统型应急电源应急控制系统- BUS ELECTRICAL

统型应急电源应急控制系统ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主讲人Zhangjia张嘉应急控制回路为一转换电路，它由应急控制电路、电池过放电保护电路和电池过充电保护电路三部分组成。Theemergencycontrolcircuitisaswitchingcircuitcomposedofthreeparts:theemergencycontrolcircuit,thebatteryover-dischargeprotectioncircuitandthebatteryoverchargeprotectioncircuit.统型应急电源应急控制系统统型应急电源应急控制系统①②③④整流器正常工作时，由应急电源输出的DC48V电压供给所有直流负载（包括应急负载），并切断电池向应急负载供电。Whentherectifierisinnormaloperation,theDC48VvoltageoutputfromtheemergencypowersupplyissuppliedtoallDCloads(includingemergencyloads)andcutsoffthebatterypowersupplytotheemergencyloads.整流器突然断电时，转换电路自动恢复电池向应急负载供电；Whentherectifiersuddenlylosespower,theconversioncircuitautomaticallyrestoresbatterypowertotheemergencyload;当电池电压下降到42±1V时自动切断向外供电，防止电池过放电；Automaticallycutsoffthepowersupplytotheoutsidewhenthebatteryvoltagedropsto42±1V,preventingthebatteryfromover-discharging;当电池电压高达64±1V亦切断向外供电，保护用电器；Whenthebatteryvoltageisashighas64±1V,italsocutsoffthepowersupplytotheoutsidetoprotecttheelectricalappliances；2.作用Function⑤控制电路故障时，通过对接触器KM1绕组供电进行强迫合闸，以实现上述目的。Intheeventofacontrolcircuitfailure,forcedclosingisperformedbysupplyingpowertothecontactorKM1windingfortheabovepurpose.整流器如图2-4a所示Asshowninthediagram整流器输出的48V直流电源可向①一般直流负载、②应急负载及③控制箱面板上的正常指示灯供电。Therectifieroutputsa48VDCpowersupplytoprovidepowertothegeneralDCload,emergencyloadandnormalindicatorlightsonthecontrolpanel.其中：Amongthem:一般直流负载整流器①向一般直流负载供电的通路为整流器插座CZ2的7-10熔断器RD7接线端子排JX1的11号接线端子接线端子排JX1的7号接线端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18一般直流负载一般直流负载接线端子排JX1的8号接线端子ThepowersupplypathforgeneralDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→fuseRD7→terminalblockJX1's11thterminal→generalDCload→terminalblockJX1's8thterminal→terminalblockJX1's7thterminal→rectifiersocketCZ2's16-18.整流器②向应急直流负载供电的通路为整流器插座CZ2的7-10接触器KM2常开触点接线端子排JX1的10号接线端子接线端子排JX1的7号接线端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18应急负载接线端子排JX1的8号接线端子应急直流负载熔断器RD6ThepowersupplypathforemergencyDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→contactorKM2normallyopencontact→fuseRD6→terminalblockJX1's10thterminal→emergencyload→terminalblockJX1's8thterminal→terminalblockJX1's7thterminal→rectifiersocketCZ2's16-18.直流48V供电自动转换当三相交流电供电正常时Whenthethree-phaseACpowersupplyisnormal整流器和充电器均正常工作，整流器有电(CZ2有电）、充电器有电（CZ1有电），设备处于正常供电状态。正常指示灯亮。Boththerectifierandthechargerworknormallywithpowersuppliedtotherectifierandthecharger.Theequipmentisinnormalpowersupplystatewiththenormalindicatorlighton.由于接触器KM2得电吸合，其常闭辅助触点断开，接触器KM1处于断电释放状态，电池向应急负载供电的通路被切断。AsthecontactorKM2isenergizedandclosed,itsnormallyclosedauxiliarycontactopensandthecontactorKM1isinapower-offreleasestate,cuttingoffthecircuitthatprovidespowerfromthebatterytotheemergencyload.直流48V供电自动转换接触器KM1线圈ThecoilofcontactorKM1一端通过接触器KM2常闭辅助触点接电池正极，另一端通过V31、V33接电池负极，只有V33导通，KM1才能得电吸合。ThecoilofcontactorKM1isconnectedtothepositiveterminalofthebatterythroughthenormallyclosedauxiliarycontactofcontactorKM2andtheotherendisconnectedtothenegativeterminalofthebatterythroughV31andV33.OnlywhenV33isconducting,KM1canbeenergizedandclosed.电池通过KM1主触点及熔断器RD6、JX1-10向应急负载供电。ThebatterypowerstheemergencyloadthroughthemaincontactofKM1andfusesRD6andJX1-10.同时，接触器KM1辅助常开触点接通，发光二极管D103指示应急工作。Atthesametime,thenormallyopenauxiliarycontactofcontactorKM1isconnectedandtheLEDD103indicatestheemergencyoperation.直流48V供电自动转换当本车交流有电时WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercarisavailable:①整流器插座CZ2（7-10）输出48V直流电，经电阻R21、R22、二极管V22向电容器C21-22充电。TherectifiersocketCZ2outputs48VDCpower,whichchargesthecapacitorC21-22throughresistorsR21,R22anddiodeV22.②来自充电机的17.5V辅助电源通过电阻R23-24、二极管V24也向电容器C21-22充电。The17.5VauxiliarypowersupplyfromthechargerchargesthecapacitorC21-22throughresistorsR23-24anddiodeV24.直流48V供电自动转换③整流器插座CZ2的7-10输出48V直流电，经电阻R21、R22、二极管V21、V28、电阻R32向电容器C24充电。The48VDCpowerfrompins7-10oftherectifiersocketCZ2chargesthecapacitorC24throughresistorsR21,R22,diodesV21,V28andresistorR32.当本车交流有电时WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercarisavailable:④来自充电机的17.5V辅助电源通过电阻R23-24、二极管V23、V28、R32也向电容器C24充电。The17.5VauxiliarypowersupplyfromthechargerchargesthecapacitorC24throughresistorsR23-24,diodesV23,V28andresistorR32.直流48V供电自动转换当本车断电时，电容器C21-22、C24分别向U3A输入基准电压与比较电压，U3A输出高电平，三极管V33导通，接触器KM1得电吸合，电池开始放电，实现直流48V供电的自动转换。WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercariscutoff,capacitorsC21-22andC24respectivelyprovidethereferencevoltageandcomparisonvoltagetoU3A.U3Aoutputsahighlevel,transistorV33conducts,contactorKM1isenergizedandclosed.Thebatterystartstodischarge,achievingautomatictransferfor48VDCpowersupply.

