afee：hagglingandmenupricing.

The

former

isinefficientbecausethesellermightnotbenegotiatingwith

thepersonpreparedtopaythemost.

The

latter

willbeinefficientunlessthesellerhasexhaustiveknowledgeof

thesupplyanddemandconditionsandcanquicklyadjusthisprices

accordingly.

()这要巧妙过其它两种标价的方式——讨价还价式与菜单标价式.前者效率低,因为商贩可能不是在与真正能出最高价格的人协商价钱,而后者的话,除非商贩能彻底把握整个供给市场情况且能相应地迅速调整价格,否则后者也是低效率.

4-ahighlyinteractiveexperience

词典释义：interactiveUK

[ˌɪn.tə'ræk.tɪv]

US

[-tˌɚ-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■describesasystemorcomputerprogramwhichisdesigned

toinvolvetheuserintheexchangeofinformation

交互的,人机对话的,互动的•an

interactive

game/video互动式游戏／视讯•Thisisan

interactive

museumwherechildrencan

activelymanipulatetheexhibits.这是一个互动式博物馆,孩子可以亲手摆弄展品.

IMPROVER

■involvingcommunicationbetweenpeople

互动的•interactive

teachingmethods互动式教学法

外刊例句：Thefirm’suseofopeninnovationisalsodistinctive.

UnlikeApple’sdictatorialoperatingsystem,Xiaomi’suserinterface,MIUI,

is

highlyinteractive.()小米公司在开放式创新的应用方面也独树一格.小米公司的用户交互界面(MIUI)与苹果公司独裁式的操作系统不同,互动性非常高.

学生错误表达：(1)

extremelyinteractiveexperience点评：experience是可数名词,前面应该加冠词,即anextremely

interactiveexperience

5-apassivemodeoflearning

词典释义：passive['pæs.ɪv]

adjective

BEHAVIOUR

行为

oftendisapproving

■notactingtoinfluenceorchangeasituation;allowing

otherpeopletobeincontrol

被动的,消极的;顺从的

•He'svery

passive

intherelationship.他在这段关系中非常被动.•Menhavealwaysplayedanactivepartinleadingworship

whilewomenhavebeenconfinedtomore

passive

roles.男性在宗教崇拜方面一直起着主导作用,而女性则一直被局限于较被动的角色.

modeUK

[məʊd]

US

[moʊd]

noun

WAY

方式

ADVANCED

countable

slightly

formal

■awayofoperating,livingorbehaving

方法;做法;方式•Eachdepartmentinthecompanyhasitsown

mode

of

operationandnoneofthemarecompatible.这家公司的每一个部门都有自己的运作方式,互不相容.•Railwaysarethemostimportant

mode

of

transportfortheeconomy.铁路对经济而言是最重要的运输方式.

6-atbest

词典释义：atbest

■evenwhen

consideredinthemostpositiveway

最多,充其量

•Thefoodwasblandat

best,andatworst

completelyinedible.这种食物往好方的面说,是清淡无味,往差方面说,则根本就不能吃.

外刊例句：ThereisnoequivalencebetweentheAmericanandChinese

economies.Capital,peopleandideasstillflowfreelyintoandoutof

America;China’srelationshipswiththeoutsideworldaresemi-permeable

atbest.

()中美经济体并无相同之处.资本、人才和想法在美国任意流动,而中国与世界的联系最多也只能称为"半流通”.

替换表达：atmost

学生错误表达：(1)morethan点评：morethan是"超过”的意思,与atbest(至多)含义不同.

Q：学习外语的学生能否翻译成Languageschoolstudents?这样句型更简洁可以吗.A：不可以.Languageschoolstudents是指"语言学校的学生”,这个范围要比"学习外语的学生”窄.

Q：至多atbest：我没有翻译出来这个意思,例句的说法我也不是很熟悉A：可以查询词典atbest这个词条,学习更多例句.

Q：Studentslearningaforeignlanguage可以这样用现在进行时吗?A：这里不是现在进行时,learningaforeignlanguage是现在分词做后置定语修饰students,相当于studentswhoarelearninga

foreignlanguage

Q：被动的学习apassivemodeoflearning是否可以翻译成passivelearning,passive不能直接修饰learning吗?A：被动学习可以翻译为passivelearning,不过它与apassivemodeoflearning略有不同,apassive

modeoflearning是指"一种被动学习的模式”.

【while表示对比】while还可以引入从句表示另一件事作为对比.【例如】I'mCatholic,whileDebbieisJewish.我是天主教徒,黛比则是犹太教徒.

这个对比,同when引入的对比不同.when引入的对比是彼此相反的强烈对比,while则只是表示两者的不同,不强调相反;而且when往往谈同一件事本身包含的自相矛盾,while则往往谈两件事的差异(中文常用"则”字).试比较：HowcanI

evergetajobinAmericawhen(*while)Ican'tevenspeakEnglish?我连英语都不会说,又怎么能够在美国找到工作呢?/Howsillywearetositaroundinsidewhen(*while)outsideit

issolovely.外面这么好,咱们呆在屋里多么笨./Fredgambledhis

moneyawaywhile(*when)Juliaspenthersallondressesandbric-a-brac.弗雷德把自己的钱赌博赌掉,朱丽亚则把钱花在衣服和摆设上./Geographically,theUKisontheperipheryofEurope,while

(*when)Parisisattheheartofthecontinent.从地理上说,英国位于欧洲的边沿,而巴黎则是在大陆的中心.