图中，与按钮AQ并联的是接触器KM1的自锁触点。Inthefigure,inparallelwithbuttonAQistheself-lockingcontactofcontactorKM1.B+→KM1→RD6→JX1（10）→应急负载。①B+→KM1→RD6→D103应急指示灯亮。②手控应急通断与过放保护电池能否供电取决于三极管V33的通断，而V33的通断除受AQ、AT控制外，还受电池过放检测和电池电压过高检测电路的控制。电压的检测由比较器U3A和U3B完成。Whetherthebatterycansupplypowerdependsontheon/offstateoftransistorV33,whichiscontrollednotonlybyAQandATbutalsobythebatteryover-dischargedetectionandbatteryvoltageover-highdetectioncircuits.ThevoltagedetectionisperformedbycomparatorsU3AandU3B.电池正极经AQ、AT、V26提供给控制电路，作三种用途：

ThebatterypositiveterminalisprovidedtothecontrolcircuitviaAQ,AT,andV26forthreepurposes:辅助电源auxiliarypowersupply电池过放检测分压信号batteryover-dischargedetectionvoltagedivisionsignal电池电压过高分压信号batteryvoltageover-highvoltagedivisionsignal手控应急通断与过放保护RP3是调整过放电（42V）电位器，RP4是调整过高点（64V）电位器。RP3isthepotentiometerforadjustingtheover-dischargepoint(42V),RP4isthepotentiometerforadjustingtheover-highpoint(64V).电池电压正常时，可按下AQ接通应急输出，按下AT切断应急输出。Whenthebatteryvoltageisnormal,emergencyoutputcanbeswitchedonbyAQandswitchedoffbyAT.电池电压过高，过低保护动作后不能自动恢复供电。Aftertheprotectionactionforbatteryvoltageover-highorover-low,automaticpowersupplyrecoveryisnotpossible.123综上所述Insummary:电池反接指示电池反接时Whenthebatteryisreverseconnected对应急电源系统的损害是充电机充电熔断器RD2熔断，这是因为充电机中的续流二极管D109、熔断器RD2对电池构成短路状态。Whenthebatteryisreverseconnected,thedamagetotheemergencypowersupplysystemisthemeltingofthechargingmachine’schargingfuseRD2.ThisisbecausethefreewheelingdiodeD109andfuseRD2inthechargingmachinecreateashortcircuitacrossthebattery.手控应急通断与过放保护RD2熔断后，接在电池两端的V36、R45、D102流过电流，电池反接指示D102点亮。AfterRD2ismelted,currentflowsthroughV36,R45andD102connectedacrossthebattery,causingthebatteryreverseconnectionindicationD102tolightup.一旦发现电池反接应及时处理，电池极性纠正后，应检查并更换充电机的充电熔断器。Onceabatteryreverseconnectionisdetected,