4.电子词典的使用要比传统词典容易得多.与其需要快速翻阅数页以查找正确的页码和正确的词条,电子词典的使用者只需要输入这个单词,然后单词的含义马上就会出现在屏幕上.Electronicdictionaries

(1.电子词典)aremucheasiertousethantraditionaldictionaries.Insteadofhavingto

leafthrough(2.快速翻阅)severalpagesand

scandown

(3.查找)thecorrectpagetofindaparticular

entry(4.词条),electronicdictionaryusersneedonlytypeintheword,anditsdefinitionwillimmediatelyappearonthescreen.

1-electronicdictionaries

词典释义：electronicUK

[ɪˌlek'trɒn.ɪk]

US

[-'trɑ：.nɪk]

adjective

ELECTRICAL

电的

ESSENTIAL

■(especiallyofequipment),using,basedonorusedina

systemofoperationwhichinvolvesthecontrolofelectriccurrentbyvarious

devices

(尤指设备)使用电子器件的,电子的•an

electronic

keyboard/game电子键盘／游戏•electronic

components/devices电子元件／设备

外刊例句：Andthepointsinfavorof

electronicdictionaries

areevenmorecompellingthanthecase

againstprintedones.Hyperlinksallowforquicklearningaboutrelated

items.Audiopronunciationsbeatouttranscriptionsinobscureformats.

Photosandevenvideosareasnaptoinclude.Blogsandothermeta-content

enrichtheexperience.

()而且,支持电子词典的观点可以说比反对纸质词典的还能人心悦诚服.超链接让使用者可以快速查找相关信息.音频发音远胜难懂的标音范式.要把图片甚至是视频纳入词条也轻而易举.博客和其他多媒体内容也丰富了查词的体验.

替换表达：digitaldictionaries/e-dictionaries

2-leafthrough

词典释义：[li：f]

verb

Phrasal

Verbs

leafthroughsth

■toquicklyturn

thepagesofabookoramagazine,readingonlyalittleofit

浏览,粗看,略读•Thewaitingroomwasfullofpeople

leafing

throughmagazines.等候室里到处都是人,都在翻看杂志.

外刊例句：Researchersarefarmorelikelytousekeywordsearchesin

Googletofindpapersrelevanttotheirworkthanto

leafthrough

printedjournals.

()研究者更惯于在谷歌上利用关键字搜索与他们研究相关的论文,而不是浏览出版刊物.

替换表达：lookthrough/flipthrough/thumbthrough

学生错误表达：(1)lookover/flipover点评：lookover/flipover含义是"翻页;换磁带”,例如：You

mayturnoveryourexampapersnow.这与"快速翻阅”不同.(2)browsethrough点评：browsethrough是指"随意翻看,随意浏览(不一定带有查找信息的目的)”,而leafthrough一般指快速翻看书籍以查找信息,两者不可互换.

3-scandown词典释义：scan

●●○○○2.VERB

动词

细看;察看;审视;端详

Whenyou

scan

aplaceorgroupofpeople,youlookatitcarefully,usually

becauseyouarelookingforsomethingorsomeone.

【语法信息】：Vn

【语法信息】：Vnforn

【语法信息】：Vprep

【搭配模式】：nopassive•Theofficer

scannedtheroom...那名警官仔细检查了房间.

•Shewasnervousandkept

scanning

thecrowdforPaul...她很紧张,眼睛不停地在人群中搜寻保罗.

•Heraisedthebinocularstohiseyeagain,

scanningacrossthescene.他再一次把双筒望远镜举到眼前,仔细观察整个现场.

外刊例句：Scandown

theBrookingslist,andthatislessthantheseventhmost-costlySenaterace(Arkansas),

whichcost$56.3m,or$26.47perArkansasvoter.Sotheseventhcostliest

Senateracecostmorethantheentire2010generalelectioninBritain.

()细看查找一下布鲁金斯学会的统计表,你会发现,这比阿肯色州参议员选举还花的少,该选举在花费最多的参议员选举中位列第七,耗资5630万美元,每位阿肯色州选民分推26.47美元.也就是说,第七花费多的参议员选举都比整个英国2010年大选耗费更多.

4-aparticularentry

词典释义：entry['en.tri]

noun

INFORMATION

资讯

IMPROVER

countable

■aseparatepieceofinformationthatisrecordedina

book,computer,etc.

项目;条目;(一则)记录•They'veupdatedalotofthe

entries

inthemost

recenteditionoftheencyclopaedia.在最新版百科全书中他们更新了很多条目.•Ashisillnessprogressed,he

made

fewer

entries

inhisdiary.随着病情加重,他日记记得越来越少.

外刊例句：TheconstructionhasnotyetmadeitintotheOxford

EnglishDictionary,inwhichthe

entry

for"as”alreadycomprises35meanings.TheMacquarieDictionary,an

Australianpublication,hasan

entry

fortheintensifier"as"butoffersnocluewhenitfirstappeared.

()该语法解析尚未把它纳入到牛津字典中,"as”的词条在该字典里,已经有35个义项.而澳大利亚出版的麦克奈利在"as”作强调成分初次出现时就把这用法收录了进去,不过未作提供用法提示.

学生错误表达：(1)item点评：item是指"项目,条款”,例如Theotheritemonthe

agendaisthetour.日程中的另一项是旅游.这里用item不够entry精确.(2)word点评：word一般是指单词,在这里不如entry(apieceofwritinginadict